University of California, Berkeley s4

University of California, Berkeley Fall 2008 College of Environmental Design Professor Jill Stoner Tue 5:00 – 8:00 PM, Wurster 270, 3 units

ED10 - THE LITERATURE OF SPACE

INTRODUCTION

The concept of “space” as it is applied to the fields of architecture and urbanism can be understood as a barometer of the condition that we call “modernity.” This course will explore connections between the larger cultural frameworks of the past century, and the idea of “space” as it has been perceived, conceived and lived during this period.

Adrian Forty’s essay on “Space” (Forty, 2000) provides an entry into the literature of the course. The course reader opens with this text, and includes some of Forty’s references, to which are added other key works from the disciplines of philosophy, geography, architecture, landscape, urbanism and fiction. The readings are grouped according to themes that are in turn tied to the idea of space as a modern phenomenon. The themes will form the foundation for weekly seminar discussions.

One reading from each group belongs to the consecutive decades of the 20 th century. This structure is balance by thematic readings that are not chronological—thus revealing both the force of history upon the conceptualization of space, and its contradictions. This duality further clarifies a key theme within much of the literature—the replacement of history with geography as an essential quality of modern condition.

In addition to the theoretical readings, each week’s selection includes a work of short fiction, thus complementing the intellectual content with more a more visceral approach to understanding concepts of space. Additional recommended readings will be on reserve in the library.

1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

1. To understand the relationship between the concept of “space” and the condition of modernity. 2. To become familiar with key texts from a range of disciplines, and to explore the interdisciplinary themes that connect the texts. In particular, the course material explores links between the design disciplines of architecture, landscape architecture and planning, and the theoretical disciplines of geography and philosophy. 3. To engage in a collaborative seminar in which ideas are discussed and debated. 4. To learn to prepare a research paper as a sequence from abstract and bibliography, through draft form, then as a revised final text.

CLASS STRUCTURE

COURSE READER A selection of readings linked by a common theme is assigned each week, and forms the foundation of the seminar discussions and workshops. The course reader is available from Copy Central on Bancroft Avenue. Additional recommended readings will be on reserve in the CED library.

WEEKLY RESPONSES Each week, students will write a two-paragraph (300 – 400 words) response to the assigned readings, focusing on two of the selections. These written responses will be illustrated with an original photograph, drawing or diagram. We will use a method of “peer review”, as well as instructor response, to comment upon and clarify the spatial themes revealed through these exercises. By mid-semester, in the context of these responses, the theme of each student’s final paper should begin to emerge.

SHORT LECTURES & WORKSHOPS We will use part of each class time for either a short lecture, or an informal group workshop. This may involve conducting an informal debate, or diagramming the spaces within a work of fiction. As we approach the end of the semester, one of these workshops will be directly related to the content of the final paper.

ORAL PRESENTATION Following the submission of the first draft of the paper, students will prepare an oral presentation of approximately 10 minutes, to be followed by a brief discussion. Oral presentations: November 25th and December 2nd

FINAL PAPER In preparation for the writing of the final paper, each student will prepare a bibliography which includes several works from the reader, and will write a 400-word abstract that describes the intentions of the paper. We will review the abstracts and the sources in individual appointments. Abstract due: October 27th Individual appointments: Week of October 27th Draft due: November 18th Draft returned: November 25th Final paper due: December 15th

2 POLICIES

ATTENDANCE As with all seminars, student participation is integral to the content of the course. Thus attendance is required, and failure to attend more than one seminar without a legitimate excuse will affect the “class participation” component of the grade.

WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Short responses are due weekly. Late submissions will affect that portion of the grade. Responses will be graded on a four-point system. Late responses will be downgraded by one point. For the final paper, each two days late will lower the grade by one increment (i.e. from a “b” to a “b-“.

GRADING The grading is based on the following criteria, with specific weight given to each component. Weekly responses to the readings: 25% Class Participation and Workshops 25% Oral presentation 10% Final Paper 40%

Point system for weekly responses (these are approximate). 4 = excellent (a) 3 = very good (b+ or a-) 2 = satisfactory (b) 1 = below satisfactory (c)

OFFICE HOURS Please make an appointment for instructor office hours to discuss any issues or special circumstances. Wednesdays 2:30 – 3:30, or by appointment. 352 Wurster Hall

3 COURSE OUTLINE & SCHEDULE

Notes: Readings are listed on the day that they will be discussed. Fiction readings are underlined.

Week 1: September 2 Introduction to the Course

In-class discussion of course content, and some short definitions of “space” as a condition of modernity.

Week 2: September 9 Foundation Readings on Space, Architecture and Modernity

Forty, Adrian. “Space.” In Words and Buildings: A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2000. Pages 256 – 275.

Kant, Immanuel. “Space” and “Time.” In Critique of Pure Reason. 1781. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Pages 67 - 91.

Giedion, Sigfried. "Three Space Conceptions." In Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967. Pages v – vi.

Moholy-Nagy, László. “Space (Architecture)." In The New Vision: Fundamentals of Design, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1938. Pages 161 – 164.

Zevi, Bruno. “Space-Protagonist of Architecture.” In Architecture as Space: How to Look at Architecture. Edited by Joseph A. Barry. Translated by Milton Gendel. New York: Horizon Press, 1957. Pages 22 - 32.

Massey, Doreen. “Spatialising the History of Modernity.” In For Space. London: Sage Publications, 2005. Pages 62 – 71.

Week 3: September 16 Space as enclosure.

Semper, Gottfried. “The Four Elements of Architecture.” In The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pages 101 – 110.

Loos, Adolf. “The Principle of Cladding.” In Spoken Into the Void: Collected Essays 1897-1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982. Pages 66 - 69.

Bachelard, Gaston. “The Dialectics of Outside and Inside.” In The Poetics of Space. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958. Pages 211 – 231.

4 Colomina, Beatriz. “Archive” in Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture As Mass Media. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1994. Pages 1 – 15.

Kobo Abe, “The Magic Chalk”

Week 4: September 23 Space in the age of relativity.

Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, and Antonio Sant'Elia. “Futurist Architecture.” In Programs and Manifestoes On 20th Century Architecture, edited by Ulrich Conrads. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1971. Pages 34 – 38.

Schindler, Rudolf. "Modern Architecture: A Program." In R.M. Schindler: Composition and Construction, edited by Lionel March and Judith Sheine. London: Academy Editions, 1992. Pages 10 - 12.

Friedman, Alan J., and Carol C. Donley. "The Myth of the Universal Present," "The General Theory" and "Lessons from the New Physics." In Einstein As Myth and Muse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Pages 56 – 66.

Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. “Rhizome.” In A Thousand Plateaus. Translated by Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987. Pages 3 – 25.

Lerup, Lars. “Stim and Dross.” In After the City. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000. Pages 47 – 63.

Jorge Luis Borges, “The Library of Babel”

Week 5: September 30 Domestic Space.

Le Corbusier. "The Illusion of Plans." In Towards a New Architecture. London: The Architectural Press, 1948. Pages 164 – 184.

Bachelard, Gaston. “The House. From Cellar to Garret. The Significance of the Hut.” In The Poetics of Space. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958. Pages 3 – 37.

Vidler, Anthony. “Unhomely House.” In The Architectural Uncanny. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1994. Pages 17 – 44.

Anita Desai, “Pigeons at Daybreak”

5 Week 6: October 7 Urban Space

Sitte, Camillo. "That Public Squares Should Be Enclosed Entities." In City Planning According to Artistic Principles. Translated by Christiane Crasemann Collins and George R. Collins. New York: Random House, 1965. Pages 32 – 38.

CIAM. “Charter of Athens: Tenets.” 1933. In Programs and Manifestoes On 20th Century Architecture, edited by Ulrich Conrads. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1971. Pages 137 – 145.

Benjamin, Walter. “Naples.” In Reflections. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. Edited by Peter Demetz. New York: Schocken, 1986. Pages 163 – 173.

Berger, John. “Manhattan.” In A Sense of Sight. New York: Vintage International, 1985. Pages 61 – 67.

Berger, John. "Ralph Fasanella and the Experience of the City." In About Looking. New York: Vintage Books, 1980. Pages 103 – 109.

J G Ballard, “Concentration City”

Week 7: October 14 The Production of Space

Lefebvre, Henri. “The Plan of the Present Work.” In The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. Pages 1 – 67.

Heidegger, Martin. "Building Dwelling Thinking." In Poetry, Language, Thought. Translations and introduction by Albert Hofstadter. New York: Perennial Classics, 2001. Pages 143 - 159.

Franz Kafka, “Two Introductory Parables”

Week 8: October 21 Practiced Space

Van Eyck, Aldo. Team 10 Meetings. New York: Rizzoli, 1991. Pages 76 – 79.

De Certeau, Michel. “Spatial Stories.” In The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendell. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Pages 115 – 130.

Hayden, Dolores. “Urban Landscape History: The Sense of Place and the Politics of Space.” In The Power of Place. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1995. Pages 15 – 22.

Debord, Guy. “Environmental Planning.” In The Society of the Spectacle. New York: Zone Books, 1995. Pages 119 – 127.

6 Raymond Carver, “Cathedral”

Week 9: October 28 Post-war American Space

Venturi, Robert, and Denise Scott-Brown. "A Significance for A & P Parking Lots, Or Learning From Las Vegas." In Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1972. Pages 3 – 22.

Jackson, John Brinkerhoff. “The Necessity for Ruins.” In The Necessity for Ruins and Other Topics. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980. Pages 89 -102.

Berman, Marshall. “The 1960’s: A Shout in the Street.” In All That is Solid Melts into Air. New York: Penguin Books, 1982. Pages 312 – 329.

Crawford, Margaret. "The Fifth Ecology: Fantasy, the Automobile, and Los Angeles." In The Car and the City, edited by Martin Wachs and Margaret Crawford. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. Pages 222 – 233.

W. D. Wetherell, “The Man Who Loved Levittown”

Week 10: November 4 Spaces of Exclusion and Control

Foucault, Michel. “Panopticism.” In Discipline and Punish. Translated by Alan Sheridan. London: Penguin Books, 1977. Pages 195 – 228.

Evans, Robin. “The Rights of Retreat and the Rites of Exclusion: Notes Toward a Definition of Wall.” In Translations from Drawing to Building and Other Essays. London: Architectural Association, 1997. Pages 35 – 53.

Vidler, Anthony. “Dark Space.” In The Architectural Uncanny. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1994. Pages 167 – 175.

John Cheever, “The Swimmer”

Week 11: November 11 Urban Enclaves

Caldeira, Teresa. "Fortified Enclaves." In Theorizing the City, edited by Setha M. Low. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005. Pages 83 – 109.

7 Davis, Mike. “Fortress L. A." In City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso, 1990. Pages 223 – 265.

Donald Barthelme, “Paraguay”

Week 12: November 18 “Other Spaces”

Foucault, Michel. "Of Other Spaces." Diacritics 16 (1): 22 – 27 (1986). bell hooks, and Amalia Mesa-Bains. "Home." In Homegrown: Engaged Cultural Criticism. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2006. Pages 97 – 105.

Massey, Doreen. “A Global Sense of Place.” In Space, Place and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Pages 146 – 156.

Appadurai, Arjun. "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy." In The Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Simon During. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.

Castells, Manuel. "The Space of Flows." In The Rise of the Network Society. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Vol. 1. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996. Pages 376 - 428.

J. G. Ballard, “The Intensive Care Unit”

Week 13: November 25 The Future of Space

Grosz, Elizabeth. “The Future of Space.” In Architecture from the Outside. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2001. Pages 108 – 129.

Virilio, Paul. “The Immaterials of War.” In A Landscape of Events. Translated by Julie Rose. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000. Pages 82 – 89.

McKibben, Bill. "A New Atmosphere." In The End of Nature. New York: Anchor Books, 1990. Pages 3 – 8.

Jorge Luis Borges, “The Secret Miracle”

Week 14: December 2 Student presentations

Week 15: December 9 Student presentations

8 Suggested Additional Readings:

Agamben, Giorgio. Homo-Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.

Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 2006.

Bakhtin, M. 1984. Rabelais and His World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Behrens, Peter. 1910. Art and Technology. In Buddensieg, T., ed. Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984, pp. 212-219.

Benjamin, Walter. The Arcades Project. Edited by Roy Tiedemann. Translated by Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Berlage, H.P. 1905. Thoughts on Style. Republished on Hendrick Petrus Berlage: Thoughts on Style 1886- 1908. Santa Monica, CA, 1996, pp. 122-56, 185-257.

Bötticher, Carl. 1846. The Principles of the Hellenic and Germanic Ways of Building. Republished in Herrmann, W., In What Style Should We Build? The German Debate on Architectural Style. Santa Monica, CA: Getty Center, 1992, pp. 147-67.

Buchanan, Ian and Gregg Lambert, eds. 2005. Deleuze and Space. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Conrads, Ulrich, ed. Programs and Manifestoes On 20th Century Architecture. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1971.

Corbridge, Stuart E. 1995. Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory and International Political Economy. London: Routledge.

Defert, D. 1997. ‘Foucault, Space, and the Architects’, in Politics/Poetics. Documenta X - The Book. Ostfildern-Ruit: Cantz Verlag, pp. 274-283.

Ebeling, Siegfried. 1926. Der Raumals Membran (Space as Membrane). (Reviews in English).

Escobar, Arturo. 1994. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Foucault, M. 1987. Death and the Labyrinth: The World of Raymond Roussel. London: Athlone Press.

Foucault, M. 1998. ‘Different Spaces’, in J. Faubion ed. Aesthetics: the Essential Works, 2. London: Allen Lane, pp. 175-185

Foucault, M. 2000 (1984). ‘Space, Knowledge, and Power’, in J. Faubion ed. Power: the Essential Works, 3. London: Penguin, pp. 349-364.

9 Harvey, David. 2000. Spaces of Hope. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Hays, Michael, ed. Architecture Theory Since 1968. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1872 (1967). The Birth of Tragedy. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 141.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1901. The Will to Power. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 293.

Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Existence, Space and Architecture. New York: Praeger, 1971.

Ockman, Joan. Architecture Culture 1943 – 1968: A Documentary Anthology. New York: Rizzoli, 2007.

Riegl, Alois. 1893 (1992). Stilfragen (Problems of Style). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Said, Edward. 1976. Orientalism.

Said, Edward. 2000. 'Invention, Memory, and Place.' In Critical Inquiry 26: 175 - 192.

Schmarsow, August. 1894. “The Essence of Architectural Creation.” In Ikonomou and Mallgrave, transl. Empathy, Form and Space. Santa Monica, CA.: Getty Center, 1994. Pages 284-297.