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Ecological Impact of Dimilin(Reg. Trademark) (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)- Urea) on the Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh

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Ecological Impact of Dimilin(Reg. Trademark) (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)- Urea) on the Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1976 Ecological Impact of Dimilin(reg. Trademark) (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)- Urea) on the Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh. Joseph Edward Farlow Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Farlow, Joseph Edward, "Ecological Impact of Dimilin(reg. Trademark) (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)-Urea) on the Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh." (1976). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2960. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2960 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" die material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I i ; 76-28,801 FARLOW, Joseph Edward, 1942- ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF D IM IL IH ^ [1 -(4 - CHLOROPHENYL)- 3 - ( 2 , 6-DIFLUOROBENZOYL) - UREA] ON THE AQUATIC FAUNA OF A LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSH. The Louisiana State University and A gricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1976 Entomology Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan48 ioe Ecological Impact Dimilii^ [1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2, 6-difluorobenzoyl)-ureaj on the Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Joseph Edward Farlow B.S., Louisiana State University, 1965 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1968 August, 1976 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT f The author is indebted to Dr. C. D. Steelman, his major professor, for his advice, guidance and encouragement during this study. He also wishes to thank Drs. L. D. Newsom, E. C. Burns, and J. B. Chapin, Department of Entomology, H. C. Chapman, USDA, ARS, K. C. Corkum, Department of Zoology and P. E. Schilling, Departmental of Experimental Statistics for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. The author expresses his deep appreciation to Dr. P. E. Schilling, Departmental of Experimental Statistics and Dr. C. D. Steelman and Mr. T. P. Breaud, Depart­ ment of Entomology for their assistance in the development of the statistical design and the sampling technique, respectively, used in this research. His gratitude is also extended to Mr. Mike Carroll, Graduate Assistant, Department of Botany, for his assistance in conducting the vegetation transects and in plant identification. The author is also indebted to the Thompson Hayward Chemical Company for providing the Dimilin used in this study and to the personnel of the Cameron Parish Mosquito Control District No. 1 for their support. The district personnel provided transportation to the research site and the airplane and the pilot for applying the Dimilin treatments. Appreciation is expressed to Mrs. Sammy Cassano and Mrs. Jeanie O'Neal for typing the manuscript. To his wife Frances goes a special thanks and gratitude for her patience and encouragement throughout the past three years. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE........................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................. iii LIST OF T A B L E S ................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES. .............. viii ABSTRACT...................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................... 3 D i m i l i n ....................... .......................... 3 General.............................................. 3 Synthesis and development........................... 3 Mode of action ...................................... 4 Sensitivity.......................................... 8 Resistance .......................................... 8 Properties .......................................... 7 Persistence............................... 8 Environmental fate ................................. 9 Impact of Dimilin on Selected Organisms.................. 10 Target Culicidae .................................... 10 Other target species ............................... 12 Ephemeroptera and O d o n a t a ......................... 14 Hemiptera............................................ 18 Coleoptera.......................................... 18 Chironomidae ........................................ 17 C r u s t a c e a .............. 18 Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard)................. 20 Other aquatic organisms............................. 20 Field Collection and Laboratory Processing of Samples . 21 iv Page METHODS AND MATERIALS.......................................... 24 Description of Study Area................................. 24 Application of Dimilin ................................. , 32 Sampling Technique....................................... 32 Statistical Analysis ...................................... 37 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......................................... 38 Methodology.............. ................................. 38 Field collection and laboratory processing of samples 38 Statistical Analysis ................................ 39 Species Identification, Seasonal Distribution and Habitat Preference.............. 44 Identification of aquatic organisms ................. 44 Seasonal distribution and density . 44 Habitat preference.................................... 57 Ecological Impact of Dimilin on Aquatic Fauna of a Louisiana Coastal Marsh. .... ......................... 63 Aquatic populations indicating significant reduction following Dimilin treatment ......................... 63 Hyalella azteca (Talitridae) ................... 63 Coenagrionidae nymphs ......................... 68 Trichocorixa louisianae (Corixidae) nymphs . 72 Buenoa spp. (Notonectidae) nymphs............... 78 Berosus infuscatus (Hydrophilidae) adults . 80 Aquatic populations indicating no significant reduction following Dimilin treatment ............... 84 CONCLUSIONS..................................................... 133 LITERATURE CITED................................................ 135 VITA ........................................................... 143 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Climatological data for the period May 1974 through October 1975 as recorded by the weather station at the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge and Game Preserve, Cameron Parish, Louisiana .............................. 26 2. Alphabetical list of predominant plant species found in the Louisiana marsh study site in October 1975 . 28 3. Distribution of plant species recorded in the vegeta­ tion transect (south to north) through the center of the Dimilin treated plot in October 1975............... 29 4. Average water depth in each habitat (grassy vs open) of each experimental plot (control vs treated) in a Louisiana coastal marsh as recorded on the sampling date, 14 May 1974 - 26 October 1975 ............ 31 5. Checklist of aquatic organisms collected in an intermediate marsh in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, 14 May 1974 - 26 October 1975 .......... ^5 6. Average temperature and pH in the control and treated plots in a Louisiana coastal marsh, 14 May 1974 - 26 October 1975.................................
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