Timber Products and Furniture Technologies

Student:………………………………………………………………………. Scone High School

Industrial Technology Timber Products and Furniture Technologies

Occupational Health and Safety

General Workshop Safety Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com

1 Workplace Health & Safety > General Workshop Safety List 3 safety rules under each of the headings below. (i) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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(ii) Behaviour

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(iii) Housekeeping

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(iv) Machinery

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2 Elementary First Aid Procedures Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com Workplace Health & Safety > Elementary First Aid Describe the appropriate treatments for the following emergency situations. Heavy Bleeding

 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

 ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ......

Electric Shock

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DRSABCD Explain the DRSABCD action plan

3 Hazard Identification & Assessment: Portable Power Tools  Sheet sander  Bicuit cutter  Jigsaw  Router  Belt sander

The common potential hazards of these portable power tools machines include  Eye injury  Dust  Noise  Electricity  Impact injury

Hazard Possible consequence Recommended controls

Wood dust and splinters can be thrown up Eye injuries into the operators face

High exposure to timber dust can cause Dust breathing and health issues

Exposure to high noise levels will damage Noise hearing

Electrocution will occur if the operator comes Electricity in contact with live wires.

The work piece may be thrown violently Impact injury during the process.

4 Sheet Sander Safety Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com Workplace Health & Safety > Safe Operating Procedures

Action Safe Unsafe

1. To use machine without checking the cord, for cuts and abrasions, and the plug. 2. To wear safety glasses or a face shield.

3. Carrying the sander by the cord is ……

4. To securely tighten sandpaper clamps.

5. To connect machine to power source without checking off-on switch. 6. Use torn or worn out abrasive paper is ………………………

7. Clamping the work piece in a vise is …………..

8. To start sander when it is sitting on work piece.

9. To place excessive pressure on the machine to make machine cut faster. 10 To set sander near edge of table or bench. . 11 Disconnecting the machine from electrical source before . changing sandpaper is ….. 12 Cleaning the sander before storing is …….. .

Potential Hazards Identify the potential hazards when using the sheet sander.  …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

 …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Biscuit Cutter Safety The biscuit joiner is a single-use tool that safely performs its task with precision and ease. Also known as a plate joiner, the tool is used to cut slots in the edge or faces of two pieces of wood that are to be joined together. Since the blade is housed inside of the tool body and then buried in the work piece, the tool is one of the safest power tools in the woodworker's shop.

Action Safe Unsafe

1. To use machine without first checking the cord, for cuts and abrasions, and the plug is ….. 2. Wearing safety glasses or a face shield is …..

3. Wearing a dust mask if cutting operations are dusty is ………

4. Using the biscuit cutter without securing the work is ……..

5. Not over-reaching and keeping good balance is ……..

6. Starting the machine without having it butted up firmly against the timber is …… 7. Holding the timber with your hand while operating the biscuit cutter is 8. Checking that ventilation slots in the machine are not blocked, which may cause over-heating, is ….. 9. Using the machine with unrestrained hair, loose clothing or jewellery is ….. 10 Having an uncluttered work space so that the operator can . work freely is ….. 11 Keeping the power lead away from the cutter by passing it . over your shoulder is ….. Potential Hazards Identify the potential hazards when using the biscuit cutter.  …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

6  ………………………………………………………………………………………….Jig saw Safety

The jigsaw is a versatile tool which can be used for a variety of cutting operations on wood and most sheet materials including metal. It can be used for straight cutting but is most useful for cutting shapes that involve tight curves.

Action Safe Unsafe

1. Checking the machine for damaged electrical cord or other signs of damage is ……….. 2. Using the jig saw in one hand while holding the job in the other is …. 3. Over reaching and losing your balance while using the jig saw is … 4. Selecting the correct blade for the job is ….

5. Removing the blade from a cut before the blade has stopped moving is …… 6. Keeping the base of the jigsaw flat on the job is …..

7. Allowing the electrical cord to drape over the job is ….

8. Starting the saw with the saw blade touching the job is ….

9. Allowing the saw to reach full speed is ……

10 Forcing the saw blade into a very tight curve too fast is ….. . 11 Attempting to reinsert the blade into the cut line while the . saw is running is ….

Potential Hazards Identify the potential hazards when using the jigsaw.  …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

7  ………………………………………………………………………………………….

8 Router Safety The router accepts different shaped cutters allow you to use your router to cut square, vee and rounded grooves. There are more router bits to enable round, angular and decorative edge finishing. An edge finishing router bit has a spinning guide at the base of the cutter that prevents the blade cutting deeper into the timber.

Action Safe Unsafe

1. Wearing safety glasses when using a router is …….

2. Having the teacher check the tightness of the cutter and depth adjustment before use is ….. 3. Having your fingers close to the cutter is ….

4. Clamping the job securely before routing is ….

5. Starting the router with the cutter touching the job is ….

6. Allowing the router to attain full speed before use is …

7. Not placing the router down until the cutter has stopped rotating is …. 8. Not wearing hearing protection when using the router is …

9. Allowing the sole plate to rise off the job is …

10 Turning the router off as soon as a cut is finished is …. . 11 Not cleaning up the work area after using the router is …. . Potential Hazards Identify the potential hazards when using the router.  …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

9 Hazard Identification & Assessment: Fixed Machines  Disc Sander  Drill press  Band saw  Mitre drop saw  Thicknesser

The common potential hazards of these fixed machines include:  Eye injury   Contact with moving blade 

Hazard Possible consequence

Eye injuries Wood dust and splinters can be thrown up into the operators face

Contact with moving blade Cuts or amputations to fingers or hand from contact to the blade.

Dust High exposure to timber dust can cause breathing and health issues

Noise Exposure to high noise levels will damage hearing

10 Disc Sander Safety

Pre-operational safety checks What pre-operational checks must be carried out before using the disc sander?  ………………………………………………………………………………………………

 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Operational Safety Checks

Safety Check True False 1. Allow machine to reach maximum revolutions before operating to avoid overloading

2. Always place material on the table on the downward side of the disc travel to hold it

3. Hold material firmly against the table before applying pressure on abrasive.

4. Keep hands/fingers clear of abrasive disc while sanding.

5. Never leave the machine running unattended.

6. Before making adjustments switch off and bring the machine to a complete standstill.

Potential Hazards List the potential hazards when using the disc sander  …………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………

Forbidden What actions are forbidden from being carried out on the disc sander?  …………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………

11 12 Drill Press safety

Safety Safe Unsafe

The wearing of safety glasses is optional

Long and loose hair must be contained

Ensure the chuck key (if used) has been removed from the drill chuck

Follow correct clamping procedures to ensure work is secure

Adjust spindle speed to suit drill or cutter diameter.

Never leave the Drill Press while it is running.

Before making adjustments or before cleaning swarf accumulations switch off and bring the machine to a complete standstill

Feed downwards at a sufficient rate to keep the drill cutting.

Leave the machine in a safe, clean and tidy state.

Potential Hazards Identify the potential hazards when using the drill press.  …………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

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13 Band Saw Safety Pre-operational safety checks What pre-operational checks must be carried out before using the band saw?  …………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Safety True False It is safe to leave the machine running unattended.

Hands should never be placed in line with the blade.

Use a push stick when feeding material past the blade.

You can make adjustments while the band saw is running

It is safe to back the work away from the blade while it is running. Do not force a wide blade on a cut of small radius. Use relief cuts when cutting sharp curves. Stop the saw immediately if the blade develops a ‘click’

Forbidden What actions are forbidden from being carried out on the band saw?  ……………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………….

14 Mitre Saw Safety Pre-operational safety checks What pre-operational checks must be carried out before using the mitre saw?  …………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Action Safe Unsafe

The work piece must be held against a fence and clamped.

Having hands within 150mm of the blade

Allow the blade to reach full speed before cutting.

Do not force the tool into the work. Not taking your hand away from the trigger switch and handle until the blade is fully covered by the lower blade guard. Reaching around or behind the saw blade. When cutting bowed timber place the bow against the table to avoid the saw binding. Before making adjustments switch off and bring the machine to a complete standstill Long material should be supported at the same height as the saw table.

Personal Protective Equipment List the PPE to be worn when using the drop saw    

Forbidden What actions are forbidden from being carried out on the mitre saw  …………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………

15 Hazard Identification & Assessment: Drop Mitre Saw The drop saw is sometimes called a mitre saw. It is electrically operated and adjustable, and is used to cut (dock) timber to length. It can be adjusted to cut at angles between 90° and any angle down to 45°. It makes accurate repetitive cuts. You can use it for detailed joinery tasks. POTENTIAL HAZARDS  Saw may grab and ‘kick-back’ toward operator  Airborne dust  Contact with rotating blade  Eye injuries  Noise

Hazard Possible consequence Recommended controls

Bowed timber can cause kick back resulting Kick back in impact injury or lacerations or amputation of finger or hand.

High exposure to timber dust can cause Airborne dust breathing and health issues

Contact with Contact with the blade may result in rotating blade laceration or amputation of fingers or hand

Wood dust and splinters can be thrown up Eye injuries into the operators face

Exposure to high noise levels will damage Noise hearing

16 Thicknesser Pre-operational safety checks What pre-operational checks must be carried out before using the thicknesser?  …………………………………………………………………………………………………

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………

 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Action Safe Unsafe

Check the material for defects, splits, dead knots, or nails.

Do not exceed maximum 2mm depth of cut.

Never leave the machine running unattended

Never plane timber less than 300mm in length

Feed the timber with the grain

Feed only one piece at a time.

Stand to onside when feeding timber in case of kickback Measure thickness off timber and set machine correct size before starting the machine. Hearing protection must be worn.

Eye protection need not be worn.

Force the timber into the machine. Potential Hazards Identify the potential safety hazards when using a thicknesser.  …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

17 HOW TO MANAGE WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS Reference: www. timbertech.wkispaces.com Work Health & Safety > How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks 1.2 The meaning of key terms Identify each of the definitions in the table below as either a hazard or a risk.

Term Definition a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used. the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

1.3 Risk Management List the steps involved in conducting risk management by writing the step next to the appropriate definition. Steps: control the risk; assess the risk; review control measure; identify hazards Step Definition 1. a process used to identify possible situations where people may be exposed to injury, illness or disease 2. involves considering what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of it happening. 3. consider various control options and choose the control that most effectively eliminates the hazard or minimises the risk in the circumstances 4. The control measures that you put in place should be reviewed regularly to make sure they work as planned.

1.4 When should a risk management approach be used? List four situations when a risk management should be carried out.  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………

18 2. How to Identify Hazards a) Hazards generally arise from the following aspects of work and their interaction:

 ......  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ……………………………………………………………………………………………… b) List the hazards that may be found the wood work room.  ......  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ......  ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.1 How to find hazards ...... Regularly walking around the workplace and observing how things are done can help you predict what could or might go wrong. Look at how people actually work, how plant and equipment is used, what chemicals are around and what they are used for, what safe or unsafe work practices exist as well as the general state of housekeeping. ………………………………………….. Ask your workers about any health and safety problems they have encountered in doing their work and any near misses or incidents that have not been reported. ………………………………………………… Information and advice about hazards and risks is available from regulators, industry associations, unions, technical specialists and safety consultants. Manufacturers and suppliers can also provide information about hazards and safety precautions for specific substances (safety data sheets), plant or processes (instruction manuals). Analyse your records of health monitoring, workplace incidents, near misses, worker complaints, sick leave and the results of any inspections and investigations to identify hazards. If someone has been hurt doing a particular task, then a hazard exists that could hurt someone else. These incidents need to be investigated to find the hazard that caused the injury or illness.

19 3. How to Assess Risk A risk assessment involves considering what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of it happening. A risk assessment can help you determine:  …………………………………………………………………………………………  …………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………….  ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.2 How to do a risk assessment a) …………………………………………………. Could the hazard cause death, serious injuries, illness or only minor injuries requiring first aid? b) ………………………………………………..

c) ……………………………………………………………….. The likelihood that someone will be harmed can be estimated by considering the following: 1 How often is the task done? Does this make the harm more or less likely? 2 How often are people near the hazard? How close do people get to it? 3 Has it ever happened before, either in your workplace or somewhere else? How often? You can rate the likelihood as one of the following:

expected to occur in most circumstances

will probably occur in most circumstances

might occur occasionally

could happen at some time may happen only in exceptional circumstances The level of risk will increase as the likelihood of harm and its severity increases. 4. How to Control Risks - The hierarchy of risk control List the hierarchy of risk control in order from most effective to least effective.

Most effective Level 1

Level 2

Level 3 Least effective

Level 1 control measures

20 What is the most effective method of controlling a hazard? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Give an example of eliminating a hazard. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Level 2 control measures Give an example for the following level 2 control measures Substitute the hazard with something safer ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Isolate the hazard from people ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Use engineering controls ……………………………………………………………………………………………... Level 3 control measures Give an example for the following level 3 control measures. Use administrative controls ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Use personal protective equipment (PPE) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… When should administrative controls and use of PPE be used as a control measure? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………