Vincent Williamson Dr. Bush

Vincent Williamson Dr. Bush EMAT681 March 2011

GACE Study Guide

SS5H4 The student will describe U.S. involvement in World War I and post-World War I America. a. Explain how German attacks on U.S. shipping during the war in Europe (1914-1917) ultimately led the U.S. to join the fight against Germany; include the sinking of the Lusitania and concerns over safety of U.S. ships, U.S. contributions to the war, and the impact of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. b. Describe the cultural developments and individual contributions in the 1920s of the Jazz Age (Louis Armstrong), the Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes), baseball (Babe Ruth), the automobile (Henry Ford), and the airplane (Charles Lindbergh).

World War 1 U.S. Shipping before Entry into War (1914-1917): U.S. officially neutral but sold supplies to Allies (Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Japan) and Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria); (May 17, 1915): British passenger ship Lusitania sunk by Germany with loss of British and American lives. Subsequent reduction in German attacks on American shipping; (April 6, 1917): After Germany resumes unrestricted submarine attacks, U.S. Congress officially declared on Germany. http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/usawardeclaration.htm http://www.worldwaronecolorphotos.com/html/links.html

U.S. Contributions to World War 1 (1914 on): American bank loans to Allies and Central Powers; U.S. manufacturing geared towards war: exports to Europe rose from $1.4 billion to $4.062 billion; American Red Cross offered medical aid; U.S. government donated food to war torn Belgium; (1917-1918): U.S. military offensives in France and Belgium at Bellau Wood, the Marne, Saint-Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne; Troop segregation: African American troops fought with French; Total number of U.S. troops served in war: 4,734,991 http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_pershing_1.html ; http://www.fas.org/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Rockoff.WWI ; http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwi/articles/fightingforrespect.aspx http://www.suite101.com/content/effect-of-loans-trade-on-us-entry-in-war-1917-a81130 Kent, Z. (1994). World War 1: “The war to end wars”. Springfield, NJ.: Enslow Publishers, Inc.

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) Germany viewed as chief cause of war causing lasting bitterness (Article 231, “War Guilt Clause”); Serbia, Montenegro, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires dissolved; new nations emerge: Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Yugoslavia; German demilitarization and reparations payments to France and Belgium; Treaty contributes to rise of nationalism and militarism in Europe and Japan, German rearmament (post-1933), and helped sow the seeds for World War II (1939); Williamson 2 http://www.greatwar.nl/versailles/versail-summary.html ; http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm ; http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005425 Kent, Z. (1994). World War 1: “The war to end wars”. Springfield, NJ.: Enslow Publishers, Inc. Williamson 3 Jazz Age (1920s) Cultural Developments Individual Contributions

(1920): 19th Amendment; Prohibition (18th Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong (1901–1971) Amendment) officially began; (Mid-1920s): First great jazz soloist. Known for (1920s): Rise of mass entertainment culture in film, innovative jazz playing was a featured band player phonograph music, radio, and sports; in Chicago and New York; (1925): Scopes Monkey Trial, Dayton, TN; (1925): Invented the art of scat singing; (1920-1930): Harlem Renaissance signaled cultural (1929): Sang his first popular hit “Ain’t Misbehavin’'” advances in black literature, music, film, and theater, in Hot Chocolates theatre review. and stressed political equality and self-reliance. http://www.biography.com/articles/Louis-Armstrong- http://www.biography.com/blackhistory/harlem- 9188912?part=0 Life magazine renaissance.jsp http://www.notablebiographies.com/An- 1926 http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_dis Ba/Armstrong-Louis.html play.cfm?HHID=437 http://reading.cornell.edu/reading_project_06/gatsby /jazz_age.htm

Langston Hughes (1902–1967) George Herman “Babe” Ruth (1895–1948) Prolific writer of essays and poetry including “The (1919) Joined NY Yankees after leaving the Boston Negro Speaks of Rivers” Red Sox; (1925): Poem “The Weary Blues,” won first prize in (1920): Scored 54 homeruns; Opportunity magazine literary contest; (1923): Led team to its first World Series win, and (1926): Published his first volume of poetry, The named MVP; Weary Blues; (1927): Set a new homerun record of 60; http://www.biography.com/articles/Langston- (1920s): Helped the Yankees win 7 pennants and 4 Hughes-9346313 World Series Titles. http://www.kansasheritage.org/crossingboundaries/p http://www.baberuth.com/biography/ ; age6e1.html http://www.biography.com/articles/Babe-Ruth- 9468009

Charles Lindbergh (1902 – 1974) http://www (May 1923): Flew his 1st solo flight from Souther Field .charleslin in Americus, GA to Montgomery, AL; dbergh.co (May 10-11, 1927): Flew Spirit of St. Louis from St. m/history/i Louis to New York City, in 20 hours 21 minutes; ndex.asp (May 20-21, 1927): First successful transatlantic flight between NYC and Paris (3,600 miles in 33½ hours); (1920s): Flight led to inauguration of airmail service, rise of airline companies on routes scouted by Lindbergh, and passenger flights; http://www.biography.com/articles/Charles- Lindbergh-9382609 Williamson 4 Henry http://www.nps.gov/history/nR/travel/atlanta/text.htm# Ford (1863 sto – 1947) (1921): Ford produced 55 percent of U.S. auto industry’s total output; (Mid 1920s): Interested in possibilities of air transportati on, including single passenger, mail- delivery, and Tri- Motor airplanes; Located SW region auto plant in central Atlanta http://www. biography.c om/articles/ Henry- Ford- 9298747 http://www. hfmgv.org/e xhibits/hf/ http://www. hfmgv.org/e xhibits/hf/ch rono.asp