Katie Davis, Danny Bachmann, and Emily Humphreys

LEED EB for Existing GSB Katie Davis, Danny Bachmann, and Emily Humphreys

YES C: Yes (certain) YES EG: Yes (educated guess) MAYBE: Uncertain NO EG: No (educated guess) NO C: No (certain)

 Sustainable Sites o SS Prereq 1: Erosion and Sedimentation Control . YES EG: Stanford’s Special Conditions for Storm Water Pollution Prevention contain guidelines to limit runoff, including storm water, granular material, dust, and waste materials. Guidelines include recycling, proper waste collection, proper hazardous material storage and use, spill prevention and cleanup, etc. Contractors are liable for fines incurred by not complying with these guidelines. o SS Prereq 2: Age of Building . YES C: GSB South was built in 1966; LEED only requires buildings to be 2 years old for EB certification eligibility o SS Credit 1.1 and 1.2: Plan for Green Site and Building Exterior Management . YES EG (only 1 point):  Maintenance equipment: --  Plantings: “Where possible,” Stanford uses drought-resistant plants and mulch are used instead of turf. Stanford also makes an effort to use native plants.  Animal and vegetation pest control: Integrated Pest Management- Stanford grounds services control pests through regular monitoring (both of pests and of beneficial insects), improving plant health, and releasing beneficial insects. Chemical pesticide use is greatly reduced; when pesticides are necessary, only the least toxic ones are used.  Landscape waste: The grounds department practices grass-cycling (leaves clippings on fields), grinds up (already-cut) logs to use for wood chips, composts wood waste and other yard waste, sells horse manure to landscapers, and grinds brush materials into mulch.  Irrigation management: A weather station manned by the Grounds division is connected to an automated irrigation system that calculates the amount of watering needed and controls the sprinkler lines accordingly. This evapo-transpiration irrigation system allows large turf irrigation to use 25% less water.  Fertilizer use: Stanford does not use any herbicides or pesticides have been identified as potential ground water contaminants by local, state, or federal agencies.  Snow removal: N/A  Cleaning of building exterior: --  Paints and sealants used on building exterior: --  Other maintenance of building exterior: -- o SS Credit 2: High Development Density Building and Area . YES C: GSB South has 255,000 square feet of building area on less than an acre of land; satisfies requirement of at least 60,000 square feet per acre. Located in an area of similar building density. o SS Credit 3.1: Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access . YES C: Satisfies Option B (located within ¼ mile of two or more public or campus bus lines usable by building occupants). GSB is within ¼ mile of over 12 Marguerite stops. Also satisfies Option C (building occupants provided with a conveyance supplying transportation to a commuter rail station. (Marguerite goes to Caltrain station) o SS Credit 3.2: Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms . NO EG: GSB has bike racks but no changing rooms or showers. o SS Credit Alternative Transportation: Alternative Fuel Vehicles . NO C: GSB has no refueling stations, provides no alternative fuel or hybrid vehicles, and does not provide preferred parking for alternative fuel or hybrid vehicles. o SS Credit 3.4: Alternative Transportation: Car Pooling and Telecommuting . YES C: Stanford Parking and Transportation Services provide enough preferred parking for carpool vehicles to satisfy 5% of GSB occupants. o SS Credits 4.1 and 4.2: Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space . NO EG: GSB does not have native or adapted vegetation covering at least 50% of the non-building footprint. o SS Credits 5.1 and 5.2: Stormwater Management: Rate and Quality Reduction . YES EG: Stanford’s Special Conditions for Storm Water Pollution Prevention contain guidelines to limit storm water run-off. o SS Credit 6.1: Heat Island Reduction: Non-Roof . YES EG: GSB non-roof surfaces are mostly light-colored concrete. o SS Credit 6.2: Heat Island Reduction: Roof . NO EG: GSB roof is dark red to conform with the rest of Stanford campus. o SS Credit 7: Light Pollution Reduction . NO EG: GSB has a number of non-shielded lights.

 ~TOTAL SUSTAINABLE SITE POINTS (including EG’s): 6, plus prerequisites satisfied~

 Water Efficiency o WE Prereq 1: Minimum Water Efficiency . MAYBE: No evidence of efficient water fixtures could be found, but we could only access a few areas of the GSB and have no records of the building’s water use. o WE Prereq 2: Discharge Water Compliance . YES C: Stanford complies with the EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements. o WE Credits 1.1 and 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce Water Use . Yes EG: (1 point): A weather station manned by the Grounds division is connected to an automated irrigation system that calculates the amount of watering needed and controls the sprinkler lines accordingly. This evapo- transpiration irrigation system allows large turf irrigation to use 25% less water. Stanford also uses non-potable water from a reservoir on campus for irrigation. Stanford plants drought-tolerant, less-water-intensive species where possible. It is likely that in sum, these practices result in a 50% reduction in potable water use over conventional irrigation methods. o WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies . NO EG: GSB certainly does not treat 100% of wastewater on site, and no evidence can be found suggesting that it reduces use of potable water for building sewage conveyance by 50%. o WE Credit 3.1 and 3.2: Water Use Reduction . MAYBE: No evidence of efficient water fixtures could be found, but we could only access a few areas of the GSB and have no records of the building’s water use.

 ~TOTAL WATER EFFICIENCY POINTS (including EG’s): 2, plus prerequisites satisfied if the GSB can reduce potable water usage to baseline or below (baseline: 120% of the water usage that would result if 100% of fixtures met 1992 EPACT requirements)~

 Energy and Atmosphere o EA Prereq 1: Existing Building Commissioning . YES EG: Ben mentioned commissioning, and looking at his handout and various sources online, there appears to be a working knowledge of the building’s energy systems o EA Prereq 2: Minimum Energy Performance . MAYBE: Some efficiency measures have been taken (like lighting and reflective window film) and using Cardinal Cogen is efficient, but overall it’s questionable o EA Prereq 3: Ozone Protection . MAYBE: It depends upon how you want to classify Cogen (and even then, we’re uncertain of the refrigerants used) o EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance . NO EG: Again, lighting, window films, insulated ducts, VSD HVAC equipment, and others point to a moderately efficient building, but many other areas seem lacking. It’s hard to judge by looking at the EPA Target Finder on the EnergyStar website without additional information like utility bills and/or energy consumption o EA Credit 2.1: Renewable Energy – On-site 3% / Off-site 15% . NO C: There is no on or off-site generation for this building. Stanford used cogeneration and has 3 PV installations around campus, but cogen doesn’t count as renewable and the PVs don’t power this particular building. o EA Credit 2.2: Renewable Energy – On-site 6% / Off-site 30% . NO C: See Above o EA Credit 2.3: Renewable Energy – On-site 9% / Off-site 45% . NO C: See Above o EA Credit 2.4: Renewable Energy – On-site 12% / Off-site 60% . NO C: See Above o EA Credit 3.1: Operation and Maintenance – Building Systems Staff Education . YES EG: Looking at the Stanford Operations and Facilities webpages, it would appear that the facilities managers and staff for each building are educated regularly. o EA Credit 3.2: Operation and Maintenance – Building Systems Maintenance . YES EG: Based upon the above and the service checks and maintenance help we’ve received through our dorms, we would guess that there is a protocol that would achieve this credit o EA Credit 3.3: Operation and Maintenance – Building Systems Monitoring . NO EG: Ben mentioned that the building was too old for the newer campus-wide controls and it appears that there isn’t very detailed monitoring or any plan in place. They may keep track of utility bills for this individual building and may monitor toxic gasses, but it does not appear they keep track or have a plan for things like temperature, humidity, CO2, etc. o EA Credit 4: Additional Ozone Protection . NO EG: Like Prereq #3, it’s uncertain o EA Credit 5.1: Performance Measurement – Enhanced Metering (4 actions) . YES EG: It’s possible from what we saw and looking at Stanford’s Energy and Conservation website that they meet certain efficiency reqs.:  Have lighting systems and controls  Separate building electric meters  Chilled water system with variable speed  Constant and variable loads o EA Credit 5.2: Performance Measurement – Enhanced Metering (8 actions) . MAYBE: See Above:  Air/Water Economizer  Meters for irrigation use  Indoor aggregated water meters  VFD operation o EA Credit 5.3: Performance Measurement – Enhanced Metering (12 actions) . NO EG: See Above o EA Credit 5.4: Performance Measurement – Emission Reduction Reporting . NO EG: No evidence that something like this exists o EA Credit 6: Documenting Sustainable Building Cost Impacts . MAYBE: There are many documents available to facilities managers and the fact that they know the payback periods on potential improvements would indicate that they’re aware and keep track of the economics of sustainable projects—just don’t know for sure.

 ~Total Points for EA: It’s possible that all prerequisites were met and 6 additional points earned. It’s also quite possible that the prerequisites were not met and 0 additional points were earned~

 Materials and Resources o MR Prereq 1.1: Source Reduction and Waste Management – Waste Stream Audit . YES EG: We assumed that they performed this before adoption a recycling program. o MR Prereq 1.2: Source Reduction and Watse Management – Storage and Collect . YES EG: They appear to have an extensive recycling program easily accessible to all and available for a wide variety of matierals o MR Prereq 2: Toxic Material Source Reduction – Reduced Mercury in Light Bulb . NO EG: This is a very specific requirement and it seems unlikely that the some one is paying attention to such things o MR Credit 1.1: Construction, Demolition and Rennnovation – Divert 50% . NO EG: This is a very old building and it is highly unlikely this was done o MR Credit 1.2: Construction, Demolition and Rennnovation – Divert 75% . NO EG: See Above o MR Credit 2.1: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials – 10% of Total . NO EG: It’s possible that office equipment was purchased in a manner consistent with this series of requirements, but we have not hear or seen evidence that it is o MR Credit 2.2: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials – 20% of Total . NO EG: See Above o MR Credit 2.3: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials – 30% of Total . NO EG: See Above o MR Credit 2.4: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials – 40% of Total . NO EG: See Above o MR Credit 2.5: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials – 50% of Total . NO EG: See Above o MR Credit 3.1 and 3.2: Optimize Use of IAQ Compliant Products . NO EG: It is unlikely that greater than 45% of the annual purchases conform with the given sustainability criteria, which are quite specific and therefore probably not currently satisfied. o MR Credit 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3: Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials . YES EG (1 point): Without many readily available details on the Stanford janitorial system, it’s unclear if it has been examined for its sustainability practices to date. It seems reasonable to assume that at least 30% of the annual cleaning products and materials purchases are sustainable, but perhaps not up to 60%. o MR Credit 5.1, 5.2, and 53: Occupant Recycling . YES EG (3 points): According to the Stanford Recycler, in 2005 Stanford diverted 58% of its waste. Therefore, assuming this is reasonably constant across the campus, we can safely assume that the GSB recycles more than 50% of its total waste stream. o MR Credit 6: Additional Toxic Material Source Reduction . NO EG: The requirements for this credit, which relates to the amount of mercury in light bulbs, are quite specific, so it’s likely that the GSB does not meet them.

 ~Total Points for MR: It’s possible that all prerequisites were met and 4 additional credits were earned

 Indoor Environmental Quality o IEQ Prereq 1: Outside Air Introduction and Exhaust Systems . YES EG: The building has a sophisticated HVAC system that likely meets the criteria for this prerequisite. o IEQ Prereq 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control . YES EG: Under California law, smoking is prohibited in all buildings. Stanford extends the policy to include areas within 20 feet of buildings. Therefore, it makes sense that, if the GSB designated any smoking areas, they would likely be at least 25 feet from the building to avoid interfering with this campus-wide rule. o IEQ Prereq 3: Asbestos Removal or Encapsulation . YES C: Stanford’s Facilities Design and Construction Standards requires that all materials used be asbestos-free. Since the GSB was built in 1966, the presence of asbestos is possible, but as in others buildings on campus that contain it, it is certainly controlled. o IEQ Prereq 4: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Removal . YES C: According to Stanford’s Facilities Design and Construction Standards, all PCBs require reporting so that they can be removed in a safe manner. o IEQ Credit 1: Outside Air Delivery Monitoring . NO EG: It’s a fairly new practice to monitor a building’s ventilation system performance. Because the GSB is older and will soon be replaced, such monitoring is unlikely. o IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation . NO EG: This credit requires not only increased ventilation performance, but also diagrams and calculations or an analytic model to verify that performance. Because of the stringent requirements, it’s not likely the GSB would earn this credit. o IEQ Credit 3: Construction IAQ Management Plan . NO EG: Due to the building’s age, it’s unlikely that a construction IAQ management plan was developed. o IEQ Credit 4.1 and 4.2: Documenting Productivity Impacts . NO EG: It does not seem reasonable to assume that Stanford is measuring absenteeism and other productivity impacts in the GSB. o IEQ Credit 5.1 and 5.2: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control . YES EG (1 point): It seems that Stanford would be likely to install a system to remove particulates in the air system. However, the second credit cannot be earned – print/fax/copy rooms in the GSB did not satisfy the requirements of isolation and/or negative pressure. o IEQ Credit 6.1 and 6.2: Controllability of Systems . NO C: For lighting, individual offices have one artificial lighting option with a simple on/off switch, not allowing full control for different tasks. In multi-occupant spaces, such as the GSB library, occupants have no control other than window blinds. Temperature control is not provided in multi-occupant spaces, nor in many of the offices. o IEQ Credit 7.1 and 7.2: Thermal Comfort . YES EG (1 point): It seems reasonable to assume that the GSB complies with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. However, it doesn’t seem likely that a permanent monitoring system is in place. o IEQ Credit 8.1-8.4: Daylight & Views . YES EG (2 points): Due to the GSB’s “Figure 8” layout, over half of the spaces appear to have both daylight and views. However, there are still some remaining interior spaces, so the more stringent credits are probably not met. o IEQ Credit 9: Contemporary IAQ Practice . NO EG: Like other monitoring issues, it’s unlikely that a management program for the GSB’s IAQ exists. o IEQ Credit 10.1-10.6: Green Cleaning . YES C (1 point): The GSB certainly earns the credit for entryway systems, as each exterior door has a mat to reduce dirt entering the building. Although information about the janitorial closets could not be obtained, it’s unlikely that they meet the stringent requirements for that credit. . YES EG (2 point): According to a letter to the editor in the Stanford Daily, green cleaning supplies and practices are used throughout campus. Therefore, credits 10.3 and 10.6 are probably satisfied by the GSB. It’s unclear whether pest management policy is also sustainable, thus the two remaining credits are assumed to be unmet by the GSB.

 ~Total Points for IEQ: It’s possible that all prerequisites were met and 7 additional credits were earned

 Innovation & Design Process o Credits 1.1-1.4: Innovation in Upgrades, Operation & Maintenance . NO EG: The GSB does not appear to be able to apply for any innovation credits. o Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional . YES EG: Stanford’s policy is that every new construction project has at least one LEED AP working on it. Therefore, were the GSB to try for LEED-EB certification, it’s almost certain a LEED AP would be involved.

 ~Total Points for IDP: It’s possible that 1 credit was earned

Antiquated Lighting Controls: BAD

Centralized Waste Sorting: GOOD

Incandescent Lighting: BAD

Overhangs and Bike Racks: GOOD

CFLs: GOOD Accessible Recycling: GOOD

Entry Mats: GOOD

Fluorescent Lighting: GOOD

Conservation Signage: INNOVATION POINT?