College of Arts and Sceinces

UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCEINCES DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCEIENCES & CHEMISTRYMED-TERM EXAMCOURSE NAME: MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGYCOURSE CODE: BIOL343DATE: April 1, 2009STUDENT NAME:STUDENT ID:FINAL SCORE: QUESTION 1 (10 POINTS)READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND MARK EACH OF THEM AS EITHER TRUE (  ) OR FALSE ( X )1. ( ) Innate immunity is non-specific but can develop immunological memory.2. ( ) Spleen and lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues.3. ( ) All lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow but not all lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.4. ( ) Defensins are small peptides present in the skin that act as antibiotics to kill bacteria and fungi.5. ( ) phagosome is an intracellular vesicle that forms during phagocytosis and contains microbes.6. ( ) Pyrogens cause fever by affecting hypothalamus.7. ( ) The alternative pathway of complement activation is initiated by binding of C1 to antibodies.8. ( ) After C3 activation, C3a molecule promotes phagocytosis, while C3b molecule promotes inflammation. 9. ( ) Gamma-interferon are type I interferons produced by virus-infected cells.10.( ) Transferrins inhibit virus infections by interfering by virus replication.QUESTION 3 (10 POINTS)READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER AMONG THE FOUR CHOICES 1. The biological factors of first line of defense include: ( ) Defensins and lysozymes  ( ) Tears and saliva  ( ) Skin flora and intestinal flora  ( ) None of the above2. Lymphoid progenitor gives rise to: ( ) Lymphocytes and monocytes  ( ) B cells, T cells, and NK cells  ( ) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils  ( ) Dendritic cells and macrophages3. Lymphocytes that mature in Thymus are: ( ) B cells  ( ) NK cells  ( ) T cells  ( ) All of the above4. Macrophages are characterized by: ( ) Lobed nucleus  ( ) CD44 expression  ( ) Acidic cytoplasmic granules  ( ) All of the above5. Phagocytes bind to antibody-coated microbe by: ( ) Attachment receptor  ( ) Toll-like receptor  ( ) Complement receptor  ( ) Fc receptor 6. Lymphocyte activation is mediated by: ( ) Dendritic cells  ( ) Neutrophils  ( ) NK cells  ( ) Mast cells7. NK cells recognize virus-infected cells because: ( ) Virus-infected cells are opsonized with antibody  ( ) Virus-infected cells display reduced amount of MHC-I  ( ) Virus-infected cells display increased amount of MHC-I  ( ) Virus-infected cells are bound to complement8. The complement activation pathway that is triggered by lectin binding to microbial poly saccharides (mannose) is: ( ) Classical pathway  ( ) Alternative pathway  ( ) Classical and alternative pathways  ( ) None of the above9. The only pathway of complement activation that is antibody- dependent is: ( ) Classical pathway  ( ) Alternative pathway  ( ) C3 activation  ( ) None of the above 10. Killer-activating receptor (KAR) and killer-inhibiting receptor (KIR) are important for the function of: ( ) Monocytes  ( ) Phagocytes  ( ) Lymphocytes  ( ) NK cellsQUESTION 2 (30 POINTS)READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE RIGHT WORD(S)1. Second line of innate immune defense includes ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .2. Main phagocytic cells are …………… and …………… .3. Blood cells can be categorized into …………… and …………… .4. Myeloid progenitor gives rise to ……………, ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .5. Histamine is produced by …………… and …………… .6. Eosinophils play an important role in …………… infections, while neutrophils play an important role in …………… infections. 7. The cardinal sings of inflammation are ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .8. Activated natural killer cells release cytolytic molecules such as …………… and …………… .9. …………… and …………… are considered as opsonins.10. Complement activation results in destruction of microbes by ……………, ……………, and …………… .11. Professional antigen-presenting cells are ……………, ……………, and …………… .12) Immunoglobulins are divided into different classes based on …………… .13) Antibodies mediate their effector functions through …………… portion.14) …………… is the only antibody that can pass the placenta.15) …………… is the antibody that plays a role in hypersensitivity.16) Blood cells such as macrophages and NK cells, interact with antibodies through …………… .17) IgE is normally found bound on …………… and …………… . 18) …………… is important for mucosal immunity, while …………… is important for parasitic infections.19) Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is mediated by two antibody isotypes, which are …………… and …………… . 20) …………… is the main isotype in primary antibody responses, while …………… is the main isotype in secondary antibody responses.21) B cells recognize …………… antigens, while T cells recognize …………… antigens.22) B cells recognize antigens by membrane-bound ……………, while T cells recognize antigens by …………… .23) Naïve B cells use …………… and …………… as B-cell receptors.24) Epitopes recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .25) Antigens recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .26) Antibody responses to protein antigens require help from …………… . 27) …………… antibodies prevent attachment of pathogen to target cells.28) B cells need T cell help for ……………, ……………, and …………… .29) Opsonization promotes cellular response such as ……………, ……………, and …………….30) CD3 is the surrogate marker for …………… .QUESTION 4 (20 POINTS)DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS1. ANTIGEN:2. EPITOPE: 3. AFFINITY:4. LYMPH:5. CROSS-REACTIVITY:QUESTION 5 (30 POINTS)DRAW WITH FULL LABELS1) Kinetics of primary and secondary antibody responses to T- dependent antigens 2) The classical pathway of complement activation

College of Arts and Sceinces

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