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UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCEINCES DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCEIENCES & CHEMISTRY
MED-TERM EXAM
COURSE NAME: MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
COURSE CODE: BIOL343
DATE: April 1, 2009
STUDENT NAME:
STUDENT ID:
FINAL SCORE: QUESTION 1 (10 POINTS)
READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND MARK EACH OF THEM AS EITHER TRUE ( ) OR FALSE ( X )
1. ( ) Innate immunity is non-specific but can develop immunological memory.
2. ( ) Spleen and lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues.
3. ( ) All lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow but not all lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.
4. ( ) Defensins are small peptides present in the skin that act as antibiotics to kill bacteria and fungi.
5. ( ) phagosome is an intracellular vesicle that forms during phagocytosis and contains microbes.
6. ( ) Pyrogens cause fever by affecting hypothalamus.
7. ( ) The alternative pathway of complement activation is initiated by binding of C1 to antibodies.
8. ( ) After C3 activation, C3a molecule promotes phagocytosis, while C3b molecule promotes inflammation. 9. ( ) Gamma-interferon are type I interferons produced by virus-infected cells.
10.( ) Transferrins inhibit virus infections by interfering by virus replication.
QUESTION 3 (10 POINTS)
READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER AMONG THE FOUR CHOICES
1. The biological factors of first line of defense include:
( ) Defensins and lysozymes ( ) Tears and saliva ( ) Skin flora and intestinal flora ( ) None of the above
2. Lymphoid progenitor gives rise to:
( ) Lymphocytes and monocytes ( ) B cells, T cells, and NK cells ( ) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils ( ) Dendritic cells and macrophages
3. Lymphocytes that mature in Thymus are:
( ) B cells ( ) NK cells ( ) T cells ( ) All of the above
4. Macrophages are characterized by:
( ) Lobed nucleus ( ) CD44 expression ( ) Acidic cytoplasmic granules ( ) All of the above
5. Phagocytes bind to antibody-coated microbe by:
( ) Attachment receptor ( ) Toll-like receptor ( ) Complement receptor ( ) Fc receptor 6. Lymphocyte activation is mediated by:
( ) Dendritic cells ( ) Neutrophils ( ) NK cells ( ) Mast cells
7. NK cells recognize virus-infected cells because:
( ) Virus-infected cells are opsonized with antibody ( ) Virus-infected cells display reduced amount of MHC-I ( ) Virus-infected cells display increased amount of MHC-I ( ) Virus-infected cells are bound to complement
8. The complement activation pathway that is triggered by lectin binding to microbial poly saccharides (mannose) is:
( ) Classical pathway ( ) Alternative pathway ( ) Classical and alternative pathways ( ) None of the above
9. The only pathway of complement activation that is antibody- dependent is:
( ) Classical pathway ( ) Alternative pathway ( ) C3 activation ( ) None of the above 10. Killer-activating receptor (KAR) and killer-inhibiting receptor (KIR) are important for the function of:
( ) Monocytes ( ) Phagocytes ( ) Lymphocytes ( ) NK cells
QUESTION 2 (30 POINTS)
READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE RIGHT WORD(S)
1. Second line of innate immune defense includes ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .
2. Main phagocytic cells are …………… and …………… .
3. Blood cells can be categorized into …………… and …………… .
4. Myeloid progenitor gives rise to ……………, ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .
5. Histamine is produced by …………… and …………… .
6. Eosinophils play an important role in …………… infections, while neutrophils play an important role in …………… infections. 7. The cardinal sings of inflammation are ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .
8. Activated natural killer cells release cytolytic molecules such as …………… and …………… .
9. …………… and …………… are considered as opsonins.
10. Complement activation results in destruction of microbes by ……………, ……………, and …………… .
11. Professional antigen-presenting cells are ……………, ……………, and …………… .
12) Immunoglobulins are divided into different classes based on …………… .
13) Antibodies mediate their effector functions through …………… portion.
14) …………… is the only antibody that can pass the placenta.
15) …………… is the antibody that plays a role in hypersensitivity.
16) Blood cells such as macrophages and NK cells, interact with antibodies through …………… .
17) IgE is normally found bound on …………… and …………… . 18) …………… is important for mucosal immunity, while …………… is important for parasitic infections.
19) Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is mediated by two antibody isotypes, which are …………… and …………… .
20) …………… is the main isotype in primary antibody responses, while …………… is the main isotype in secondary antibody responses.
21) B cells recognize …………… antigens, while T cells recognize …………… antigens.
22) B cells recognize antigens by membrane-bound ……………, while T cells recognize antigens by …………… .
23) Naïve B cells use …………… and …………… as B-cell receptors.
24) Epitopes recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .
25) Antigens recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .
26) Antibody responses to protein antigens require help from …………… . 27) …………… antibodies prevent attachment of pathogen to target cells.
28) B cells need T cell help for ……………, ……………, and …………… .
29) Opsonization promotes cellular response such as ……………, ……………, and …………….
30) CD3 is the surrogate marker for …………… .
QUESTION 4 (20 POINTS)
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
1. ANTIGEN:
2. EPITOPE: 3. AFFINITY:
4. LYMPH:
5. CROSS-REACTIVITY:
QUESTION 5 (30 POINTS)
DRAW WITH FULL LABELS
1) Kinetics of primary and secondary antibody responses to T- dependent antigens 2) The classical pathway of complement activation