AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chem!

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chem! Mr. Wood/Dr. Germain

You are responsible for the content in chapters 1-4 of Chemistry the Central Science, 12th edition, Brown LeMay for AP. This work will be checked on the first day of class. Completion of the summer assignment will confirm your seat in AP Chemistry, and alternatively failure to do the summer assignment will result in dismissal from the course. This does not mean you need to master EVERYTHING in all 4 chapters, but you are expected to diligently work independently to understand the concepts. Remember, this is a college level course, so we move fast!

Chapter 1

 Units, metric prefixes, and master conversions from one metric unit to another.

 Temperature conversions from K to °C

 Significant figures – what are they and what qualifies as a significant digit.

 Dimensional analysis…how to set these problems up and solve them.

Problems in book: 2,6,8,13,15,23,24,28,37,43,47,50,58,63,67,71

Chapter 2

 Dalton’s Theory

 Evolution of atomic theory

 Isotopes and atomic mass

 Periodic table, how it’s organized and how to predict ionic charges using the table

 Chemical and structural formulas

 **NAMING** this is crucial to being able to write chemical formulas!

Problems in book: 3,7,11,19,23,25,27,31,37,43,47,50,51,55,57,59,61,63,65,67,69,90

*Chapter 3

 Equations – writing and balancing

 Chemical reactivity

 Conversions – moles, mass, atoms/molecules, volume

 Empirical formula calculations

 **Stoichiometry (stoy-key-om-etry) problems**

 **Finding limiting and excess reagents** AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chem! Mr. Wood/Dr. Germain

Problems in book: 1,5,10,11,13,17,19,21,23,25,33,35,38,45,47,49,51,57,60,64,65,68,71,77,81, 91,93,97

*Chapter 4

 Electrolytes vs non-electrolytes – what are they and distinguish between them

 Types of reactions and their products

 Memorize strong acids and bases

 Concentration calculations – using Molarity as a conversion factor

 Dilution problems – M1V1=M2V2

 Methods of chemical analysis (titrations etc..) Our first lab will be a titration so you should be familiar with the concepts and procedure.

Problems in book: 3,5,7,12,15,19,20,23,29,31,35,37,39,43,45,49,51,53,56,61,63,67,72,73, 77,81,85,87,94,106,109,113

Memorize all polyatomic ions, solubility rules, strong acids/bases.

Solubility Rules (also see attached sheet) 1. Salts containing Group I elements are soluble (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+). Exceptions to this rule are rare. + Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4 ) are also soluble. - 2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3 ) are generally soluble. 3. Salts containing Cl -, Br -, I - are generally soluble. Important exceptions to this rule are halide salts of + 2+ 2+ Ag , Pb , and (Hg2) . Thus, AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are all insoluble.

4. Most silver salts are insoluble. AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2) are common soluble salts of silver; virtually anything else is insoluble.

5. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Important exceptions to this rule include BaSO4, PbSO4, Ag2SO4 and

SrSO4 . 6. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group I elements are soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group II elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of transition 3+ metals and Al are insoluble. Thus, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Co(OH)2 are not soluble.

7. Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble. Thus, CdS, FeS, ZnS, Ag2S are all insoluble. Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and lead sulfides are also insoluble. 8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Group II carbonates (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are insoluble. Some other

insoluble carbonates include FeCO3 and PbCO3.

9. Chromates are frequently insoluble. Examples: PbCrO4, BaCrO4

10. Phosphates are frequently insoluble. Examples: Ca3(PO4)2, Ag3PO4

11. Fluorides are frequently insoluble. Examples: BaF2, MgF2 PbF2.

**Sophomores (or those who are rusty with their chemistry) – I highly recommend that you listen to the podcasts that are on my website (www.germainium.net). In addition, the first year Glencoe text is a AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chem! Mr. Wood/Dr. Germain great resource if you need some backup to the AP text. It is a college textbook after all! You want to be familiar with the entire Glencoe book up to gas laws (Chapter 10).

You can access the text online : http://www.glencoe.com/ose/. The passcode is listed on my website (www.germainium.net, cut and paste it in!) under the Honors Chemistry tab.

You will begin the year with Mr. Wood and, after the mid-year exams, will complete the year with Dr. Germain. Feel free to email Dr. Germain, [email protected], or Mr. Wood, [email protected], with questions.