2. How Are Some of the Views of the Sorcerer and the Scientist Related?

1. Explain common sense, magic, rational, religion, and science: ways of knowing about the world. 2. How are some of the views of the Sorcerer and the Scientist related? 3. what does it mean to say that scientific observations must be empirical, public, falsifiable, and repeatable? 4. How did a scientific approach help us understand how Clever Hans was able to answer so many questions? 5. What is Internal Validity? 6. What is External Validity? 7. Explain why research with high internal validity would tend to have low external validity. Also explain why research with high external validity would tend to have low internal validity 8. What is phenomenology? Provide an example of this methodology 9. What are Case studies? 10. What are the benefits of using the Case study method? 11. What is the difference between Naturalistic and Systematic Observation? 12. Explain the issues of reactivity and inter-rater reliability as they apply to Field Studies. 13. What is Survey Research? Is it a qualitative or quantitative method? 14. Explain the difference between Probability and Non-Probability Sampling. Which is the better method and why? Which is used most often and why? 15. Explain how you would achieve a Stratified Sample 16. Explain how you would achieve a Cluster Sample 17. Under what circumstances would you use the sampling techniques in question 20 and 21? 18. Why would a researcher want to use a correlational design? 19. Are there any variables that are manipulated in a correlational study? Explain your answer. 20. If I told you that the cost of your car and your income were positively correlated could you draw a graph of this function? You must label your axes. 21. Which is stronger, a correlation of +.23 or a correlation of -.35. Draw me two scatter plots that would illustrate both the direction and strength of each of these correlations. 22. Explain why correlations do not imply causality. Be sure to discuss the direction of causality problem, and the 3rd variable problem. 23. What is a cross-lagged panel design? Why is it used? Provide an example of one including a diagram of how it is set up. 24. What is an ex post facto study? Provide an example. Does an Ex Post Facto study have high internal validity? Explain why or why not. 25. Compare and Contrast Longitudinal and Cross-sectional designs 26. What is the single-group pretest-posttest design?