The Work of Gregor Mendel

Biology Name: Intro to Genetics 11-1, 11-2 Notes

Genetics: The scientific study of ______

Terms to Know

Fertilization- The process where male and female ______unite.

True-breeding- Self- ______produces ______

Cross-pollination- Pollen from one flower fertilizes a second ______flower producing ______

Trait- A specific ______that varies from one ______to another.

Mendel’s experiment:

Step 1: Create a Pure Generation

Give an example of his pea plant pure generation:

Step 2:

Give an example and data from his pea plants:

F1= First ______= true breeding offspring

Hybrid= The offspring of crosses between parents with different ______.

Step 3:

Give example and data from his F2 pea plants:

Mendel’s Conclusions: Biological inheritance is determined by ______that are passed from one generation to the next. Every trait is controlled by one ______that occurs in 2 contrasting forms called ______.

Vocabulary

Genes- A sequence of ______that codes for a ______and thus determines a trait.

Alleles- Different forms of a ______.

Principle of Dominance -Alleles are ______or ______.

-An organism with a ______allele for a trait will ______exhibit that form of the trait.

-An organism with a ______allele for a trait will exhibit that form only if the dominant allele is ______present.

**In Mendel’s experiment with flower color: Which color was dominant? ______Which color was recessive? ______Important Vocabulary:

Capital letters = ______trait Lower case letters= ______trait.

Homozygous- Having two ______alleles for a particular trait. (aka ______)

Heterozygous-Having two ______alleles for a particular trait. (aka ______)

Phenotype- ______characteristics Genotype- ______make up

Probability- The ______that a particular event will occur.

Punnett square- ______used to show genetic combinations from a cross. Used to predict and compare genetic variations that ______occur.

Law of Segregation:

Segregation = ______Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently. Each gamete carries a ______copy of each ______.