DNA: the Genetic Material

Chapter 14 Outline DNA: The Genetic Material Advanced Placement Biology Roslyn High School

What is the genetic material?

How did the Hammerling experiment show that cells store hereditary information in the nucleus?

How was surgery performed upon cells?

How did the transplantation experiment show each cell contains a full set of genetic instructions?

How were nuclei successfully transplanted? What is totipotency with respect to plants?

How did the Griffith experiment show hereditary information can pass between organisms?

How did the Avery and Hershey-Chase experiments show that DNA was the active principle?

Avery: Hershey-Chase:

What is the structure of DNA?

What is the chemical nature of nucleic acids?

How did Levene’s analysis show that DNA is a polymer? How did Chargaff’s analysis show that DNA is not a simple repeating polymer?

How did Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction detect patterns of DNA?

How did Watson and Crick develop their model of the DNA double helix? How does DNA replicate?

How did the Meselson-Stahl experiment show that DNA replication is semiconservative? How does DNA replicate?

What is a replication origin?

What are polymerases?

How do leading and lagging strands differ? How do other enzymes play a role in DNA replication?

What happens at the replication fork?

How do polymerases play a role in DNA replication?

What is a replisome? What are the stages of replication?

Initiation:

Elongation:

Termination:

How does eukaryotic DNA replicate? What is a gene?

How was the one-gene/one-polypeptide hypothesis developed?

How did Garrod show that inherited disorders can involve specific enzymes?

How did Beadle and Tatum show that genes specify enzyme production?

What is a defined system?

How were growth deficient mutants isolated?

How were the deficiencies identified? How was the one-gene/one-polypeptide hypothesis developed?

How does DNA encode protein structure?

How did Sanger show proteins consist of defined sequences of amino acids?

How did Ingram show a single amino acid change in a protein can have profound effects?