Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996

Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 7,757 30 576 1,425 1,804 2,010 1,264 648 30 to 34 years...... 5,918 28 603 1,250 1,577 1,233 719 508 35 to 39 years...... 4,686 26 683 1,052 1,194 849 384 498 40 to 44 years...... 4,122 29 734 1,085 971 603 251 449 45 to 49 years...... 3,498 38 975 857 688 377 197 366 50 to 54 years...... 3,310 63 1,164 763 654 264 136 266 55 to 59 years...... 3,008 58 1,134 643 609 262 122 180 60 to 64 years...... 2,562 68 1,193 501 431 164 98 107 65 to 69 years...... 1,971 67 937 359 331 145 61 71 70 to 74 years...... 1,370 39 772 240 184 71 36 28 75 to 79 years...... 903 41 523 168 101 38 20 12 80 to 84 years...... 487 23 303 62 62 17 11 9 85 years and over . . . . . 317 25 205 35 30 13 5 4 Median...... 41.9 59.6 55.7 42.3 38.9 34.1 32.7 39.2 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 22.7 87.7 60.5 18.6 14.8 7.9 7.4 7.8 Total dependency...... 22.7 87.7 60.5 18.6 14.8 7.9 7.4 7.8

Males...... 19,553 285 4,449 3,950 4,301 2,939 1,758 1,871 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 3,972 19 329 749 925 967 648 335 30 to 34 years...... 3,009 17 324 629 779 596 364 300 35 to 39 years...... 2,244 14 357 467 528 396 210 272 40 to 44 years...... 1,933 15 336 439 449 296 130 268 45 to 49 years...... 1,606 19 367 371 351 159 106 233 50 to 54 years...... 1,548 35 479 325 313 133 85 178 55 to 59 years...... 1,500 30 532 311 311 125 69 122 60 to 64 years...... 1,289 40 559 238 224 96 60 72 65 to 69 years...... 995 31 434 166 192 79 37 56 70 to 74 years...... 691 23 337 123 117 50 22 19 75 to 79 years...... 439 18 215 88 65 28 16 9 80 to 84 years...... 207 10 113 32 33 5 9 5 85 years and over . . . . . 120 14 67 12 14 9 2 2 Median...... 41.4 58.9 55.3 41.5 39.2 34.2 33.2 40.5 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 23.7 91.3 63.3 20.0 17.6 10.0 9.1 9.5 Total dependency...... 23.7 91.3 63.3 20.0 17.6 10.0 9.1 9.5

Females...... 20,356 250 5,353 4,490 4,335 3,107 1,546 1,275 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 3,785 11 247 676 879 1,043 616 313 30 to 34 years...... 2,909 11 279 621 798 637 355 208 35 to 39 years...... 2,442 12 326 585 666 453 174 226 40 to 44 years...... 2,189 14 398 646 522 307 121 181 45 to 49 years...... 1,892 19 608 486 337 218 91 133 50 to 54 years...... 1,762 28 685 438 341 131 51 88 55 to 59 years...... 1,508 28 602 332 298 137 53 58 60 to 64 years...... 1,273 28 634 263 207 68 38 35 65 to 69 years...... 976 36 503 193 139 66 24 15 70 to 74 years...... 679 16 435 117 67 21 14 9 75 to 79 years...... 464 23 308 80 36 10 4 3 80 to 84 years...... 280 13 190 30 29 12 2 4 85 years and over . . . . . 197 11 138 23 16 4 3 2 Median...... 42.4 60.4 56.1 42.8 38.7 34.0 32.2 37.6 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 21.8 84.1 58.4 17.4 12.2 6.0 5.7 5.5 Total dependency...... 21.8 84.1 58.4 17.4 12.2 6.0 5.7 5.5 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 38,718 517 9,731 8,356 8,541 5,908 3,115 2,550 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 1,582 8 103 306 351 450 262 102 26...... 1,732 6 119 301 408 470 310 118 27...... 1,571 4 120 286 371 415 242 133 28...... 1,488 3 113 282 373 357 242 118 29...... 1,214 7 114 236 294 286 180 97 30...... 1,433 5 125 295 391 313 196 108 31...... 1,204 3 114 282 320 245 155 85 32...... 1,050 6 117 221 284 232 114 76 33...... 1,053 5 121 218 303 214 112 80 34...... 1,000 6 118 225 264 206 103 78 35...... 896 4 131 177 249 175 82 78 36...... 1,060 9 139 219 315 193 94 91 37...... 866 2 141 225 211 161 59 67 38...... 864 5 145 212 205 156 59 82 39...... 803 5 122 208 192 136 51 89 40...... 816 6 147 212 192 126 53 80 41...... 809 4 146 229 187 116 39 88 42...... 787 4 141 216 185 122 45 74 43...... 759 4 137 198 188 123 50 59 44...... 792 7 157 215 202 102 46 63 45...... 657 7 155 159 147 75 44 70 46...... 754 8 214 186 151 80 43 72 47...... 616 4 178 146 140 65 29 54 48...... 694 11 210 183 127 73 35 55 49...... 656 7 211 173 116 68 33 48 50...... 773 14 261 180 158 79 24 57 51...... 707 10 237 182 152 60 27 39 52...... 519 11 179 123 112 32 29 33 53...... 564 11 220 116 116 45 23 33 54...... 634 13 261 158 110 42 17 33 55...... 540 7 199 111 119 48 19 37 56...... 705 19 263 169 143 60 29 22 57...... 569 8 195 140 127 50 22 27 58...... 601 16 251 115 118 56 19 26 59...... 510 8 219 103 96 44 21 19 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 578 16 263 112 114 36 16 21 61...... 440 13 197 99 76 29 8 18 62...... 490 12 241 85 80 36 27 9 63...... 454 10 201 97 78 38 15 15 64...... 526 17 281 101 76 20 19 12 65...... 433 16 197 90 76 33 12 9 66...... 452 12 220 83 80 38 12 7 67...... 345 15 165 64 61 22 8 10 68...... 356 14 173 61 62 27 8 11 69...... 338 9 178 59 49 19 13 11 70...... 363 10 196 66 53 22 13 3 71...... 232 9 129 41 32 14 3 4 72...... 282 7 169 49 33 12 9 3 73...... 224 4 134 36 30 11 5 4 74...... 245 9 140 45 33 10 5 3 75...... 221 13 127 39 29 7 2 4 76...... 222 11 123 44 26 9 7 2 77...... 132 3 80 29 10 6 3 1 78...... 204 12 129 28 19 10 4 2 79...... 111 1 61 25 16 5 2 1 80...... 115 5 67 18 18 4 2 1 81...... 99 6 68 12 8 2 2 1 82...... 95 4 60 10 14 4 1 2 83...... 72 6 38 8 11 4 4 1 84...... 99 1 70 13 10 2 2 1 85...... 58 4 36 5 4 5 3 1 86...... 56 2 37 4 8 4 - 1 87...... 32 1 21 5 5 - - - 88...... 45 4 29 5 4 2 1 - 89...... 18 3 11 3 - 1 - - 90...... 13 - 11 2 - - - - 91...... 19 3 9 4 3 - - - 92...... 10 2 6 2 - - - - 93...... 21 2 12 2 3 1 - 1 94...... 11 1 9 1 - - - - 95...... 5 1 2 2 - - - - 96...... 16 2 13 - 1 - - - 97...... 2 - - - 1 - 1 - 98 or more...... 6 - 5 - 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 19,834 247 5,317 4,444 4,290 3,040 1,461 1,035 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 744 4 45 129 156 221 136 53 26...... 860 2 53 149 193 248 149 66 27...... 763 1 41 129 185 220 121 66 28...... 748 - 54 154 189 191 113 47 29...... 587 4 51 107 154 146 85 40 30...... 707 1 58 153 194 159 93 49 31...... 566 1 49 132 157 111 83 33 32...... 506 6 57 95 138 117 61 32 33...... 553 2 48 115 187 125 47 29 34...... 494 1 62 122 115 115 49 30 35...... 488 2 77 89 151 93 35 41 36...... 557 6 55 132 172 110 45 37 37...... 433 1 51 125 115 85 28 28 38...... 456 2 74 122 112 83 27 36 39...... 410 1 68 110 106 65 21 39 40...... 427 3 74 124 99 69 25 33 41...... 436 1 83 129 105 57 20 41 42...... 406 1 70 127 96 61 20 31 43...... 397 3 78 120 97 56 20 23 44...... 458 4 90 140 115 56 27 26 45...... 345 5 92 86 68 46 25 23 46...... 408 3 124 111 75 45 18 32 47...... 344 2 122 82 70 40 7 21 48...... 369 6 128 104 61 37 16 17 49...... 374 3 138 97 60 43 20 13 50...... 419 10 160 104 81 38 8 18 51...... 377 3 140 95 78 34 14 13 52...... 277 3 104 76 56 18 8 12 53...... 304 5 134 65 64 19 6 11 54...... 352 7 144 95 59 20 11 16 55...... 271 2 113 58 53 24 8 13 56...... 359 10 137 93 70 33 10 6 57...... 295 5 96 74 71 32 10 7 58...... 302 8 151 53 53 22 9 6 59...... 247 3 102 52 47 24 12 7 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 282 5 135 55 58 15 6 8 61...... 227 5 112 50 37 14 2 7 62...... 250 5 125 46 45 17 10 2 63...... 214 5 107 47 28 17 7 3 64...... 269 8 149 62 37 4 6 3 65...... 226 8 104 52 39 18 5 - 66...... 228 8 118 45 34 18 3 2 67...... 162 8 77 36 27 9 2 3 68...... 161 5 94 30 18 10 4 - 69...... 177 7 107 28 19 9 6 1 70...... 189 6 119 32 19 6 6 1 71...... 101 4 61 20 9 4 1 2 72...... 162 3 114 24 12 5 3 1 73...... 109 - 71 17 14 4 3 - 74...... 111 3 69 23 12 2 1 1 75...... 104 6 73 14 9 - 1 1 76...... 106 7 68 19 6 3 2 1 77...... 72 2 47 18 2 3 - - 78...... 124 7 91 15 9 2 - - 79...... 52 - 29 11 9 2 1 - 80...... 65 2 42 11 7 3 - - 81...... 47 5 33 3 4 2 - - 82...... 62 3 45 4 6 2 - 2 83...... 43 2 27 4 7 2 1 - 84...... 60 1 43 7 5 2 1 1 85...... 30 1 22 2 2 2 1 - 86...... 32 1 24 2 3 1 - 1 87...... 22 1 16 4 1 - - - 88...... 28 2 19 4 2 - 1 - 89...... 8 2 6 - - - - - 90...... 9 - 7 2 - - - - 91...... 9 1 3 2 3 - - - 92...... 6 1 3 2 - - - - 93...... 12 - 7 2 2 1 - - 94...... 9 - 8 1 - - - - 95...... 4 - 2 2 - - - - 96...... 15 2 12 - 1 - - - 97...... 2 - - - 1 - 1 - 98 or more...... 6 - 5 - 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 18,884 270 4,414 3,912 4,251 2,868 1,654 1,515 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 838 4 58 177 195 229 126 49 26...... 872 4 66 152 215 222 161 52 27...... 808 3 79 157 186 195 121 67 28...... 740 3 59 128 184 166 129 71 29...... 627 3 63 129 140 140 95 57 30...... 726 4 67 142 197 154 103 59 31...... 638 2 65 150 163 134 72 52 32...... 544 - 60 126 146 115 53 44 33...... 500 3 73 103 116 89 65 51 34...... 506 5 56 103 149 91 54 48 35...... 408 2 54 88 98 82 47 37 36...... 503 3 84 87 143 83 49 54 37...... 433 1 90 100 96 76 31 39 38...... 408 3 71 90 93 73 32 46 39...... 393 4 54 98 86 71 30 50 40...... 389 3 73 88 93 57 28 47 41...... 373 3 63 100 82 59 19 47 42...... 381 3 71 89 89 61 25 43 43...... 362 1 59 78 91 67 30 36 44...... 334 3 67 75 87 46 19 37 45...... 312 2 63 73 79 29 19 47 46...... 346 5 90 75 76 35 25 40 47...... 272 2 56 64 70 25 22 33 48...... 325 5 82 79 66 36 19 38 49...... 282 4 73 76 56 25 13 35 50...... 354 4 101 76 77 41 16 39 51...... 330 7 97 87 74 26 13 26 52...... 242 8 75 47 56 14 21 21 53...... 260 6 86 51 52 26 17 22 54...... 282 6 117 63 51 22 6 17 55...... 269 5 86 53 66 24 11 24 56...... 346 9 126 76 73 27 19 16 57...... 274 3 99 66 56 18 12 20 58...... 299 8 100 62 65 34 10 20 59...... 263 5 117 51 49 20 9 12 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 296 11 128 57 56 21 10 13 61...... 213 8 85 49 39 15 6 11 62...... 240 7 116 39 35 19 17 7 63...... 240 5 94 50 50 21 8 12 64...... 257 9 132 39 39 16 13 9 65...... 207 8 93 38 37 15 7 9 66...... 224 4 102 38 46 20 9 5 67...... 183 7 88 28 34 13 6 7 68...... 195 9 79 31 44 17 4 11 69...... 161 2 71 31 30 10 7 10 70...... 174 4 77 34 34 16 7 2 71...... 131 5 68 21 23 10 2 2 72...... 120 4 55 25 21 7 6 2 73...... 115 4 63 19 16 7 2 4 74...... 134 6 71 22 21 8 4 2 75...... 117 7 54 25 20 7 1 3 76...... 116 4 55 25 20 6 5 1 77...... 60 1 33 11 8 3 3 1 78...... 80 5 38 13 10 8 4 2 79...... 59 1 32 14 7 3 1 1 80...... 50 3 25 7 11 1 2 1 81...... 52 1 35 9 4 - 2 1 82...... 33 1 15 6 8 2 1 - 83...... 29 4 11 4 4 2 3 1 84...... 39 - 27 6 5 - 1 - 85...... 28 3 14 3 2 3 2 1 86...... 24 1 13 2 5 3 - - 87...... 10 - 5 1 4 - - - 88...... 17 2 10 1 2 2 - - 89...... 10 1 5 3 - 1 - - 90...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 91...... 10 2 6 2 - - - - 92...... 4 1 3 - - - - - 93...... 9 2 5 - 1 - - 1 94...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 95...... 1 1 ------96...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 Head...... 15,748 253 4,450 3,248 3,293 1,967 1,056 1,481 Spouse...... 10,336 107 2,683 2,500 2,259 1,532 694 561 Son ...... 3,007 23 348 615 720 638 421 242 Daughter...... 2,850 21 341 486 710 668 366 258 Brother ...... 532 9 144 104 105 86 58 26 Sister...... 536 6 139 115 123 79 36 38 Child of spouse ...... 864 4 91 199 207 191 116 56 Grandchild...... 244 2 20 49 66 50 38 19 Father...... 126 6 71 19 15 8 4 3 Mother...... 474 15 297 83 52 18 7 2 Parent of spouse...... 288 16 182 40 30 10 5 5 Other relatives ...... 2,369 42 555 484 525 371 250 142 No relation ...... 2,535 31 481 498 531 428 253 313 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 Tongan...... 38,179 507 9,637 8,247 8,429 5,833 3,049 2,477 Part-Tongan ...... 539 10 94 109 112 75 66 73 European...... 527 1 14 14 27 42 87 342 Fijian...... 141 2 19 17 24 20 21 38 Samoan...... 62 2 5 13 7 13 12 10 Indian...... 53 4 5 4 5 10 7 18 Chinese ...... 43 - 2 5 1 8 11 16 Japanese...... 27 - 1 1 - - 5 20 Other Pacific Islands . . . 132 4 13 12 16 17 19 51 Other Asian ...... 200 5 12 18 13 26 27 99 Not elsewhere specified . . 6 - - - 2 2 - 2 Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 FWC ...... 17,183 219 3,858 3,635 3,961 2,600 1,503 1,407 Catholic...... 6,014 78 1,611 1,182 1,192 988 494 469 LDS ...... 4,585 52 927 985 1,016 822 491 292 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 4,716 73 1,529 1,118 944 593 256 203 Church of Tonga ...... 2,958 63 1,098 687 594 293 126 97 Tokaikolo ...... 1,188 9 260 262 311 182 86 78 Anglican...... 420 2 34 56 79 71 69 109 SDA ...... 959 12 172 181 186 209 90 109 AOG ...... 416 3 64 113 97 76 36 27 Tonga Konisituto...... 384 7 110 71 70 63 24 39 Gospel Church ...... 22 - 7 4 6 1 1 3 Bahai Faith ...... 272 2 57 58 60 44 28 23 Moslem...... 25 - 4 1 3 3 8 6 Hindu ...... 44 1 5 5 6 8 7 12 Buddhist...... 16 - - - - 5 1 10 Others...... 502 4 56 63 102 67 61 149 Refuse to answer...... 36 1 1 3 2 1 4 24 None...... 169 9 9 16 7 20 19 89 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 18,884 270 4,414 3,912 4,251 2,868 1,654 1,515 Never married ...... 3,656 55 654 713 815 665 469 285 Married ...... 14,167 178 3,296 2,998 3,250 2,115 1,143 1,187 Widowed ...... 711 30 361 120 121 37 16 26 Divorced or separated . . . 349 7 103 81 65 50 26 17 Not stated...... 1 - - - - 1 - -

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 19,834 247 5,317 4,444 4,290 3,040 1,461 1,035 Never married ...... 2,870 32 450 472 616 612 366 322 Married ...... 14,403 143 3,599 3,457 3,267 2,255 1,028 654 Widowed ...... 2,043 66 1,139 373 291 107 42 25 Divorced or separated . . . 518 6 129 142 116 66 25 34 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 Tonga ...... 38,690 521 9,746 8,366 8,544 5,906 3,092 2,515 Tongatapu ...... 18,221 243 3,818 4,001 4,107 2,943 1,737 1,372 Vava'u...... 9,106 108 2,262 1,901 2,106 1,500 695 534 Ha'apai ...... 7,737 96 2,416 1,657 1,649 992 484 443 Eua ...... 1,737 19 444 444 363 264 100 103 Niuas ...... 1,889 55 806 363 319 207 76 63 Elsewhere ...... 1,219 14 56 74 92 140 212 631

Males ...... 19,553 285 4,449 3,950 4,301 2,939 1,758 1,871 Tonga ...... 18,870 274 4,425 3,910 4,246 2,871 1,639 1,505 Tongatapu ...... 8,937 131 1,766 1,865 2,067 1,400 908 800 Vava'u...... 4,467 60 1,064 886 995 759 366 337 Ha'apai ...... 3,698 43 1,005 775 855 476 272 272 Eua ...... 835 9 214 217 165 128 46 56 Niuas ...... 933 31 376 167 164 108 47 40 Elsewhere ...... 683 11 24 40 55 68 119 366

Females ...... 20,356 250 5,353 4,490 4,335 3,107 1,546 1,275 Tonga ...... 19,820 247 5,321 4,456 4,298 3,035 1,453 1,010 Tongatapu ...... 9,284 112 2,052 2,136 2,040 1,543 829 572 Vava'u...... 4,639 48 1,198 1,015 1,111 741 329 197 Ha'apai ...... 4,039 53 1,411 882 794 516 212 171 Eua ...... 902 10 230 227 198 136 54 47 Niuas ...... 956 24 430 196 155 99 29 23 Elsewhere ...... 536 3 32 34 37 72 93 265

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 39,909 535 9,802 8,440 8,636 6,046 3,304 3,146 Tonga ...... 39,153 528 9,740 8,388 8,527 5,954 3,191 2,825 Tongatapu ...... 25,934 295 5,404 5,376 5,779 4,228 2,518 2,334 Vava'u...... 6,632 104 1,893 1,405 1,482 1,045 432 271 Ha'apai ...... 3,608 58 1,368 883 716 346 144 93 Eua ...... 2,043 37 663 550 389 246 59 99 Niuas ...... 936 34 412 174 161 89 38 28 Elsewhere ...... 756 7 62 52 109 92 113 321

Males ...... 19,553 285 4,449 3,950 4,301 2,939 1,758 1,871 Tonga ...... 19,160 280 4,429 3,928 4,255 2,900 1,701 1,667 Tongatapu ...... 12,623 153 2,374 2,493 2,867 2,011 1,345 1,380 Vava'u...... 3,254 62 905 663 736 516 222 150 Ha'apai ...... 1,726 26 609 413 360 180 76 62 Eua ...... 1,060 18 329 281 206 140 31 55 Niuas ...... 497 21 212 78 86 53 27 20 Elsewhere ...... 393 5 20 22 46 39 57 204

Females ...... 20,356 250 5,353 4,490 4,335 3,107 1,546 1,275 Tonga ...... 19,993 248 5,311 4,460 4,272 3,054 1,490 1,158 Tongatapu ...... 13,311 142 3,030 2,883 2,912 2,217 1,173 954 Vava'u...... 3,378 42 988 742 746 529 210 121 Ha'apai ...... 1,882 32 759 470 356 166 68 31 Eua ...... 983 19 334 269 183 106 28 44 Niuas ...... 439 13 200 96 75 36 11 8 Elsewhere ...... 363 2 42 30 63 53 56 117 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Kingdom of Tonga ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

Persons 5 to 24 years. . . . ------Primary school...... ------Secondary or above...... ------In school ...... ------Primary school...... ------Secondary or above...... ------Not in school ...... ------Primary school...... ------Secondary or above...... ------

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 38,718 517 9,731 8,356 8,541 5,908 3,115 2,550 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 10,248 517 9,731 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 8,356 - - 8,356 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 14,449 - - - 8,541 5,908 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 3,115 - - - - - 3,115 - Tertiary...... 2,550 ------2,550 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 51.9 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 23,720 249 5,127 4,798 5,127 3,893 2,312 2,214 No qualification...... 3,229 235 2,925 31 18 10 6 4 Primary school...... 11,112 13 2,197 4,750 3,532 605 13 2 Lower leavers ...... 545 - - 14 324 168 39 - Tonga high learn...... 2,888 - 2 3 1,239 1,405 235 4 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 2,731 1 3 - 10 1,665 1,046 6 University entr/PSSC...... 869 - - - - 21 841 7 Form 7 Certificate...... 80 - - - - - 71 9 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 277 - - - 2 5 6 264 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 1,189 - - - 2 13 37 1,137 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 646 - - - - - 16 630 Post graduate certificate . . . . 12 ------12 Post graduate diploma ...... 14 ------14 Post graduate masters ...... 103 - - - - 1 - 102 Post graduate PhD ...... 23 - - - - - 2 21 Others...... 2 ------2 None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 38,718 517 9,731 8,356 8,541 5,908 3,115 2,550 Literate in English and Tongan. . 26,066 53 1,996 5,211 7,560 5,671 3,066 2,509 Literate in English only. . . . . 163 1 69 37 17 11 9 19 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 11,985 413 7,413 3,019 905 195 29 11 Illiterate...... 503 50 253 89 59 30 11 11 Not requested ...... 1 - - - - 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Kingdom of Tonga ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 19,834 247 5,317 4,444 4,290 3,040 1,461 1,035 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 5,564 247 5,317 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 4,444 - - 4,444 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 7,330 - - - 4,290 3,040 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 1,461 - - - - - 1,461 - Tertiary...... 1,035 ------1,035 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 49.5 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 8,963 78 1,996 1,768 1,752 1,543 931 895 No qualification...... 1,185 72 1,091 11 7 2 1 1 Primary school...... 4,028 5 902 1,753 1,154 205 8 1 Lower leavers ...... 178 - - 4 107 55 12 - Tonga high learn...... 1,115 - 2 - 476 547 88 2 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 1,159 1 1 - 6 719 429 3 University entr/PSSC...... 353 - - - - 6 345 2 Form 7 Certificate...... 29 - - - - - 26 3 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 117 - - - 1 2 3 111 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 520 - - - 1 7 16 496 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 237 - - - - - 3 234 Post graduate certificate . . . . 3 ------3 Post graduate diploma ...... 3 ------3 Post graduate masters ...... 30 ------30 Post graduate PhD ...... 5 ------5 Others...... 1 ------1 None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 19,834 247 5,317 4,444 4,290 3,040 1,461 1,035 Literate in English and Tongan. . 13,021 27 1,101 2,726 3,792 2,925 1,435 1,015 Literate in English only. . . . . 94 - 42 19 11 7 4 11 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 6,480 199 4,047 1,660 454 96 17 7 Illiterate...... 239 21 127 39 33 12 5 2 Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 38,718 517 9,731 8,356 8,541 5,908 3,115 2,550 Economically active . . . . 25,753 271 5,564 5,288 5,615 4,241 2,497 2,277 Employed full/part time . 10,613 29 742 1,113 2,191 2,527 1,887 2,124 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 7,170 143 2,331 2,058 1,629 739 223 47 Mainly housework. . . . . 5,871 76 2,051 1,618 1,294 606 195 31 Temporarily absent. . . . 66 1 3 9 13 21 7 12 Unemployed...... 2,033 22 437 490 488 348 185 63 Economically inactive . . . 12,965 246 4,167 3,068 2,926 1,667 618 273 Housework only...... 9,764 117 2,635 2,569 2,449 1,420 475 99 Student only...... 180 - 4 4 13 35 43 81 Retired ...... 2,504 100 1,331 395 363 162 82 71 Disabled/handicapped. . . 404 25 169 77 73 40 10 10 Other and not stated. . . 113 4 28 23 28 10 8 12

Females 15+ years. . . 19,834 247 5,317 4,444 4,290 3,040 1,461 1,035 Economically active . . . . 9,419 80 2,080 1,859 1,841 1,653 994 912 Employed full/part time . 3,500 6 93 189 559 1,009 776 868 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 929 16 342 275 200 73 19 4 Mainly housework. . . . . 4,517 56 1,561 1,303 990 455 134 18 Temporarily absent. . . . 17 - - 1 3 6 2 5 Unemployed...... 456 2 84 91 89 110 63 17 Economically inactive . . . 10,415 167 3,237 2,585 2,449 1,387 467 123 Housework only...... 8,889 104 2,362 2,354 2,260 1,302 429 78 Student only...... 47 - 2 3 5 9 9 19 Retired ...... 1,268 52 785 189 138 60 23 21 Disabled/handicapped. . . 180 8 80 34 40 14 3 1 Other and not stated. . . 31 3 8 5 6 2 3 4

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 13,041 219 4,382 3,676 2,923 1,345 418 78 Own/family use/Never sell 7,152 128 2,371 1,983 1,571 768 282 49 Occasionally sell . . . . 4,837 80 1,649 1,417 1,114 455 100 22 Regularly sell...... 1,052 11 362 276 238 122 36 7 Farming and gardening . . . 6,855 137 2,199 1,892 1,566 749 254 58 Own/family use/Never sell 3,865 87 1,205 1,061 873 439 167 33 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,470 44 827 708 572 238 62 19 Regularly sell...... 520 6 167 123 121 72 25 6 Fishing ...... 789 13 300 213 173 73 16 1 Own/family use/Never sell 204 5 95 43 41 15 5 - Occasionally sell . . . . 373 5 124 116 84 36 8 - Regularly sell...... 212 3 81 54 48 22 3 1 Weaving ...... 5,388 69 1,880 1,570 1,181 521 148 19 Own/family use/Never sell 3,080 36 1,070 878 657 313 110 16 Occasionally sell . . . . 1,993 31 698 593 458 180 30 3 Regularly sell...... 315 2 112 99 66 28 8 -

Females 15 years and over 5,446 72 1,903 1,578 1,190 528 153 22 Own/family use/Never sell 3,117 38 1,081 885 660 320 114 19 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,013 32 711 595 462 179 31 3 Regularly sell...... 316 2 111 98 68 29 8 - Farming and gardening . . . 77 2 27 18 11 11 5 3 Own/family use/Never sell 49 2 15 10 7 8 4 3 Occasionally sell . . . . 25 - 12 7 4 1 1 - Regularly sell...... 3 - - 1 - 2 - - Fishing ...... 26 1 15 4 5 1 - - Own/family use/Never sell 7 - 3 3 - 1 - - Occasionally sell . . . . 10 1 5 1 3 - - - Regularly sell...... 9 - 7 - 2 - - - Weaving ...... 5,339 69 1,860 1,555 1,173 515 148 19 Own/family use/Never sell 3,058 36 1,062 871 653 310 110 16 Occasionally sell . . . . 1,978 31 694 587 455 178 30 3 Regularly sell...... 303 2 104 97 65 27 8 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Kingdom of Tonga ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 23,720 249 5,127 4,798 5,127 3,893 2,312 2,214 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 527 1 21 31 74 71 76 253 Professionals ...... 1,920 1 56 46 149 225 232 1,211 Techn. & associated techs . 1,634 1 41 37 248 480 421 406 Clerks...... 1,613 1 11 30 199 600 627 145 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 1,321 2 87 153 394 430 213 42 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 7,767 149 2,520 2,133 1,790 843 274 58 Craft & related trades workers 6,811 77 2,030 1,860 1,615 871 296 62 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 893 2 110 241 312 158 57 13 Elementary occupations. . . 1,041 15 250 257 303 144 62 10 Armed forces...... 193 - 1 10 43 71 54 14

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 23,720 249 5,127 4,798 5,127 3,893 2,312 2,214 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 6,876 132 2,204 1,896 1,580 749 254 61 Fishing ...... 888 16 317 236 196 92 25 6 Mining and quarrying. . . . 35 - 5 3 13 8 3 3 Manufacturing ...... 5,714 73 1,916 1,629 1,265 592 198 41 Utilities ...... 400 1 19 37 113 113 76 41 Construction...... 388 2 45 116 116 69 25 15 Wholesale and retail trade. 1,337 8 96 170 371 378 209 105 Hotels and restaurants. . . 372 - 45 74 104 95 41 13 Transport, storage and comm. 999 1 62 157 253 232 184 110 Financial intemediation . . 390 1 5 22 26 87 159 90 Real estate, renting, business 100 - 4 7 17 17 23 32 Public admin. and defense . 3,115 9 242 277 621 823 615 528 Education ...... 1,525 - 15 17 116 274 222 881 Health and social work. . . 432 - 11 9 69 141 102 100 Other community social. . . 952 3 109 108 214 189 160 169 Private households with employ 139 2 28 35 47 21 5 1 Extra-territorial organization 58 1 4 5 6 13 11 18

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 23,720 249 5,127 4,798 5,127 3,893 2,312 2,214 Own account worker. . . . . 6,436 92 2,058 1,793 1,542 690 188 73 Employer...... 137 1 5 19 26 20 21 45 Employee -- government. . . 4,434 9 260 303 751 1,130 867 1,114 Employee -- quasi-government 1,293 1 54 101 248 360 341 188 Employee -- private . . . . 4,109 17 372 576 943 895 584 722 Unpaid family worker. . . . 7,253 128 2,374 2,000 1,611 786 301 53 Others...... 58 1 4 6 6 12 10 19 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Kingdom of Tonga ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 8,963 78 1,996 1,768 1,752 1,543 931 895 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 98 - 1 1 12 14 20 50 Professionals ...... 767 - 3 4 34 97 90 539 Techn. & associated techs . 770 - 6 3 104 274 208 175 Clerks...... 950 1 3 9 98 380 368 91 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 623 1 45 87 207 195 72 16 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 86 - 37 16 17 11 4 1 Craft & related trades workers 5,443 72 1,871 1,578 1,207 537 155 23 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 30 - 2 5 14 7 2 - Elementary occupations. . . 192 4 28 65 59 27 9 - Armed forces...... 4 - - - - 1 3 -

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 8,963 78 1,996 1,768 1,752 1,543 931 895 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 78 - 30 17 14 11 5 1 Fishing ...... 23 - 12 3 5 1 1 1 Mining and quarrying. . . . 5 - - - - 2 - 3 Manufacturing ...... 5,435 72 1,861 1,579 1,195 540 162 26 Utilities ...... 65 - - - 11 22 25 7 Construction...... 9 - 2 - 1 - 3 3 Wholesale and retail trade. 503 2 22 51 144 177 84 23 Hotels and restaurants. . . 186 - 21 33 55 52 21 4 Transport, storage and comm. 206 - 3 8 27 65 64 39 Financial intemediation . . 196 1 1 6 7 52 86 43 Real estate, renting, business 28 - 1 1 3 6 9 8 Public admin. and defense . 744 1 9 23 102 238 209 162 Education ...... 842 - 3 6 65 178 119 471 Health and social work. . . 319 - 9 6 58 120 80 46 Other community social. . . 207 - 5 11 31 62 52 46 Private households with employ 83 1 15 21 30 12 3 1 Extra-territorial organization 34 1 2 3 4 5 8 11

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 8,963 78 1,996 1,768 1,752 1,543 931 895 Own account worker. . . . . 2,470 35 839 711 566 244 59 16 Employer...... 29 - 1 5 6 5 3 9 Employee -- government. . . 1,569 1 19 32 195 469 364 489 Employee -- quasi-government 403 - 3 14 42 129 149 66 Employee -- private . . . . 1,295 4 56 116 255 357 227 280 Unpaid family worker. . . . 3,164 37 1,076 887 684 335 121 24 Others...... 33 1 2 3 4 4 8 11 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 20 to 24 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 3,785 11 247 676 879 1,043 616 313 Children ever born ...... 5,646 10 479 1,341 1,583 1,387 637 209 per 1000 females. . . 1,492 909 1,939 1,984 1,801 1,330 1,034 668 Children surviving ...... 5,629 10 479 1,335 1,582 1,376 638 209 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.9 99.2 100.2 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 775 2 47 165 180 214 120 47 per 1000 females. . . 205 182 190 244 205 205 195 150

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 2,909 11 279 621 798 637 355 208 Children ever born ...... 7,898 36 781 2,018 2,319 1,640 785 319 per 1000 females. . . 2,715 3,273 2,799 3,250 2,906 2,575 2,211 1,534 Children surviving ...... 7,878 36 778 2,014 2,314 1,636 781 319 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 100.0 99.6 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.5 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 536 2 47 109 145 122 81 30 per 1000 females. . . 184 182 168 176 182 192 228 144

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 2,442 12 326 585 666 453 174 226 Children ever born ...... 9,469 61 1,389 2,523 2,685 1,679 570 562 per 1000 females. . . 3,878 5,083 4,261 4,313 4,032 3,706 3,276 2,487 Children surviving ...... 9,475 61 1,392 2,521 2,693 1,670 571 567 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.1 100.0 100.2 99.9 100.3 99.5 100.2 100.9 Children born last 12 months . 325 2 44 80 93 65 18 23 per 1000 females. . . 133 167 135 137 140 143 103 102

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 2,189 14 398 646 522 307 121 181 Children ever born ...... 10,238 66 1,980 3,233 2,523 1,352 488 596 per 1000 females. . . 4,677 4,714 4,975 5,005 4,833 4,404 4,033 3,293 Children surviving ...... 10,186 64 1,965 3,227 2,506 1,341 488 595 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 97.0 99.2 99.8 99.3 99.2 100.0 99.8 Children born last 12 months . 133 1 28 51 26 13 4 10 per 1000 females. . . 61 71 70 79 50 42 33 55

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 1,892 19 608 486 337 218 91 133 Children ever born ...... 9,273 70 3,147 2,565 1,661 1,032 413 385 per 1000 females. . . 4,901 3,684 5,176 5,278 4,929 4,734 4,538 2,895 Children surviving ...... 9,268 70 3,165 2,545 1,664 1,027 412 385 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.9 100.0 100.6 99.2 100.2 99.5 99.8 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 21 - 7 8 3 1 1 1 per 1000 females. . . 11 - 12 16 9 5 11 8

Total Fertility Rate. . . 2,970 3,010 2,875 3,260 2,930 2,935 2,850 2,295

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 13,217 67 1,858 3,014 3,202 2,658 1,357 1,061 Birth in last year ...... 1,783 7 171 412 447 412 223 111 Female ...... 857 3 82 206 215 191 106 54 Still alive...... 855 3 82 205 214 191 106 54 Male ...... 926 4 89 206 232 221 117 57 Still alive...... 925 4 89 206 232 220 117 57

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 10,346 51 1,584 2,581 2,633 1,952 907 638 Less than 18 ...... 249 3 67 101 44 26 1 7 18 or 19 ...... 1,051 9 210 357 304 124 30 17 20 ...... 1,003 7 201 283 275 157 52 28 21 ...... 1,005 1 150 291 270 186 71 36 22 ...... 1,131 7 169 294 292 214 107 48 23 ...... 1,012 3 127 228 271 221 104 58 24 ...... 972 1 127 205 255 222 108 54 25 or 26 ...... 1,562 8 171 315 379 355 192 142 27 to 29 ...... 1,287 9 167 256 310 264 155 126 30 to 34 ...... 773 2 132 177 165 139 64 94 35 or more ...... 301 1 63 74 68 44 23 28

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 18,816 126 2,577 3,882 4,518 3,763 2,173 1,777 Father died...... 21,093 409 7,225 4,558 4,118 2,283 1,131 1,369

Mother alive ...... 22,878 170 3,403 4,749 5,430 4,467 2,496 2,163 Mother died...... 17,031 365 6,399 3,691 3,206 1,579 808 983 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Kingdom of Tonga ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 15,558 - 4,687 3,210 5,169 1,028 1,464 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 338 - 144 93 75 15 11 - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 473 - 169 90 150 22 42 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 1,055 - 368 258 313 62 54 - European style, brick/cement 3,053 - 818 561 992 241 441 - European style, wooden. . . 10,352 - 3,097 2,133 3,561 672 889 - Other ...... 287 - 91 75 78 16 27 -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 13,171 - 3,683 2,658 4,528 938 1,364 - Tank water...... 9,176 - 2,855 1,813 2,982 597 929 - Well water...... 377 - 136 84 116 25 16 - Other water ...... 165 - 44 47 51 8 15 -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 8,736 - 1,894 1,497 3,204 819 1,322 - Manual toilet ...... 2,660 - 866 682 874 135 103 - Pit toilet...... 5,582 - 2,406 1,306 1,565 178 127 - No toilet ...... 85 - 29 29 23 - 4 - Other type of toilet. . . . 50 - 14 6 20 2 8 -

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 12,300 - 3,247 2,441 4,309 921 1,382 - Generator ...... 346 - 107 56 109 24 50 - Kerosene...... 5,635 - 2,173 1,312 1,650 258 242 - Benzine ...... 659 - 255 147 206 28 23 - Solar ...... 420 - 156 60 127 21 56 - Other lighting...... 298 - 65 60 107 27 39 -

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 1,688 - 387 293 546 171 291 - Gas cooking ...... 8,562 - 1,840 1,491 3,186 790 1,255 - Firewood cooking...... 11,522 - 3,938 2,586 3,743 595 660 - Kerosene cooking...... 3,655 - 1,296 851 1,184 178 146 - Other cooking ...... 79 - 22 9 31 6 11 -

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 13,818 - 4,020 2,775 4,663 964 1,396 - Bicycle ...... 5,529 - 1,575 1,118 1,871 379 586 - Boat...... 1,024 - 366 191 279 60 128 - Hot and cold water. . . . . 1,007 - 142 113 272 121 359 - Shower...... 13,247 - 3,905 2,637 4,441 920 1,344 - Vehicle ...... 5,590 - 1,055 897 2,102 553 983 - Refrigerator...... 7,716 - 1,733 1,352 2,797 687 1,147 - Television...... 6,455 - 1,302 1,114 2,388 630 1,021 - Video ...... 5,801 - 1,233 1,064 2,087 529 888 - Computer...... 326 - 15 12 53 38 208 -

Cattle...... 2,450 - 649 480 876 161 284 - Horses...... 2,913 - 1,167 664 862 115 105 - Pigs...... 12,492 - 4,030 2,695 4,161 733 873 - Chickens...... 9,634 - 3,281 2,096 3,142 515 600 - Goats ...... 1,593 - 562 324 540 72 95 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 10,603 - 3,589 2,312 3,442 561 699 - Squash only ...... 56 - 10 7 24 6 9 - Squash and crops...... 1,138 - 272 252 409 97 108 - No crops grown...... 3,761 - 816 639 1,294 364 648 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 12,762 - 4,247 2,799 4,197 747 772 - Rented...... 574 - 34 41 126 80 293 - Rent free ...... 1,929 - 356 319 735 171 348 - Other ...... 272 - 47 50 106 24 45 - Institution ...... 21 - 3 1 5 6 6 - Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 13,447 - 4,327 2,897 4,419 806 998 - Bury...... 682 - 174 122 242 58 86 - Lagoon/Ocean...... 112 - 18 29 44 9 12 - Others...... 1,317 - 168 162 464 155 368 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 5,494 18 328 955 1,252 1,414 1,031 496 30 to 34 years...... 4,109 17 352 829 1,093 852 566 400 35 to 39 years...... 3,194 13 390 643 810 632 302 404 40 to 44 years...... 2,790 19 404 689 680 435 198 365 45 to 49 years...... 2,333 19 549 529 472 287 168 309 50 to 54 years...... 2,158 36 668 501 437 198 101 217 55 to 59 years...... 1,982 38 657 430 424 191 83 159 60 to 64 years...... 1,690 41 698 354 304 120 78 95 65 to 69 years...... 1,273 42 539 245 235 106 45 61 70 to 74 years...... 875 23 443 175 131 52 27 24 75 to 79 years...... 551 22 291 112 73 26 17 10 80 to 84 years...... 306 10 178 43 47 11 10 7 85 years and over . . . . . 206 15 125 25 22 11 5 3 Median...... 41.2 59.5 55.9 42.5 39.0 34.4 32.5 39.7 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 21.4 86.4 60.8 20.0 15.3 8.0 7.3 8.4 Total dependency...... 21.4 86.4 60.8 20.0 15.3 8.0 7.3 8.4

Males...... 13,076 162 2,447 2,554 2,957 2,047 1,395 1,514 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 2,808 12 191 503 646 674 527 255 30 to 34 years...... 2,101 12 201 409 554 401 292 232 35 to 39 years...... 1,507 7 203 286 345 282 166 218 40 to 44 years...... 1,290 10 172 272 309 209 98 220 45 to 49 years...... 1,073 11 199 223 240 111 90 199 50 to 54 years...... 955 18 249 201 195 92 62 138 55 to 59 years...... 982 19 299 202 218 89 47 108 60 to 64 years...... 822 24 305 163 151 68 47 64 65 to 69 years...... 634 15 240 116 132 55 28 48 70 to 74 years...... 436 12 171 95 87 38 15 18 75 to 79 years...... 262 9 113 55 46 19 13 7 80 to 84 years...... 124 3 62 20 24 2 8 5 85 years and over . . . . . 82 10 42 9 10 7 2 2 Median...... 40.5 57.9 55.1 41.5 39.0 34.4 32.9 41.2 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 22.0 82.0 61.6 21.9 17.9 10.2 8.8 10.5 Total dependency...... 22.0 82.0 61.6 21.9 17.9 10.2 8.8 10.5

Females...... 13,885 151 3,175 2,976 3,023 2,288 1,236 1,036 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 2,686 6 137 452 606 740 504 241 30 to 34 years...... 2,008 5 151 420 539 451 274 168 35 to 39 years...... 1,687 6 187 357 465 350 136 186 40 to 44 years...... 1,500 9 232 417 371 226 100 145 45 to 49 years...... 1,260 8 350 306 232 176 78 110 50 to 54 years...... 1,203 18 419 300 242 106 39 79 55 to 59 years...... 1,000 19 358 228 206 102 36 51 60 to 64 years...... 868 17 393 191 153 52 31 31 65 to 69 years...... 639 27 299 129 103 51 17 13 70 to 74 years...... 439 11 272 80 44 14 12 6 75 to 79 years...... 289 13 178 57 27 7 4 3 80 to 84 years...... 182 7 116 23 23 9 2 2 85 years and over . . . . . 124 5 83 16 12 4 3 1 Median...... 41.9 61.3 56.6 43.1 38.9 34.5 32.1 37.9 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 20.8 90.9 60.2 18.6 12.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 Total dependency...... 20.8 90.9 60.2 18.6 12.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 26,017 300 5,573 5,466 5,897 4,223 2,476 2,082 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 1,150 3 59 222 250 327 208 81 26...... 1,241 5 71 199 295 320 257 94 27...... 1,107 3 68 191 248 295 200 102 28...... 1,025 - 60 176 249 251 196 93 29...... 845 6 65 155 204 197 147 71 30...... 1,003 5 77 194 272 211 157 87 31...... 836 - 72 193 220 163 128 60 32...... 705 4 69 133 190 159 87 63 33...... 750 2 73 150 215 152 89 69 34...... 681 3 54 154 182 146 78 64 35...... 596 2 73 102 168 126 64 61 36...... 724 5 84 130 222 134 74 75 37...... 584 1 79 145 142 122 45 50 38...... 578 2 77 122 138 125 43 71 39...... 544 2 72 136 121 103 38 72 40...... 546 4 85 127 137 90 40 63 41...... 528 2 73 137 128 86 30 72 42...... 535 2 80 151 123 82 34 63 43...... 489 3 71 119 132 83 35 46 44...... 553 4 90 144 145 81 42 47 45...... 437 5 84 100 98 63 33 54 46...... 511 4 123 120 101 57 38 68 47...... 409 2 99 87 102 44 27 48 48...... 435 4 112 100 88 55 31 45 49...... 441 3 125 112 76 55 28 42 50...... 501 11 150 116 107 52 19 46 51...... 453 6 134 114 100 50 20 29 52...... 354 7 112 81 72 29 23 30 53...... 355 5 117 77 79 32 15 30 54...... 413 5 151 110 75 29 13 30 55...... 356 5 117 72 83 33 13 33 56...... 458 12 153 110 106 38 19 20 57...... 376 5 116 95 82 41 15 22 58...... 393 9 148 82 78 41 13 22 59...... 331 7 118 67 69 36 15 19 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 373 11 155 77 70 26 13 21 61...... 297 7 121 72 53 22 6 16 62...... 338 8 147 62 61 30 22 8 63...... 294 6 111 68 56 30 11 12 64...... 332 9 159 71 58 8 15 12 65...... 266 10 106 57 51 24 9 9 66...... 302 8 134 59 55 31 9 6 67...... 223 9 96 44 41 18 6 9 68...... 233 7 97 48 49 17 7 8 69...... 214 8 105 35 37 12 8 9 70...... 234 6 112 48 40 17 10 1 71...... 145 5 72 28 24 10 2 4 72...... 181 5 97 36 25 7 8 3 73...... 138 2 73 27 19 9 4 4 74...... 159 5 88 33 21 7 2 3 75...... 138 8 76 26 20 4 1 3 76...... 139 7 67 30 21 6 6 2 77...... 77 1 42 21 5 4 3 1 78...... 131 5 78 22 14 8 3 1 79...... 58 - 27 12 12 4 2 1 80...... 75 2 40 14 14 2 2 1 81...... 57 3 35 9 7 1 1 1 82...... 65 2 37 9 11 3 1 2 83...... 44 2 23 4 8 2 4 1 84...... 60 1 43 6 6 2 2 - 85...... 36 2 19 4 3 4 3 1 86...... 42 2 27 3 6 4 - - 87...... 23 1 14 4 4 - - - 88...... 26 3 14 5 2 1 1 - 89...... 8 - 5 2 - 1 - - 90...... 7 - 5 2 - - - - 91...... 11 1 5 3 2 - - - 92...... 6 2 3 1 - - - - 93...... 16 2 9 - 3 1 - 1 94...... 7 1 5 1 - - - - 95...... 3 1 2 - - - - - 96...... 11 - 10 - 1 - - - 97...... 2 - - - 1 - 1 - 98 or more...... 3 - 3 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 13,473 148 3,148 2,943 2,984 2,232 1,163 855 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 547 1 24 94 111 169 104 44 26...... 606 2 32 98 141 156 120 57 27...... 546 - 19 92 123 159 103 50 28...... 520 - 30 94 121 140 97 38 29...... 411 3 29 68 108 103 70 30 30...... 486 1 36 102 127 108 71 41 31...... 403 - 33 93 103 79 72 23 32...... 336 4 36 61 84 79 46 26 33...... 385 - 24 77 136 88 34 26 34...... 331 - 18 84 83 87 35 24 35...... 333 - 43 51 102 75 27 35 36...... 387 3 35 78 128 77 36 30 37...... 296 1 31 76 78 67 23 20 38...... 306 2 38 71 78 67 18 32 39...... 285 - 39 77 71 51 14 33 40...... 297 2 46 78 72 52 21 26 41...... 285 - 46 82 68 44 12 33 42...... 282 1 39 88 67 43 18 26 43...... 256 2 40 72 73 36 15 18 44...... 322 2 58 93 83 44 25 17 45...... 233 4 46 59 47 40 21 16 46...... 284 1 79 73 50 34 16 31 47...... 224 2 70 47 50 30 7 18 48...... 225 - 67 55 43 32 14 14 49...... 251 1 84 66 39 34 16 11 50...... 285 8 101 65 60 27 7 17 51...... 261 1 89 69 50 30 11 11 52...... 200 2 69 53 41 18 6 11 53...... 191 3 75 44 43 13 3 10 54...... 241 4 83 67 46 16 9 16 55...... 165 2 65 36 31 16 4 11 56...... 245 7 86 66 51 21 8 6 57...... 198 4 56 53 48 25 6 6 58...... 198 4 92 37 36 19 5 5 59...... 165 2 56 35 36 19 10 7 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 186 4 85 35 38 11 5 8 61...... 153 1 68 40 24 11 2 7 62...... 181 4 79 35 38 14 9 2 63...... 144 4 66 32 22 13 4 3 64...... 181 4 92 47 29 2 4 3 65...... 138 4 57 32 28 15 2 - 66...... 164 6 79 33 26 16 3 1 67...... 102 7 43 23 18 6 2 3 68...... 102 4 53 22 14 6 3 - 69...... 117 6 67 17 15 7 4 1 70...... 119 4 72 21 14 4 4 - 71...... 64 2 35 14 6 4 1 2 72...... 110 2 75 20 7 2 3 1 73...... 67 - 42 10 9 3 3 - 74...... 75 3 48 14 7 1 1 1 75...... 63 5 41 10 5 - 1 1 76...... 67 4 39 13 5 3 2 1 77...... 44 1 23 16 2 2 - - 78...... 80 2 58 13 6 1 - - 79...... 31 - 17 4 8 1 1 - 80...... 40 - 23 10 6 1 - - 81...... 29 3 18 3 4 1 - - 82...... 44 2 30 4 4 2 - 2 83...... 30 1 18 2 6 2 1 - 84...... 37 1 27 3 3 2 1 - 85...... 20 1 12 2 2 2 1 - 86...... 23 1 17 2 2 1 - - 87...... 14 1 9 3 1 - - - 88...... 16 1 9 4 1 - 1 - 89...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 90...... 6 - 4 2 - - - - 91...... 5 - 2 1 2 - - - 92...... 3 1 1 1 - - - - 93...... 8 - 5 - 2 1 - - 94...... 5 - 4 1 - - - - 95...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 96...... 10 - 9 - 1 - - - 97...... 2 - - - 1 - 1 - 98 or more...... 3 - 3 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 12,544 152 2,425 2,523 2,913 1,991 1,313 1,227 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 603 2 35 128 139 158 104 37 26...... 635 3 39 101 154 164 137 37 27...... 561 3 49 99 125 136 97 52 28...... 505 - 30 82 128 111 99 55 29...... 434 3 36 87 96 94 77 41 30...... 517 4 41 92 145 103 86 46 31...... 433 - 39 100 117 84 56 37 32...... 369 - 33 72 106 80 41 37 33...... 365 2 49 73 79 64 55 43 34...... 350 3 36 70 99 59 43 40 35...... 263 2 30 51 66 51 37 26 36...... 337 2 49 52 94 57 38 45 37...... 288 - 48 69 64 55 22 30 38...... 272 - 39 51 60 58 25 39 39...... 259 2 33 59 50 52 24 39 40...... 249 2 39 49 65 38 19 37 41...... 243 2 27 55 60 42 18 39 42...... 253 1 41 63 56 39 16 37 43...... 233 1 31 47 59 47 20 28 44...... 231 2 32 51 62 37 17 30 45...... 204 1 38 41 51 23 12 38 46...... 227 3 44 47 51 23 22 37 47...... 185 - 29 40 52 14 20 30 48...... 210 4 45 45 45 23 17 31 49...... 190 2 41 46 37 21 12 31 50...... 216 3 49 51 47 25 12 29 51...... 192 5 45 45 50 20 9 18 52...... 154 5 43 28 31 11 17 19 53...... 164 2 42 33 36 19 12 20 54...... 172 1 68 43 29 13 4 14 55...... 191 3 52 36 52 17 9 22 56...... 213 5 67 44 55 17 11 14 57...... 178 1 60 42 34 16 9 16 58...... 195 5 56 45 42 22 8 17 59...... 166 5 62 32 33 17 5 12 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 187 7 70 42 32 15 8 13 61...... 144 6 53 32 29 11 4 9 62...... 157 4 68 27 23 16 13 6 63...... 150 2 45 36 34 17 7 9 64...... 151 5 67 24 29 6 11 9 65...... 128 6 49 25 23 9 7 9 66...... 138 2 55 26 29 15 6 5 67...... 121 2 53 21 23 12 4 6 68...... 131 3 44 26 35 11 4 8 69...... 97 2 38 18 22 5 4 8 70...... 115 2 40 27 26 13 6 1 71...... 81 3 37 14 18 6 1 2 72...... 71 3 22 16 18 5 5 2 73...... 71 2 31 17 10 6 1 4 74...... 84 2 40 19 14 6 1 2 75...... 75 3 35 16 15 4 - 2 76...... 72 3 28 17 16 3 4 1 77...... 33 - 19 5 3 2 3 1 78...... 51 3 20 9 8 7 3 1 79...... 27 - 10 8 4 3 1 1 80...... 35 2 17 4 8 1 2 1 81...... 28 - 17 6 3 - 1 1 82...... 21 - 7 5 7 1 1 - 83...... 14 1 5 2 2 - 3 1 84...... 23 - 16 3 3 - 1 - 85...... 16 1 7 2 1 2 2 1 86...... 19 1 10 1 4 3 - - 87...... 9 - 5 1 3 - - - 88...... 10 2 5 1 1 1 - - 89...... 6 - 3 2 - 1 - - 90...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 91...... 6 1 3 2 - - - - 92...... 3 1 2 - - - - - 93...... 8 2 4 - 1 - - 1 94...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 95...... 1 1 ------96...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 Head...... 10,479 146 2,492 2,142 2,279 1,396 822 1,202 Spouse...... 6,843 59 1,515 1,566 1,564 1,137 539 463 Son ...... 2,009 18 176 372 474 426 339 204 Daughter...... 1,891 12 163 308 448 448 298 214 Brother ...... 359 4 80 67 78 60 48 22 Sister...... 391 3 83 84 93 66 31 31 Child of spouse ...... 568 - 46 123 136 127 91 45 Grandchild...... 163 1 9 31 42 32 30 18 Father...... 83 2 45 13 12 4 4 3 Mother...... 294 8 172 53 39 15 6 1 Parent of spouse...... 181 9 104 29 21 8 5 5 Other relatives ...... 1,979 35 435 396 436 318 229 130 No relation ...... 1,721 16 302 346 358 298 189 212 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 Tongan...... 25,590 294 5,498 5,383 5,810 4,163 2,421 2,021 Part-Tongan ...... 427 6 75 83 87 60 55 61 European...... 397 1 11 11 22 35 66 251 Fijian...... 121 2 14 15 24 17 18 31 Samoan...... 46 - 2 10 7 10 8 9 Indian...... 50 4 5 4 5 9 7 16 Chinese ...... 41 - 1 5 1 8 10 16 Japanese...... 24 - 1 1 - - 5 17 Other Pacific Islands . . . 94 1 5 5 11 12 16 44 Other Asian ...... 166 5 10 13 11 20 25 82 Not elsewhere specified . . 5 - - - 2 1 - 2 Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 FWC ...... 11,579 141 2,194 2,353 2,728 1,845 1,166 1,152 Catholic...... 4,407 52 1,049 888 869 744 416 389 LDS ...... 3,322 31 614 701 768 567 396 245 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 2,809 35 819 665 565 384 194 147 Church of Tonga ...... 1,534 24 458 353 339 201 93 66 Tokaikolo ...... 890 5 169 195 242 139 72 68 Anglican...... 373 2 29 51 71 67 65 88 SDA ...... 692 6 91 114 137 173 82 89 AOG ...... 287 1 45 73 72 53 22 21 Tonga Konisituto...... 210 - 44 30 45 42 17 32 Gospel Church ...... 13 - 5 2 2 - 1 3 Bahai Faith ...... 175 1 38 34 36 28 19 19 Moslem...... 25 - 4 1 3 3 8 6 Hindu ...... 43 1 5 5 6 7 7 12 Buddhist...... 15 - - - - 5 1 9 Others...... 439 4 50 50 91 61 55 128 Refuse to answer...... 25 1 1 2 2 1 - 18 None...... 123 9 7 13 4 15 17 58 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 12,544 152 2,425 2,523 2,913 1,991 1,313 1,227 Never married ...... 2,514 35 372 474 559 464 381 229 Married ...... 9,338 95 1,785 1,910 2,221 1,469 899 959 Widowed ...... 451 17 205 84 86 24 11 24 Divorced or separated . . . 241 5 63 55 47 34 22 15 Not stated...... ------

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 13,473 148 3,148 2,943 2,984 2,232 1,163 855 Never married ...... 2,021 21 251 310 418 445 300 276 Married ...... 9,719 83 2,110 2,276 2,265 1,645 811 529 Widowed ...... 1,345 43 704 250 208 85 33 22 Divorced or separated . . . 388 1 83 107 93 57 19 28 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Tongatapu ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 Tonga ...... 25,948 301 5,573 5,464 5,894 4,216 2,457 2,043 Tongatapu ...... 16,613 216 3,433 3,633 3,762 2,708 1,614 1,247 Vava'u...... 3,516 26 637 690 833 627 365 338 Ha'apai ...... 4,217 35 1,059 813 964 636 357 353 Eua ...... 654 2 131 138 149 117 65 52 Niuas ...... 948 22 313 190 186 128 56 53 Elsewhere ...... 1,013 12 49 66 86 119 174 507

Males ...... 13,076 162 2,447 2,554 2,957 2,047 1,395 1,514 Tonga ...... 12,505 153 2,428 2,518 2,905 1,989 1,300 1,212 Tongatapu ...... 8,173 118 1,603 1,723 1,908 1,275 835 711 Vava'u...... 1,621 13 245 298 353 299 191 222 Ha'apai ...... 1,987 11 405 361 491 296 208 215 Eua ...... 275 - 47 54 61 53 29 31 Niuas ...... 449 11 128 82 92 66 37 33 Elsewhere ...... 571 9 19 36 52 58 95 302

Females ...... 13,885 151 3,175 2,976 3,023 2,288 1,236 1,036 Tonga ...... 13,443 148 3,145 2,946 2,989 2,227 1,157 831 Tongatapu ...... 8,440 98 1,830 1,910 1,854 1,433 779 536 Vava'u...... 1,895 13 392 392 480 328 174 116 Ha'apai ...... 2,230 24 654 452 473 340 149 138 Eua ...... 379 2 84 84 88 64 36 21 Niuas ...... 499 11 185 108 94 62 19 20 Elsewhere ...... 442 3 30 30 34 61 79 205

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 26,961 313 5,622 5,530 5,980 4,335 2,631 2,550 Tonga ...... 26,367 306 5,570 5,485 5,887 4,262 2,541 2,316 Tongatapu ...... 25,500 294 5,331 5,305 5,679 4,146 2,469 2,276 Vava'u...... 353 4 65 66 85 63 44 26 Ha'apai ...... 303 3 102 66 74 33 18 7 Eua ...... 117 2 34 35 24 11 7 4 Niuas ...... 94 3 38 13 25 9 3 3 Elsewhere ...... 594 7 52 45 93 73 90 234

Males ...... 13,076 162 2,447 2,554 2,957 2,047 1,395 1,514 Tonga ...... 12,774 157 2,433 2,536 2,920 2,018 1,351 1,359 Tongatapu ...... 12,388 152 2,341 2,463 2,818 1,959 1,315 1,340 Vava'u...... 161 2 23 30 44 30 22 10 Ha'apai ...... 130 - 42 23 35 15 9 6 Eua ...... 56 1 15 16 12 7 3 2 Niuas ...... 39 2 12 4 11 7 2 1 Elsewhere ...... 302 5 14 18 37 29 44 155

Females ...... 13,885 151 3,175 2,976 3,023 2,288 1,236 1,036 Tonga ...... 13,593 149 3,137 2,949 2,967 2,244 1,190 957 Tongatapu ...... 13,112 142 2,990 2,842 2,861 2,187 1,154 936 Vava'u...... 192 2 42 36 41 33 22 16 Ha'apai ...... 173 3 60 43 39 18 9 1 Eua ...... 61 1 19 19 12 4 4 2 Niuas ...... 55 1 26 9 14 2 1 2 Elsewhere ...... 292 2 38 27 56 44 46 79 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Tongatapu ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 26,017 300 5,573 5,466 5,897 4,223 2,476 2,082 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 5,873 300 5,573 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 5,466 - - 5,466 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 10,120 - - - 5,897 4,223 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 2,476 - - - - - 2,476 - Tertiary...... 2,082 ------2,082 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 56.4 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 14,928 132 2,540 2,784 3,287 2,607 1,801 1,777 No qualification...... 1,267 124 1,106 18 9 4 4 2 Primary school...... 6,687 8 1,429 2,750 2,127 361 11 1 Lower leavers ...... 348 - - 13 208 104 23 - Tonga high learn...... 2,110 - 2 3 932 1,002 168 3 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 1,931 - 3 - 8 1,103 811 6 University entr/PSSC...... 706 - - - - 18 683 5 Form 7 Certificate...... 62 - - - - - 54 8 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 199 - - - 2 3 6 188 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 908 - - - 1 11 25 871 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 570 - - - - - 15 555 Post graduate certificate . . . . 11 ------11 Post graduate diploma ...... 14 ------14 Post graduate masters ...... 94 - - - - 1 - 93 Post graduate PhD ...... 19 - - - - - 1 18 Others...... 2 ------2 None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 26,017 300 5,573 5,466 5,897 4,223 2,476 2,082 Literate in English and Tongan. . 18,735 41 1,303 3,552 5,274 4,076 2,441 2,048 Literate in English only. . . . . 157 1 66 36 17 10 9 18 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 6,810 231 4,042 1,817 574 119 20 7 Illiterate...... 315 27 162 61 32 18 6 9 Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Tongatapu ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 13,473 148 3,148 2,943 2,984 2,232 1,163 855 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 3,296 148 3,148 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 2,943 - - 2,943 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 5,216 - - - 2,984 2,232 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 1,163 - - - - - 1,163 - Tertiary...... 855 ------855 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 53.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 5,423 38 930 933 1,047 1,020 730 725 No qualification...... 439 36 394 6 3 - - - Primary school...... 2,209 2 533 924 630 113 6 1 Lower leavers ...... 116 - - 3 68 39 6 - Tonga high learn...... 785 - 2 - 341 379 62 1 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 815 - 1 - 4 478 329 3 University entr/PSSC...... 294 - - - - 4 288 2 Form 7 Certificate...... 22 - - - - - 20 2 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 84 - - - 1 1 3 79 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 412 - - - - 6 13 393 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 210 - - - - - 3 207 Post graduate certificate . . . . 3 ------3 Post graduate diploma ...... 3 ------3 Post graduate masters ...... 25 ------25 Post graduate PhD ...... 5 ------5 Others...... 1 ------1 None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 13,473 148 3,148 2,943 2,984 2,232 1,163 855 Literate in English and Tongan. . 9,422 18 725 1,877 2,665 2,153 1,146 838 Literate in English only. . . . . 91 - 41 18 11 6 4 11 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 3,815 118 2,303 1,023 289 67 11 4 Illiterate...... 145 12 79 25 19 6 2 2 Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Tongatapu ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 26,017 300 5,573 5,466 5,897 4,223 2,476 2,082 Economically active . . . . 16,526 146 2,866 3,165 3,672 2,880 1,967 1,830 Employed full/part time . 8,048 15 469 808 1,635 1,878 1,526 1,717 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 3,946 82 1,120 1,159 983 420 151 31 Mainly housework. . . . . 2,885 34 949 810 658 296 118 20 Temporarily absent. . . . 49 1 2 7 11 13 6 9 Unemployed...... 1,598 14 326 381 385 273 166 53 Economically inactive . . . 9,491 154 2,707 2,301 2,225 1,343 509 252 Housework only...... 7,252 84 1,757 1,933 1,856 1,142 387 93 Student only...... 163 - 3 4 11 34 38 73 Retired ...... 1,756 53 842 297 291 136 71 66 Disabled/handicapped. . . 240 15 87 53 46 24 6 9 Other and not stated. . . 80 2 18 14 21 7 7 11

Females 15+ years. . . 13,473 148 3,148 2,943 2,984 2,232 1,163 855 Economically active . . . . 5,803 38 1,003 1,004 1,119 1,114 784 741 Employed full/part time . 2,786 4 72 155 432 771 646 706 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 441 11 141 129 112 36 8 4 Mainly housework. . . . . 2,184 23 717 649 500 210 75 10 Temporarily absent. . . . 12 - - - 3 3 1 5 Unemployed...... 380 - 73 71 72 94 54 16 Economically inactive . . . 7,670 110 2,145 1,939 1,865 1,118 379 114 Housework only...... 6,614 76 1,578 1,772 1,717 1,051 346 74 Student only...... 40 - 1 3 4 8 8 16 Retired ...... 885 29 518 135 111 52 21 19 Disabled/handicapped. . . 106 4 42 24 28 6 1 1 Other and not stated. . . 25 1 6 5 5 1 3 4

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 6,831 116 2,069 1,969 1,641 716 269 51 Own/family use/Never sell 4,129 71 1,223 1,165 992 455 189 34 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,162 39 683 651 529 193 56 11 Regularly sell...... 540 6 163 153 120 68 24 6 Farming and gardening . . . 3,846 75 1,097 1,080 940 434 181 39 Own/family use/Never sell 2,220 44 592 619 545 273 122 25 Occasionally sell . . . . 1,311 26 414 374 329 119 40 9 Regularly sell...... 315 5 91 87 66 42 19 5 Fishing ...... 390 7 123 115 96 40 8 1 Own/family use/Never sell 81 3 31 17 22 7 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 188 3 57 60 46 18 4 - Regularly sell...... 121 1 35 38 28 15 3 1 Weaving ...... 2,586 34 846 773 602 240 80 11 Own/family use/Never sell 1,825 24 599 528 425 174 66 9 Occasionally sell . . . . 662 10 212 217 154 55 12 2 Regularly sell...... 99 - 35 28 23 11 2 -

Females 15 years and over 2,625 34 858 778 612 246 83 14 Own/family use/Never sell 1,850 24 603 533 430 179 69 12 Occasionally sell . . . . 673 10 219 219 156 55 12 2 Regularly sell...... 102 - 36 26 26 12 2 - Farming and gardening . . . 43 - 13 11 9 4 3 3 Own/family use/Never sell 30 - 7 7 7 3 3 3 Occasionally sell . . . . 12 - 6 4 2 - - - Regularly sell...... 1 - - - - 1 - - Fishing ...... 13 - 7 2 3 1 - - Own/family use/Never sell 2 - - 1 - 1 - - Occasionally sell . . . . 4 - 2 1 1 - - - Regularly sell...... 7 - 5 - 2 - - - Weaving ...... 2,565 34 837 764 599 240 80 11 Own/family use/Never sell 1,815 24 595 524 423 174 66 9 Occasionally sell . . . . 657 10 211 214 153 55 12 2 Regularly sell...... 93 - 31 26 23 11 2 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Tongatapu ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 14,928 132 2,540 2,784 3,287 2,607 1,801 1,777 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 394 - 7 15 52 47 53 220 Professionals ...... 1,405 - 32 25 84 154 169 941 Techn. & associated techs . 1,244 - 27 24 168 352 343 330 Clerks...... 1,269 - 8 23 157 451 506 124 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 1,021 1 65 115 307 318 177 38 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 4,291 82 1,222 1,201 1,064 489 193 40 Craft & related trades workers 3,709 38 950 1,001 947 514 208 51 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 722 1 83 186 260 125 54 13 Elementary occupations. . . 719 10 146 184 213 104 53 9 Armed forces...... 154 - - 10 35 53 45 11

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 14,928 132 2,540 2,784 3,287 2,607 1,801 1,777 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 3,884 74 1,108 1,087 951 438 183 43 Fishing ...... 436 7 125 122 109 52 15 6 Mining and quarrying. . . . 35 - 5 3 13 8 3 3 Manufacturing ...... 2,860 35 868 826 673 300 125 33 Utilities ...... 286 1 12 20 87 72 59 35 Construction...... 311 2 35 99 85 53 22 15 Wholesale and retail trade. 1,061 5 67 126 302 298 171 92 Hotels and restaurants. . . 288 - 30 61 80 72 33 12 Transport, storage and comm. 826 1 47 123 215 175 160 105 Financial intemediation . . 317 1 4 18 17 68 128 81 Real estate, renting, business 90 - 4 7 15 14 20 30 Public admin. and defense . 2,318 3 129 168 436 607 511 464 Education ...... 1,041 - 13 13 80 176 141 618 Health and social work. . . 322 - 6 6 43 106 87 74 Other community social. . . 695 1 66 73 136 138 127 154 Private households with employ 109 1 18 27 39 18 5 1 Extra-territorial organization 49 1 3 5 6 12 11 11

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 14,928 132 2,540 2,784 3,287 2,607 1,801 1,777 Own account worker. . . . . 3,119 45 879 871 794 349 122 59 Employer...... 119 1 3 13 23 18 19 42 Employee -- government. . . 3,172 3 140 186 515 808 686 834 Employee -- quasi-government 971 1 33 63 188 251 266 169 Employee -- private . . . . 3,276 9 255 462 738 699 491 622 Unpaid family worker. . . . 4,221 72 1,227 1,183 1,023 470 207 39 Others...... 50 1 3 6 6 12 10 12 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Tongatapu ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 5,423 38 930 933 1,047 1,020 730 725 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 84 - 1 1 11 11 14 46 Professionals ...... 591 - 3 4 21 63 75 425 Techn. & associated techs . 597 - 5 2 71 203 174 142 Clerks...... 777 - 2 6 85 294 310 80 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 498 1 39 68 163 154 57 16 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 51 - 18 9 14 7 2 1 Craft & related trades workers 2,643 34 843 783 623 258 87 15 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 27 - 2 5 12 6 2 - Elementary occupations. . . 151 3 17 55 47 23 6 - Armed forces...... 4 - - - - 1 3 -

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 5,423 38 930 933 1,047 1,020 730 725 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 49 - 17 9 12 7 3 1 Fishing ...... 16 - 6 3 4 1 1 1 Mining and quarrying. . . . 5 - - - - 2 - 3 Manufacturing ...... 2,638 34 836 785 613 259 93 18 Utilities ...... 53 - - - 10 16 21 6 Construction...... 9 - 2 - 1 - 3 3 Wholesale and retail trade. 404 1 17 41 119 140 66 20 Hotels and restaurants. . . 140 - 15 24 42 42 14 3 Transport, storage and comm. 166 - 3 7 23 42 54 37 Financial intemediation . . 168 1 1 5 5 42 73 41 Real estate, renting, business 27 - 1 1 3 5 9 8 Public admin. and defense . 628 1 8 18 80 194 179 148 Education ...... 591 - 2 4 42 110 85 348 Health and social work. . . 241 - 4 4 35 92 70 36 Other community social. . . 184 - 4 10 27 52 48 43 Private households with employ 74 - 13 19 27 11 3 1 Extra-territorial organization 30 1 1 3 4 5 8 8

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 5,423 38 930 933 1,047 1,020 730 725 Own account worker. . . . . 881 10 267 255 211 95 28 15 Employer...... 22 - 1 2 4 5 1 9 Employee -- government. . . 1,183 1 13 24 134 347 297 367 Employee -- quasi-government 329 - 3 10 35 96 124 61 Employee -- private . . . . 1,090 2 46 102 213 282 197 248 Unpaid family worker. . . . 1,889 24 599 537 446 191 75 17 Others...... 29 1 1 3 4 4 8 8 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 2,686 6 137 452 606 740 504 241 Children ever born ...... 4,009 4 274 909 1,115 1,021 538 148 per 1000 females. . . 1,493 667 2,000 2,011 1,840 1,380 1,067 614 Children surviving ...... 3,988 4 275 906 1,115 1,001 539 148 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 100.0 100.4 99.7 100.0 98.0 100.2 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 540 1 25 109 124 150 98 33 per 1000 females. . . 201 167 182 241 205 203 194 137

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 2,008 5 151 420 539 451 274 168 Children ever born ...... 5,337 16 427 1,388 1,590 1,104 570 242 per 1000 females. . . 2,658 3,200 2,828 3,305 2,950 2,448 2,080 1,440 Children surviving ...... 5,322 16 425 1,386 1,585 1,102 566 242 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 100.0 99.5 99.9 99.7 99.8 99.3 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 361 - 22 75 94 83 61 26 per 1000 females. . . 180 - 146 179 174 184 223 155

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 1,687 6 187 357 465 350 136 186 Children ever born ...... 6,432 29 783 1,529 1,906 1,312 411 462 per 1000 females. . . 3,813 4,833 4,187 4,283 4,099 3,749 3,022 2,484 Children surviving ...... 6,441 29 783 1,529 1,914 1,307 412 467 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.4 99.6 100.2 101.1 Children born last 12 months . 208 1 24 41 62 49 12 19 per 1000 females. . . 123 167 128 115 133 140 88 102

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 1,500 9 232 417 371 226 100 145 Children ever born ...... 6,899 35 1,127 2,039 1,798 989 407 504 per 1000 females. . . 4,599 3,889 4,858 4,890 4,846 4,376 4,070 3,476 Children surviving ...... 6,868 35 1,122 2,037 1,784 982 407 501 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.6 100.0 99.6 99.9 99.2 99.3 100.0 99.4 Children born last 12 months . 90 1 16 36 19 10 3 5 per 1000 females. . . 60 111 69 86 51 44 30 34

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 1,260 8 350 306 232 176 78 110 Children ever born ...... 6,091 33 1,769 1,627 1,134 849 354 325 per 1000 females. . . 4,834 4,125 5,054 5,317 4,888 4,824 4,538 2,955 Children surviving ...... 6,091 33 1,791 1,609 1,136 844 353 325 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.0 100.0 101.2 98.9 100.2 99.4 99.7 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 12 - 2 6 2 - 1 1 per 1000 females. . . 10 - 6 20 9 - 13 9

Total Fertility Rate. . . 2,870 2,225 2,655 3,205 2,860 2,855 2,740 2,185

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Tongatapu ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 9,141 34 1,057 1,952 2,213 1,943 1,092 850 Birth in last year ...... 1,205 3 88 266 301 289 174 84 Female ...... 576 1 43 130 145 135 83 39 Still alive...... 574 1 43 129 144 135 83 39 Male ...... 629 2 45 136 156 154 91 45 Still alive...... 628 2 45 136 156 153 91 45

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 7,140 24 912 1,683 1,839 1,436 728 518 Less than 18 ...... 191 3 44 81 34 23 1 5 18 or 19 ...... 742 4 137 240 235 90 25 11 20 ...... 672 4 111 181 192 119 42 23 21 ...... 680 - 82 184 192 133 58 31 22 ...... 787 3 100 175 201 173 91 44 23 ...... 707 - 66 151 196 173 74 47 24 ...... 660 - 67 128 173 156 90 46 25 or 26 ...... 1,078 5 95 210 253 259 149 107 27 to 29 ...... 897 2 100 174 205 182 129 105 30 to 34 ...... 530 2 75 108 113 102 52 78 35 or more ...... 196 1 35 51 45 26 17 21

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 13,031 72 1,467 2,517 3,118 2,667 1,765 1,425 Father died...... 13,930 241 4,155 3,013 2,862 1,668 866 1,125

Mother alive ...... 15,661 92 1,911 3,059 3,708 3,178 1,993 1,720 Mother died...... 11,300 221 3,711 2,471 2,272 1,157 638 830 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Tongatapu ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 10,348 - 2,628 2,113 3,609 802 1,196 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 193 - 79 53 42 12 7 - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 294 - 88 60 98 13 35 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 575 - 160 137 194 43 41 - European style, brick/cement 2,055 - 445 388 676 194 352 - European style, wooden. . . 7,084 - 1,818 1,431 2,557 530 748 - Other ...... 147 - 38 44 42 10 13 -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 9,896 - 2,488 2,003 3,471 778 1,156 - Tank water...... 5,168 - 1,227 962 1,816 423 740 - Well water...... 205 - 59 48 67 19 12 - Other water ...... 91 - 21 23 34 6 7 -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 6,985 - 1,396 1,217 2,574 677 1,121 - Manual toilet ...... 2,360 - 770 596 776 126 92 - Pit toilet...... 1,794 - 709 453 524 61 47 - No toilet ...... 45 - 16 15 12 - 2 - Other type of toilet. . . . 39 - 9 5 17 2 6 -

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 9,097 - 2,145 1,775 3,246 757 1,174 - Generator ...... 152 - 24 27 53 11 37 - Kerosene...... 2,946 - 965 688 956 171 166 - Benzine ...... 273 - 74 67 107 10 15 - Solar ...... 71 - 3 5 19 4 40 - Other lighting...... 259 - 57 48 97 23 34 -

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 1,291 - 263 221 412 141 254 - Gas cooking ...... 6,779 - 1,334 1,184 2,546 656 1,059 - Firewood cooking...... 7,105 - 2,079 1,603 2,458 439 526 - Kerosene cooking...... 2,130 - 647 535 739 112 97 - Other cooking ...... 65 - 16 6 28 6 9 -

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 9,377 - 2,318 1,854 3,300 757 1,148 - Bicycle ...... 4,174 - 1,069 845 1,425 317 518 - Boat...... 506 - 134 91 149 38 94 - Hot and cold water. . . . . 753 - 71 61 195 96 330 - Shower...... 9,009 - 2,250 1,775 3,151 726 1,107 - Vehicle ...... 4,470 - 747 706 1,687 461 869 - Refrigerator...... 6,153 - 1,263 1,066 2,251 581 992 - Television...... 5,846 - 1,120 1,014 2,171 586 955 - Video ...... 4,553 - 860 814 1,652 444 783 - Computer...... 299 - 13 11 47 35 193 -

Cattle...... 1,473 - 328 269 526 116 234 - Horses...... 1,125 - 384 255 348 68 70 - Pigs...... 7,781 - 2,113 1,683 2,750 545 690 - Chickens...... 5,720 - 1,652 1,270 1,955 386 457 - Goats ...... 674 - 198 113 247 46 70 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 6,223 - 1,762 1,367 2,156 396 542 - Squash only ...... 44 - 9 5 19 4 7 - Squash and crops...... 977 - 229 211 359 87 91 - No crops grown...... 3,104 - 628 530 1,075 315 556 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 8,342 - 2,338 1,815 2,914 604 671 - Rented...... 496 - 27 37 102 68 262 - Rent free ...... 1,316 - 228 227 524 110 227 - Other ...... 183 - 33 33 67 19 31 - Institution ...... 11 - 2 1 2 1 5 - Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 8,539 - 2,356 1,850 2,957 611 765 - Bury...... 468 - 96 87 175 39 71 - Lagoon/Ocean...... 92 - 15 24 37 8 8 - Others...... 1,249 - 161 152 440 144 352 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 1,138 3 98 198 276 344 140 79 30 to 34 years...... 951 4 92 217 264 215 96 63 35 to 39 years...... 732 9 111 152 221 136 51 52 40 to 44 years...... 686 4 143 191 164 99 38 47 45 to 49 years...... 600 9 172 173 126 63 16 41 50 to 54 years...... 580 13 219 141 108 45 20 34 55 to 59 years...... 491 7 208 89 108 44 23 12 60 to 64 years...... 445 9 239 72 74 28 15 8 65 to 69 years...... 350 12 190 66 48 21 9 4 70 to 74 years...... 273 10 167 35 34 15 9 3 75 to 79 years...... 175 9 109 28 14 12 3 - 80 to 84 years...... 98 7 69 9 8 3 - 2 85 years and over . . . . . 49 5 36 3 3 1 - 1 Median...... 43.4 60.8 57.2 43.1 39.2 33.9 33.6 38.0 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 25.8 98.1 69.8 17.7 13.9 8.4 9.3 5.4 Total dependency...... 25.8 98.1 69.8 17.7 13.9 8.4 9.3 5.4

Males...... 3,246 60 896 645 716 514 215 200 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 585 2 60 110 144 169 65 35 30 to 34 years...... 469 2 47 111 122 100 42 45 35 to 39 years...... 357 6 58 65 102 68 26 32 40 to 44 years...... 325 2 71 82 77 44 24 25 45 to 49 years...... 280 7 72 77 62 34 8 20 50 to 54 years...... 299 9 105 66 55 24 12 28 55 to 59 years...... 233 3 102 36 50 21 14 7 60 to 64 years...... 231 5 122 32 40 18 10 4 65 to 69 years...... 181 8 95 30 25 16 4 3 70 to 74 years...... 149 9 85 16 22 9 7 1 75 to 79 years...... 77 3 39 14 9 9 3 - 80 to 84 years...... 44 3 29 6 5 1 - - 85 years and over . . . . . 16 1 11 - 3 1 - - Median...... 43.3 58.3 56.7 42.2 39.5 34.4 35.1 38.1 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 27.4 93.5 74.0 17.9 17.0 11.7 12.6 4.2 Total dependency...... 27.4 93.5 74.0 17.9 17.0 11.7 12.6 4.2

Females...... 3,322 41 957 729 732 512 205 146 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 553 1 38 88 132 175 75 44 30 to 34 years...... 482 2 45 106 142 115 54 18 35 to 39 years...... 375 3 53 87 119 68 25 20 40 to 44 years...... 361 2 72 109 87 55 14 22 45 to 49 years...... 320 2 100 96 64 29 8 21 50 to 54 years...... 281 4 114 75 53 21 8 6 55 to 59 years...... 258 4 106 53 58 23 9 5 60 to 64 years...... 214 4 117 40 34 10 5 4 65 to 69 years...... 169 4 95 36 23 5 5 1 70 to 74 years...... 124 1 82 19 12 6 2 2 75 to 79 years...... 98 6 70 14 5 3 - - 80 to 84 years...... 54 4 40 3 3 2 - 2 85 years and over . . . . . 33 4 25 3 - - - 1 Median...... 43.5 63.1 57.7 43.8 38.9 33.5 32.5 37.8 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 24.3 104.5 66.5 17.6 11.2 5.2 6.1 7.1 Total dependency...... 24.3 104.5 66.5 17.6 11.2 5.2 6.1 7.1 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 6,400 98 1,843 1,362 1,441 1,010 394 252 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 215 - 16 31 50 73 33 12 26...... 266 1 22 50 59 91 34 9 27...... 229 - 22 41 61 66 24 15 28...... 223 1 16 41 58 63 27 17 29...... 178 1 22 34 47 46 18 10 30...... 223 - 12 56 58 60 26 11 31...... 182 1 16 39 51 44 18 13 32...... 183 1 21 45 50 42 18 6 33...... 179 1 20 37 60 44 11 6 34...... 154 1 23 38 45 23 14 10 35...... 141 - 21 28 46 30 7 9 36...... 168 3 21 25 59 39 14 7 37...... 136 - 21 29 45 24 9 8 38...... 139 3 25 37 35 20 12 7 39...... 129 3 23 31 35 20 8 9 40...... 131 1 22 43 26 21 10 8 41...... 140 1 30 45 32 17 7 8 42...... 138 1 29 31 42 21 7 7 43...... 142 1 22 39 35 26 10 9 44...... 124 - 39 32 29 13 3 8 45...... 107 1 26 30 26 10 4 10 46...... 119 2 36 30 32 13 3 3 47...... 119 2 39 35 24 13 1 5 48...... 119 2 33 40 22 14 2 6 49...... 119 2 37 38 22 11 4 5 50...... 141 1 52 31 28 18 4 7 51...... 130 2 50 39 21 8 2 8 52...... 70 2 24 21 17 1 3 2 53...... 100 3 41 24 19 10 3 - 54...... 117 4 52 26 21 8 4 2 55...... 85 1 35 16 20 9 2 2 56...... 118 1 52 26 22 11 6 - 57...... 90 1 29 21 26 5 5 3 58...... 99 3 43 13 23 12 3 2 59...... 89 1 48 12 17 6 5 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 115 2 57 24 24 6 2 - 61...... 63 2 34 5 16 3 2 1 62...... 79 2 47 13 11 2 4 - 63...... 77 1 41 12 12 8 2 1 64...... 96 2 57 15 10 9 3 - 65...... 80 2 42 16 13 5 2 - 66...... 78 3 42 15 12 4 2 - 67...... 56 1 28 15 10 1 1 - 68...... 70 4 42 6 9 6 1 2 69...... 60 1 35 14 3 4 2 1 70...... 70 1 45 8 8 4 3 1 71...... 57 2 37 6 7 4 1 - 72...... 47 1 31 8 3 3 1 - 73...... 48 2 27 7 9 2 1 - 74...... 46 4 25 6 6 2 3 - 75...... 43 3 24 6 6 3 1 - 76...... 41 1 26 6 4 3 1 - 77...... 31 1 19 8 1 2 - - 78...... 33 4 25 - 1 2 1 - 79...... 23 - 14 6 2 1 - - 80...... 26 1 17 3 4 1 - - 81...... 23 1 20 1 - 1 - - 82...... 15 2 12 - 1 - - - 83...... 13 2 8 1 1 1 - - 84...... 19 - 12 4 2 - - 1 85...... 7 1 5 - 1 - - - 86...... 7 - 5 - 1 - - 1 87...... 6 - 4 1 1 - - - 88...... 9 1 7 - - 1 - - 89...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 90...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 91...... 3 1 1 1 - - - - 92...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 93...... 3 - 2 1 - - - - 94...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 95...... ------96...... 4 2 2 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 3,247 41 954 720 730 508 196 98 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 100 - 8 12 23 28 22 7 26...... 137 - 7 21 25 60 19 5 27...... 112 - 7 19 28 36 14 8 28...... 101 - 8 21 31 28 8 5 29...... 84 1 8 14 25 21 10 5 30...... 118 - 5 26 33 35 17 2 31...... 81 - 9 18 27 16 7 4 32...... 90 1 7 18 29 24 10 1 33...... 104 1 10 21 36 28 7 1 34...... 77 - 14 22 17 12 8 4 35...... 76 - 13 14 29 12 5 3 36...... 87 2 10 17 29 20 6 3 37...... 68 - 6 18 24 14 3 3 38...... 75 - 12 23 18 13 6 3 39...... 59 1 12 13 18 8 5 2 40...... 64 - 8 25 15 10 3 3 41...... 80 1 20 23 18 8 6 4 42...... 68 - 13 17 22 11 1 4 43...... 76 1 13 24 16 16 2 4 44...... 69 - 18 19 16 9 2 5 45...... 57 - 17 16 12 5 1 6 46...... 60 - 18 18 17 5 1 1 47...... 67 - 26 19 12 7 - 3 48...... 60 1 17 22 11 5 2 2 49...... 68 1 22 21 12 7 3 2 50...... 67 1 27 20 9 8 1 1 51...... 68 1 27 18 15 4 1 2 52...... 31 - 11 11 7 - 1 1 53...... 49 1 19 11 11 5 2 - 54...... 62 1 30 15 10 4 2 - 55...... 48 - 19 9 12 6 1 1 56...... 60 - 23 14 15 7 1 - 57...... 49 1 12 14 16 3 3 - 58...... 52 2 25 9 10 3 2 1 59...... 45 1 27 6 5 4 2 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 52 1 24 14 10 3 - - 61...... 37 2 21 4 10 - - - 62...... 39 - 26 6 5 1 1 - 63...... 34 - 19 6 3 4 2 - 64...... 46 1 26 9 6 2 2 - 65...... 41 1 22 8 8 - 2 - 66...... 35 1 19 8 5 2 - - 67...... 30 - 15 9 6 - - - 68...... 30 1 18 5 3 2 1 - 69...... 31 1 20 6 1 1 2 - 70...... 34 - 24 4 2 2 2 - 71...... 25 - 18 4 3 - - - 72...... 22 1 16 2 1 2 - - 73...... 22 - 13 5 3 1 - - 74...... 18 - 10 4 3 1 - - 75...... 20 1 14 2 3 - - - 76...... 21 1 15 4 1 - - - 77...... 18 1 14 2 - 1 - - 78...... 24 3 20 - - 1 - - 79...... 13 - 7 4 1 1 - - 80...... 15 1 12 - 1 1 - - 81...... 11 1 9 - - 1 - - 82...... 10 1 8 - 1 - - - 83...... 6 1 4 1 - - - - 84...... 11 - 7 2 1 - - 1 85...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 86...... 4 - 3 - - - - 1 87...... 5 - 4 1 - - - - 88...... 5 1 4 - - - - - 89...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 90...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 91...... 2 1 - 1 - - - - 92...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 93...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 94...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 95...... ------96...... 4 2 2 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 3,153 57 889 642 711 502 198 154 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 115 - 8 19 27 45 11 5 26...... 129 1 15 29 34 31 15 4 27...... 117 - 15 22 33 30 10 7 28...... 122 1 8 20 27 35 19 12 29...... 94 - 14 20 22 25 8 5 30...... 105 - 7 30 25 25 9 9 31...... 101 1 7 21 24 28 11 9 32...... 93 - 14 27 21 18 8 5 33...... 75 - 10 16 24 16 4 5 34...... 77 1 9 16 28 11 6 6 35...... 65 - 8 14 17 18 2 6 36...... 81 1 11 8 30 19 8 4 37...... 68 - 15 11 21 10 6 5 38...... 64 3 13 14 17 7 6 4 39...... 70 2 11 18 17 12 3 7 40...... 67 1 14 18 11 11 7 5 41...... 60 - 10 22 14 9 1 4 42...... 70 1 16 14 20 10 6 3 43...... 66 - 9 15 19 10 8 5 44...... 55 - 21 13 13 4 1 3 45...... 50 1 9 14 14 5 3 4 46...... 59 2 18 12 15 8 2 2 47...... 52 2 13 16 12 6 1 2 48...... 59 1 16 18 11 9 - 4 49...... 51 1 15 17 10 4 1 3 50...... 74 - 25 11 19 10 3 6 51...... 62 1 23 21 6 4 1 6 52...... 39 2 13 10 10 1 2 1 53...... 51 2 22 13 8 5 1 - 54...... 55 3 22 11 11 4 2 2 55...... 37 1 16 7 8 3 1 1 56...... 58 1 29 12 7 4 5 - 57...... 41 - 17 7 10 2 2 3 58...... 47 1 18 4 13 9 1 1 59...... 44 - 21 6 12 2 3 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 63 1 33 10 14 3 2 - 61...... 26 - 13 1 6 3 2 1 62...... 40 2 21 7 6 1 3 - 63...... 43 1 22 6 9 4 - 1 64...... 50 1 31 6 4 7 1 - 65...... 39 1 20 8 5 5 - - 66...... 43 2 23 7 7 2 2 - 67...... 26 1 13 6 4 1 1 - 68...... 40 3 24 1 6 4 - 2 69...... 29 - 15 8 2 3 - 1 70...... 36 1 21 4 6 2 1 1 71...... 32 2 19 2 4 4 1 - 72...... 25 - 15 6 2 1 1 - 73...... 26 2 14 2 6 1 1 - 74...... 28 4 15 2 3 1 3 - 75...... 23 2 10 4 3 3 1 - 76...... 20 - 11 2 3 3 1 - 77...... 13 - 5 6 1 1 - - 78...... 9 1 5 - 1 1 1 - 79...... 10 - 7 2 1 - - - 80...... 11 - 5 3 3 - - - 81...... 12 - 11 1 - - - - 82...... 5 1 4 - - - - - 83...... 7 1 4 - 1 1 - - 84...... 8 - 5 2 1 - - - 85...... 4 1 2 - 1 - - - 86...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 87...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 88...... 4 - 3 - - 1 - - 89...... ------90...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 91...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 92...... ------93...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 Head...... 2,660 54 913 511 545 338 142 157 Spouse...... 1,785 17 505 458 402 250 99 54 Son ...... 546 3 64 117 147 134 57 24 Daughter...... 506 5 66 74 146 140 50 25 Brother ...... 83 2 26 18 11 15 7 4 Sister...... 75 - 24 17 19 9 1 5 Child of spouse ...... 104 2 12 20 23 29 13 5 Grandchild...... 43 1 5 9 13 11 4 - Father...... 16 1 7 2 3 3 - - Mother...... 91 3 61 18 7 1 - 1 Parent of spouse...... 60 5 37 9 7 2 - - Other relatives ...... 168 2 50 37 37 24 12 6 No relation ...... 431 6 83 84 88 70 35 65 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 Tongan...... 6,312 95 1,829 1,342 1,422 995 385 244 Part-Tongan ...... 88 3 14 20 19 15 9 8 European...... 99 - 2 2 3 4 16 72 Fijian...... 8 - 1 - - 2 2 3 Samoan...... 11 1 3 2 - 2 3 - Indian...... 3 - - - - 1 - 2 Chinese ...... ------Japanese...... 1 ------1 Other Pacific Islands . . . 19 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 Other Asian ...... 27 - 1 5 2 4 2 13 Not elsewhere specified . . ------Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 FWC ...... 2,904 39 811 598 685 434 206 131 Catholic...... 701 9 185 123 160 138 41 45 LDS ...... 712 12 150 142 147 165 70 26 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 1,134 18 400 258 235 146 43 34 Church of Tonga ...... 407 9 149 104 81 33 12 19 Tokaikolo ...... 211 3 54 51 51 33 12 7 Anglican...... 25 - 2 2 4 1 3 13 SDA ...... 132 3 31 30 21 28 5 14 AOG ...... 73 2 13 17 15 13 9 4 Tonga Konisituto...... 112 5 40 20 19 17 6 5 Gospel Church ...... 7 - 1 2 3 1 - - Bahai Faith ...... 62 1 12 17 15 8 5 4 Moslem...... ------Hindu ...... 1 - - - - 1 - - Buddhist...... 1 ------1 Others...... 47 - 4 8 11 5 4 15 Refuse to answer...... 9 - - 1 - - 3 5 None...... 30 - 1 1 1 3 1 23 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 3,153 57 889 642 711 502 198 154 Never married ...... 567 8 121 112 132 117 45 32 Married ...... 2,403 44 683 494 547 367 147 121 Widowed ...... 119 4 66 17 19 9 3 1 Divorced or separated . . . 63 1 19 19 13 8 3 - Not stated...... 1 - - - - 1 - -

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 3,247 41 954 720 730 508 196 98 Never married ...... 436 3 82 69 112 96 49 25 Married ...... 2,370 24 636 562 557 387 136 68 Widowed ...... 371 12 216 64 50 19 8 2 Divorced or separated . . . 70 2 20 25 11 6 3 3 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Vava'u ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 Tonga ...... 6,419 99 1,848 1,370 1,443 1,014 391 254 Tongatapu ...... 648 11 136 127 154 115 53 52 Vava'u...... 5,189 78 1,523 1,107 1,182 812 306 181 Ha'apai ...... 407 7 135 91 71 62 23 18 Eua ...... 40 - 4 10 14 6 3 3 Niuas ...... 135 3 50 35 22 19 6 - Elsewhere ...... 149 2 5 4 5 12 29 92

Males ...... 3,246 60 896 645 716 514 215 200 Tonga ...... 3,166 58 892 643 713 506 197 157 Tongatapu ...... 284 6 52 48 67 49 24 38 Vava'u...... 2,658 46 776 549 599 424 159 105 Ha'apai ...... 163 4 46 30 34 26 10 13 Eua ...... 16 - 2 5 5 1 2 1 Niuas ...... 45 2 16 11 8 6 2 - Elsewhere ...... 80 2 4 2 3 8 18 43

Females ...... 3,322 41 957 729 732 512 205 146 Tonga ...... 3,253 41 956 727 730 508 194 97 Tongatapu ...... 364 5 84 79 87 66 29 14 Vava'u...... 2,531 32 747 558 583 388 147 76 Ha'apai ...... 244 3 89 61 37 36 13 5 Eua ...... 24 - 2 5 9 5 1 2 Niuas ...... 90 1 34 24 14 13 4 - Elsewhere ...... 69 - 1 2 2 4 11 49

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 6,568 101 1,853 1,374 1,448 1,026 420 346 Tonga ...... 6,450 101 1,848 1,369 1,435 1,012 404 281 Tongatapu ...... 165 - 25 22 41 28 18 31 Vava'u...... 6,224 100 1,811 1,330 1,382 975 382 244 Ha'apai ...... 33 - 9 9 6 5 2 2 Eua ...... 10 - - 1 3 1 2 3 Niuas ...... 18 1 3 7 3 3 - 1 Elsewhere ...... 118 - 5 5 13 14 16 65

Males ...... 3,246 60 896 645 716 514 215 200 Tonga ...... 3,181 60 892 643 707 505 207 167 Tongatapu ...... 85 - 9 9 18 17 9 23 Vava'u...... 3,069 60 878 628 684 483 196 140 Ha'apai ...... 15 - 3 3 3 4 1 1 Eua ...... 4 - - - - 1 1 2 Niuas ...... 8 - 2 3 2 - - 1 Elsewhere ...... 65 - 4 2 9 9 8 33

Females ...... 3,322 41 957 729 732 512 205 146 Tonga ...... 3,269 41 956 726 728 507 197 114 Tongatapu ...... 80 - 16 13 23 11 9 8 Vava'u...... 3,155 40 933 702 698 492 186 104 Ha'apai ...... 18 - 6 6 3 1 1 1 Eua ...... 6 - - 1 3 - 1 1 Niuas ...... 10 1 1 4 1 3 - - Elsewhere ...... 53 - 1 3 4 5 8 32 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Vava'u ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 6,400 98 1,843 1,362 1,441 1,010 394 252 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 1,941 98 1,843 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 1,362 - - 1,362 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 2,451 - - - 1,441 1,010 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 394 - - - - - 394 - Tertiary...... 252 ------252 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 48.4 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 4,228 44 1,067 884 951 741 311 230 No qualification...... 1,099 42 1,042 4 7 3 - 1 Primary school...... 1,802 1 25 879 735 161 1 - Lower leavers ...... 104 - - 1 54 38 11 - Tonga high learn...... 427 - - - 155 228 44 - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 439 1 - - - 305 133 - University entr/PSSC...... 110 - - - - 2 108 - Form 7 Certificate...... 9 - - - - - 9 - Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 37 - - - - 2 - 35 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 156 - - - - 2 5 149 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 38 ------38 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... 6 ------6 Post graduate PhD ...... 1 ------1 Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 6,400 98 1,843 1,362 1,441 1,010 394 252 Literate in English and Tongan. . 4,145 6 370 862 1,290 980 389 248 Literate in English only. . . . . 4 - 2 1 - 1 - - Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 2,155 82 1,424 486 136 22 3 2 Illiterate...... 95 10 47 13 15 6 2 2 Not requested ...... 1 - - - - 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Vava'u ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 3,247 41 954 720 730 508 196 98 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 995 41 954 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 720 - - 720 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 1,238 - - - 730 508 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 196 - - - - - 196 - Tertiary...... 98 ------98 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 47.2 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 1,634 7 386 349 354 313 134 91 No qualification...... 382 6 370 1 4 1 - - Primary school...... 688 - 16 347 267 57 1 - Lower leavers ...... 35 - - 1 18 11 5 - Tonga high learn...... 181 - - - 65 100 16 - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 204 1 - - - 140 63 - University entr/PSSC...... 46 - - - - 2 44 - Form 7 Certificate...... 3 - - - - - 3 - Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 15 - - - - 1 - 14 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 66 - - - - 1 2 63 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 11 ------11 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... 3 ------3 Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 3,247 41 954 720 730 508 196 98 Literate in English and Tongan. . 2,097 4 206 446 653 499 193 96 Literate in English only. . . . . 3 - 1 1 - 1 - - Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 1,105 33 726 267 70 6 1 2 Illiterate...... 42 4 21 6 7 2 2 - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Vava'u ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 6,400 98 1,843 1,362 1,441 1,010 394 252 Economically active . . . . 4,494 48 1,130 957 1,015 784 322 238 Employed full/part time . 1,414 6 140 162 295 377 215 219 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 1,390 31 478 360 314 163 39 5 Mainly housework. . . . . 1,419 7 448 360 341 201 57 5 Temporarily absent. . . . 5 - 1 2 1 - - 1 Unemployed...... 266 4 63 73 64 43 11 8 Economically inactive . . . 1,906 50 713 405 426 226 72 14 Housework only...... 1,425 17 431 347 372 197 59 2 Student only...... 11 - - - 1 1 2 7 Retired ...... 379 27 243 46 32 17 10 4 Disabled/handicapped. . . 74 4 36 9 15 9 - 1 Other and not stated. . . 17 2 3 3 6 2 1 -

Females 15+ years. . . 3,247 41 954 720 730 508 196 98 Economically active . . . . 1,681 9 396 361 364 321 138 92 Employed full/part time . 434 2 15 23 75 146 86 87 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 164 1 52 51 38 15 7 - Mainly housework. . . . . 1,035 4 319 274 241 152 41 4 Temporarily absent. . . . 1 - - 1 - - - - Unemployed...... 47 2 10 12 10 8 4 1 Economically inactive . . . 1,566 32 558 359 366 187 58 6 Housework only...... 1,329 15 403 329 346 179 55 2 Student only...... 5 - - - 1 1 1 2 Retired ...... 195 14 136 26 12 3 2 2 Disabled/handicapped. . . 31 1 17 4 6 3 - - Other and not stated. . . 6 2 2 - 1 1 - -

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 2,809 38 926 720 655 364 96 10 Own/family use/Never sell 1,457 24 516 355 293 195 66 8 Occasionally sell . . . . 1,090 13 313 305 299 135 23 2 Regularly sell...... 262 1 97 60 63 34 7 - Farming and gardening . . . 1,501 32 514 369 347 188 45 6 Own/family use/Never sell 832 22 300 196 174 106 30 4 Occasionally sell . . . . 537 10 165 146 141 61 12 2 Regularly sell...... 132 - 49 27 32 21 3 - Fishing ...... 113 2 43 26 27 11 4 - Own/family use/Never sell 42 1 18 9 9 2 3 - Occasionally sell . . . . 49 - 14 14 14 6 1 - Regularly sell...... 22 1 11 3 4 3 - - Weaving ...... 1,195 4 369 325 281 165 47 4 Own/family use/Never sell 583 1 198 150 110 87 33 4 Occasionally sell . . . . 504 3 134 145 144 68 10 - Regularly sell...... 108 - 37 30 27 10 4 -

Females 15 years and over 1,199 5 371 325 279 167 48 4 Own/family use/Never sell 585 2 198 150 108 89 34 4 Occasionally sell . . . . 507 3 138 144 145 67 10 - Regularly sell...... 107 - 35 31 26 11 4 - Farming and gardening . . . 14 1 5 1 1 5 1 - Own/family use/Never sell 9 1 3 - - 4 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 3 - 2 - 1 - - - Regularly sell...... 2 - - 1 - 1 - - Fishing ...... 7 - 4 1 2 - - - Own/family use/Never sell 2 - 1 1 - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 4 - 2 - 2 - - - Regularly sell...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Weaving ...... 1,178 4 362 323 276 162 47 4 Own/family use/Never sell 574 1 194 149 108 85 33 4 Occasionally sell . . . . 500 3 134 144 142 67 10 - Regularly sell...... 104 - 34 30 26 10 4 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Vava'u ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 4,228 44 1,067 884 951 741 311 230 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 61 - 7 6 10 7 12 19 Professionals ...... 248 - 7 12 29 29 31 140 Techn. & associated techs . 195 - 5 2 39 64 44 41 Clerks...... 199 1 1 4 18 87 74 14 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 204 1 17 22 54 83 25 2 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 1,629 33 559 401 384 198 48 6 Craft & related trades workers 1,382 6 397 367 329 213 64 6 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 99 - 15 32 31 19 2 - Elementary occupations. . . 197 3 59 38 56 32 8 1 Armed forces...... 14 - - - 1 9 3 1

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 4,228 44 1,067 884 951 741 311 230 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 1,489 30 511 366 349 183 44 6 Fishing ...... 123 3 43 30 30 13 4 - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 1,231 5 378 329 289 174 52 4 Utilities ...... 64 - 5 10 14 23 11 1 Construction...... 47 - 4 12 17 11 3 - Wholesale and retail trade. 185 3 16 24 46 58 26 12 Hotels and restaurants. . . 72 - 13 13 19 21 6 - Transport, storage and comm. 107 - 11 21 22 33 16 4 Financial intemediation . . 45 - - 2 4 11 20 8 Real estate, renting, business 6 - - - 2 2 1 1 Public admin. and defense . 394 2 57 46 78 115 60 36 Education ...... 244 - 1 2 21 49 41 130 Health and social work. . . 50 - 2 2 10 15 8 13 Other community social. . . 137 - 18 20 42 30 19 8 Private households with employ 26 1 8 7 8 2 - - Extra-territorial organization 8 - - - - 1 - 7

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 4,228 44 1,067 884 951 741 311 230 Own account worker. . . . . 1,433 14 417 386 388 186 39 3 Employer...... 11 - 1 4 2 1 1 2 Employee -- government. . . 626 2 59 51 104 168 96 146 Employee -- quasi-government 167 - 10 15 28 57 45 12 Employee -- private . . . . 515 4 61 74 130 131 63 52 Unpaid family worker. . . . 1,469 24 519 354 299 198 67 8 Others...... 7 ------7 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Vava'u ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 1,634 7 386 349 354 313 134 91 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 5 - - - - - 3 2 Professionals ...... 80 - - - 4 11 7 58 Techn. & associated techs . 99 - - - 19 40 20 20 Clerks...... 114 1 1 2 5 57 41 7 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 98 - 6 14 32 34 12 - Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 16 - 8 2 2 3 1 - Craft & related trades workers 1,192 5 365 324 283 164 47 4 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 1 - - - 1 - - - Elementary occupations. . . 29 1 6 7 8 4 3 - Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 1,634 7 386 349 354 313 134 91 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 14 - 6 2 2 3 1 - Fishing ...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 1,191 5 363 324 282 165 48 4 Utilities ...... 8 - - - - 4 4 - Construction...... ------Wholesale and retail trade. 73 1 5 5 17 29 13 3 Hotels and restaurants. . . 38 - 5 9 10 9 5 - Transport, storage and comm. 29 - - 1 2 17 7 2 Financial intemediation . . 17 - - - 1 6 9 1 Real estate, renting, business ------Public admin. and defense . 62 - - 2 9 24 19 8 Education ...... 131 - - 1 13 35 19 63 Health and social work. . . 40 - 2 2 10 14 6 6 Other community social. . . 16 - 1 1 4 6 3 1 Private households with employ 9 1 2 2 3 1 - - Extra-territorial organization 3 ------3

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 1,634 7 386 349 354 313 134 91 Own account worker. . . . . 639 3 177 181 173 85 20 - Employer...... 3 - - 1 1 - 1 - Employee -- government. . . 207 - 2 5 29 67 38 66 Employee -- quasi-government 45 - - 1 3 20 18 3 Employee -- private . . . . 144 2 9 12 35 49 22 15 Unpaid family worker. . . . 593 2 198 149 113 92 35 4 Others...... 3 ------3 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 553 1 38 88 132 175 75 44 Children ever born ...... 769 1 61 171 231 209 64 32 per 1000 females. . . 1,391 1,000 1,605 1,943 1,750 1,194 853 727 Children surviving ...... 767 1 61 169 231 209 64 32 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 100.0 100.0 98.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 111 - 3 19 29 36 15 9 per 1000 females. . . 201 - 79 216 220 206 200 205

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 482 2 45 106 142 115 54 18 Children ever born ...... 1,393 8 148 342 419 317 122 37 per 1000 females. . . 2,890 4,000 3,289 3,226 2,951 2,757 2,259 2,056 Children surviving ...... 1,393 8 150 341 419 315 123 37 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.0 100.0 101.4 99.7 100.0 99.4 100.8 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 108 1 14 22 30 28 12 1 per 1000 females. . . 224 500 311 208 211 243 222 56

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 375 3 53 87 119 68 25 20 Children ever born ...... 1,514 18 227 390 482 242 115 40 per 1000 females. . . 4,037 6,000 4,283 4,483 4,050 3,559 4,600 2,000 Children surviving ...... 1,507 18 226 389 482 237 115 40 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 100.0 99.6 99.7 100.0 97.9 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 62 1 12 15 18 9 4 3 per 1000 females. . . 165 333 226 172 151 132 160 150

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 361 2 72 109 87 55 14 22 Children ever born ...... 1,752 13 382 575 411 239 53 79 per 1000 females. . . 4,853 6,500 5,306 5,275 4,724 4,345 3,786 3,591 Children surviving ...... 1,747 11 380 574 412 237 53 80 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 84.6 99.5 99.8 100.2 99.2 100.0 101.3 Children born last 12 months . 20 - 6 7 2 1 1 3 per 1000 females. . . 55 - 83 64 23 18 71 136

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 320 2 100 96 64 29 8 21 Children ever born ...... 1,644 3 572 519 337 127 33 53 per 1000 females. . . 5,138 1,500 5,720 5,406 5,266 4,379 4,125 2,524 Children surviving ...... 1,643 3 573 515 339 127 33 53 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.9 100.0 100.2 99.2 100.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 5 - 2 1 1 1 - - per 1000 females. . . 16 - 20 10 16 34 - -

Total Fertility Rate. . . 3,305 4,165 3,595 3,350 3,105 3,165 3,265 2,735

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Vava'u ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 2,091 10 308 486 544 442 176 125 Birth in last year ...... 306 2 37 64 80 75 32 16 Female ...... 151 1 18 33 40 32 17 10 Still alive...... 151 1 18 33 40 32 17 10 Male ...... 155 1 19 31 40 43 15 6 Still alive...... 155 1 19 31 40 43 15 6

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 1,641 9 265 418 443 322 115 69 Less than 18 ...... 31 - 12 9 7 3 - - 18 or 19 ...... 163 2 26 65 41 23 2 4 20 ...... 144 - 30 45 38 21 7 3 21 ...... 162 1 31 46 41 29 11 3 22 ...... 174 2 25 60 50 27 7 3 23 ...... 160 - 29 36 40 31 18 6 24 ...... 176 - 27 41 48 44 11 5 25 or 26 ...... 256 1 27 47 74 58 30 19 27 to 29 ...... 203 3 27 32 61 51 18 11 30 to 34 ...... 121 - 22 27 31 22 7 12 35 or more ...... 51 - 9 10 12 13 4 3

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 2,907 20 413 622 751 649 254 198 Father died...... 3,661 81 1,440 752 697 377 166 148

Mother alive ...... 3,741 35 616 795 951 766 311 267 Mother died...... 2,827 66 1,237 579 497 260 109 79 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Vava'u ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 2,631 - 964 509 870 135 153 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 76 - 28 24 17 3 4 - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 86 - 36 15 30 4 1 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 194 - 89 34 55 10 6 - European style, brick/cement 583 - 201 103 195 28 56 - European style, wooden. . . 1,613 - 590 312 549 87 75 - Other ...... 79 - 20 21 24 3 11 -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 1,831 - 633 349 631 101 117 - Tank water...... 1,880 - 716 360 605 100 99 - Well water...... 26 - 14 3 6 3 - - Other water ...... 53 - 18 14 12 1 8 -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 993 - 271 147 370 86 119 - Manual toilet ...... 76 - 31 12 25 3 5 - Pit toilet...... 1,976 - 817 425 607 79 48 - No toilet ...... 17 - 6 5 5 - 1 - Other type of toilet. . . . 6 - 2 1 1 - 2 -

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 1,931 - 650 369 670 114 128 - Generator ...... 61 - 28 2 18 5 8 - Kerosene...... 1,053 - 421 246 306 45 35 - Benzine ...... 126 - 52 28 36 6 4 - Solar ...... 282 - 131 44 83 10 14 - Other lighting...... 35 - 8 11 7 4 5 -

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 257 - 72 46 89 23 27 - Gas cooking ...... 961 - 260 145 358 82 116 - Firewood cooking...... 2,149 - 848 442 694 93 72 - Kerosene cooking...... 853 - 336 178 273 39 27 - Other cooking ...... 10 - 4 1 3 - 2 -

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 2,269 - 794 436 768 127 144 - Bicycle ...... 460 - 142 82 180 27 29 - Boat...... 267 - 100 47 77 16 27 - Hot and cold water. . . . . 214 - 57 43 68 22 24 - Shower...... 2,097 - 749 397 704 112 135 - Vehicle ...... 740 - 194 120 286 63 77 - Refrigerator...... 891 - 248 145 326 72 100 - Television...... 380 - 98 54 146 31 51 - Video ...... 713 - 200 133 259 54 67 - Computer...... 22 - 2 1 6 2 11 -

Cattle...... 584 - 170 116 223 38 37 - Horses...... 774 - 317 166 242 27 22 - Pigs...... 2,378 - 893 471 795 120 99 - Chickens...... 1,948 - 745 381 661 79 82 - Goats ...... 332 - 112 69 124 14 13 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 2,138 - 837 429 692 99 81 - Squash only ...... 8 - 1 2 3 1 1 - Squash and crops...... 81 - 18 15 31 8 9 - No crops grown...... 404 - 108 63 144 27 62 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 2,268 - 904 458 739 97 70 - Rented...... 42 - 3 3 9 5 22 - Rent free ...... 258 - 51 36 95 27 49 - Other ...... 58 - 6 12 25 4 11 - Institution ...... 5 - - - 2 2 1 - Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 2,482 - 933 488 814 117 130 - Bury...... 79 - 24 12 29 10 4 - Lagoon/Ocean...... 17 - 2 4 7 - 4 - Others...... 53 - 5 5 20 8 15 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 569 4 87 122 156 117 48 35 30 to 34 years...... 445 4 87 96 115 90 33 20 35 to 39 years...... 408 2 98 137 91 37 21 22 40 to 44 years...... 353 1 106 97 76 40 11 22 45 to 49 years...... 307 5 139 91 48 13 7 4 50 to 54 years...... 305 6 143 62 63 10 13 8 55 to 59 years...... 311 8 142 87 43 16 11 4 60 to 64 years...... 254 6 145 51 36 10 3 3 65 to 69 years...... 206 4 117 37 26 12 6 4 70 to 74 years...... 131 2 93 20 12 3 - 1 75 to 79 years...... 113 5 72 23 11 - - 2 80 to 84 years...... 55 6 34 9 4 2 - - 85 years and over . . . . . 45 4 30 7 3 1 - - Median...... 44.7 59.1 54.5 43.3 38.9 33.3 34.3 36.7 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 28.5 77.1 56.2 20.5 15.2 8.5 6.2 8.7 Total dependency...... 28.5 77.1 56.2 20.5 15.2 8.5 6.2 8.7

Males...... 1,710 27 578 401 344 192 85 83 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 289 1 46 63 67 63 27 22 30 to 34 years...... 218 2 39 49 51 47 16 14 35 to 39 years...... 203 - 49 61 46 23 12 12 40 to 44 years...... 170 - 47 41 38 22 7 15 45 to 49 years...... 126 - 51 36 27 5 4 3 50 to 54 years...... 154 5 60 28 37 8 10 6 55 to 59 years...... 161 6 63 53 23 9 4 3 60 to 64 years...... 131 1 74 26 21 5 1 3 65 to 69 years...... 99 3 52 14 18 5 4 3 70 to 74 years...... 56 1 42 5 6 2 - - 75 to 79 years...... 61 1 34 17 7 - - 2 80 to 84 years...... 27 4 13 5 3 2 - - 85 years and over . . . . . 15 3 8 3 - 1 - - Median...... 44.3 59.6 54.8 43.4 41.1 33.5 34.8 37.3 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 29.4 92.9 62.8 21.1 19.0 8.5 6.3 10.7 Total dependency...... 29.4 92.9 62.8 21.1 19.0 8.5 6.3 10.7

Females...... 1,792 30 715 438 340 159 68 42 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 280 3 41 59 89 54 21 13 30 to 34 years...... 227 2 48 47 64 43 17 6 35 to 39 years...... 205 2 49 76 45 14 9 10 40 to 44 years...... 183 1 59 56 38 18 4 7 45 to 49 years...... 181 5 88 55 21 8 3 1 50 to 54 years...... 151 1 83 34 26 2 3 2 55 to 59 years...... 150 2 79 34 20 7 7 1 60 to 64 years...... 123 5 71 25 15 5 2 - 65 to 69 years...... 107 1 65 23 8 7 2 1 70 to 74 years...... 75 1 51 15 6 1 - 1 75 to 79 years...... 52 4 38 6 4 - - - 80 to 84 years...... 28 2 21 4 1 - - - 85 years and over . . . . . 30 1 22 4 3 - - - Median...... 45.0 57.5 54.4 43.3 36.9 33.0 33.8 36.0 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 27.7 66.7 51.7 19.9 11.6 8.6 6.1 5.0 Total dependency...... 27.7 66.7 51.7 19.9 11.6 8.6 6.1 5.0 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 3,460 56 1,289 837 683 346 147 102 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 103 2 15 24 29 24 8 1 26...... 106 - 13 20 28 22 14 9 27...... 113 1 17 20 36 25 7 7 28...... 133 1 21 33 41 22 12 3 29...... 105 - 20 25 22 23 6 9 30...... 112 - 20 22 35 23 7 5 31...... 97 1 11 28 29 21 3 4 32...... 89 - 18 21 25 16 8 1 33...... 68 2 18 15 12 13 7 1 34...... 73 1 20 10 14 17 7 4 35...... 91 1 27 25 19 10 9 - 36...... 77 1 15 28 17 8 2 6 37...... 77 - 17 29 15 7 4 5 38...... 79 - 22 26 20 5 3 3 39...... 80 - 17 29 20 6 3 5 40...... 86 - 25 27 17 8 3 6 41...... 65 - 22 16 14 9 - 4 42...... 63 - 20 18 10 9 4 2 43...... 69 - 24 18 13 9 4 1 44...... 65 1 15 17 21 5 - 6 45...... 64 1 26 17 13 1 4 2 46...... 68 1 34 19 9 4 - 1 47...... 47 - 22 14 6 4 1 - 48...... 84 3 39 30 10 1 1 - 49...... 42 - 18 11 10 2 1 - 50...... 70 - 28 17 15 6 1 3 51...... 65 - 30 16 16 - 3 - 52...... 50 1 22 8 14 1 3 1 53...... 60 1 34 7 11 1 5 1 54...... 54 3 29 13 7 2 - - 55...... 62 1 28 14 10 4 3 2 56...... 71 3 25 28 7 5 2 1 57...... 60 1 27 15 12 2 2 1 58...... 68 3 35 15 10 3 2 - 59...... 47 - 27 15 4 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 47 - 26 6 11 3 1 - 61...... 54 1 25 18 5 4 - 1 62...... 46 2 28 6 6 2 1 1 63...... 49 1 26 12 8 - 1 1 64...... 56 2 39 9 6 - - - 65...... 54 1 29 13 7 3 1 - 66...... 36 - 19 6 7 2 1 1 67...... 37 1 23 4 5 2 1 1 68...... 37 2 24 6 2 3 - - 69...... 39 - 22 8 5 2 2 - 70...... 33 - 24 6 2 - - 1 71...... 16 1 13 2 - - - - 72...... 30 1 19 4 4 2 - - 73...... 23 - 20 2 1 - - - 74...... 28 - 16 6 5 1 - - 75...... 27 - 17 7 2 - - 1 76...... 25 2 16 6 1 - - - 77...... 18 - 15 - 3 - - - 78...... 23 3 11 5 3 - - 1 79...... 19 - 12 5 2 - - - 80...... 8 2 5 1 - - - - 81...... 11 2 6 2 1 - - - 82...... 10 - 7 1 1 1 - - 83...... 11 2 4 3 1 1 - - 84...... 15 - 12 2 1 - - - 85...... 12 1 9 1 - 1 - - 86...... 5 - 3 1 1 - - - 87...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 88...... 6 - 5 - 1 - - - 89...... 6 2 3 1 - - - - 90...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 91...... 4 1 2 - 1 - - - 92...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 93...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 94...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 95...... 2 - - 2 - - - - 96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 1,778 30 714 437 339 157 66 35 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 48 2 6 10 14 10 6 - 26...... 54 - 6 12 14 11 8 3 27...... 51 1 9 6 21 9 - 5 28...... 70 - 9 18 26 11 5 1 29...... 54 - 11 13 14 13 2 1 30...... 55 - 10 12 19 10 3 1 31...... 45 - 4 10 16 12 1 2 32...... 47 - 9 12 13 9 4 - 33...... 36 1 9 9 7 5 5 - 34...... 43 1 16 4 9 7 4 2 35...... 46 1 16 11 12 3 3 - 36...... 36 1 4 16 6 5 1 3 37...... 39 - 7 19 7 2 1 3 38...... 39 - 11 16 9 1 2 - 39...... 42 - 11 14 11 2 2 2 40...... 39 - 14 12 8 3 1 1 41...... 36 - 10 10 10 4 - 2 42...... 36 - 13 13 3 6 1 - 43...... 35 - 14 12 4 2 2 1 44...... 36 1 8 9 12 3 - 3 45...... 33 1 17 6 6 - 2 1 46...... 38 1 17 13 4 3 - - 47...... 30 - 14 11 3 2 - - 48...... 55 3 29 19 4 - - - 49...... 24 - 11 6 4 2 1 - 50...... 35 - 14 12 7 2 - - 51...... 24 - 15 2 6 - 1 - 52...... 23 - 11 5 6 - 1 - 53...... 38 - 25 7 4 - 1 1 54...... 29 1 18 7 3 - - - 55...... 36 - 18 7 6 1 3 1 56...... 32 1 16 9 2 3 1 - 57...... 29 - 16 6 4 2 1 - 58...... 33 1 20 6 5 - 1 - 59...... 19 - 9 6 3 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 30 - 16 4 8 1 1 - 61...... 25 1 14 5 2 3 - - 62...... 20 1 12 4 2 1 - - 63...... 23 1 12 7 2 - 1 - 64...... 24 2 16 5 1 - - - 65...... 31 1 15 10 2 2 1 - 66...... 13 - 8 3 1 - - 1 67...... 19 - 12 3 2 2 - - 68...... 23 - 17 3 1 2 - - 69...... 20 - 13 4 2 1 - - 70...... 24 - 16 6 1 - - 1 71...... 8 1 7 - - - - - 72...... 17 - 11 2 3 1 - - 73...... 12 - 9 2 1 - - - 74...... 14 - 8 5 1 - - - 75...... 15 - 12 2 1 - - - 76...... 11 2 8 1 - - - - 77...... 9 - 9 - - - - - 78...... 11 2 5 1 3 - - - 79...... 6 - 4 2 - - - - 80...... 6 1 4 1 - - - - 81...... 3 1 2 - - - - - 82...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 83...... 5 - 3 1 1 - - - 84...... 10 - 8 2 - - - - 85...... 6 - 6 - - - - - 86...... 4 - 3 - 1 - - - 87...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 88...... 4 - 3 - 1 - - - 89...... 3 1 2 - - - - - 90...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 91...... 2 - 1 - 1 - - - 92...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 93...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 94...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 95...... 2 - - 2 - - - - 96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 1,682 26 575 400 344 189 81 67 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 55 - 9 14 15 14 2 1 26...... 52 - 7 8 14 11 6 6 27...... 62 - 8 14 15 16 7 2 28...... 63 1 12 15 15 11 7 2 29...... 51 - 9 12 8 10 4 8 30...... 57 - 10 10 16 13 4 4 31...... 52 1 7 18 13 9 2 2 32...... 42 - 9 9 12 7 4 1 33...... 32 1 9 6 5 8 2 1 34...... 30 - 4 6 5 10 3 2 35...... 45 - 11 14 7 7 6 - 36...... 41 - 11 12 11 3 1 3 37...... 38 - 10 10 8 5 3 2 38...... 40 - 11 10 11 4 1 3 39...... 38 - 6 15 9 4 1 3 40...... 47 - 11 15 9 5 2 5 41...... 29 - 12 6 4 5 - 2 42...... 27 - 7 5 7 3 3 2 43...... 34 - 10 6 9 7 2 - 44...... 29 - 7 8 9 2 - 3 45...... 31 - 9 11 7 1 2 1 46...... 30 - 17 6 5 1 - 1 47...... 17 - 8 3 3 2 1 - 48...... 29 - 10 11 6 1 1 - 49...... 18 - 7 5 6 - - - 50...... 35 - 14 5 8 4 1 3 51...... 41 - 15 14 10 - 2 - 52...... 27 1 11 3 8 1 2 1 53...... 22 1 9 - 7 1 4 - 54...... 25 2 11 6 4 2 - - 55...... 26 1 10 7 4 3 - 1 56...... 39 2 9 19 5 2 1 1 57...... 31 1 11 9 8 - 1 1 58...... 35 2 15 9 5 3 1 - 59...... 28 - 18 9 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 17 - 10 2 3 2 - - 61...... 29 - 11 13 3 1 - 1 62...... 26 1 16 2 4 1 1 1 63...... 26 - 14 5 6 - - 1 64...... 32 - 23 4 5 - - - 65...... 23 - 14 3 5 1 - - 66...... 23 - 11 3 6 2 1 - 67...... 18 1 11 1 3 - 1 1 68...... 14 2 7 3 1 1 - - 69...... 19 - 9 4 3 1 2 - 70...... 9 - 8 - 1 - - - 71...... 8 - 6 2 - - - - 72...... 13 1 8 2 1 1 - - 73...... 11 - 11 - - - - - 74...... 14 - 8 1 4 1 - - 75...... 12 - 5 5 1 - - 1 76...... 14 - 8 5 1 - - - 77...... 9 - 6 - 3 - - - 78...... 12 1 6 4 - - - 1 79...... 13 - 8 3 2 - - - 80...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 81...... 8 1 4 2 1 - - - 82...... 6 - 3 1 1 1 - - 83...... 6 2 1 2 - 1 - - 84...... 5 - 4 - 1 - - - 85...... 6 1 3 1 - 1 - - 86...... 1 - - 1 - - - - 87...... ------88...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 89...... 3 1 1 1 - - - - 90...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 91...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 92...... ------93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 Head...... 1,434 24 574 341 263 118 55 59 Spouse...... 915 12 354 254 163 77 38 17 Son ...... 214 1 51 59 48 35 14 6 Daughter...... 254 3 66 52 69 43 12 9 Brother ...... 50 - 20 11 11 7 1 - Sister...... 48 1 29 6 7 1 3 1 Child of spouse ...... 122 2 21 32 31 21 10 5 Grandchild...... 24 - 5 7 7 3 2 - Father...... 19 3 12 3 - 1 - - Mother...... 58 2 40 9 5 2 - - Parent of spouse...... 31 2 25 2 2 - - - Other relatives ...... 130 2 44 30 30 16 4 4 No relation ...... 203 5 52 33 48 27 14 24 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 Tongan...... 3,447 56 1,286 834 680 346 146 99 Part-Tongan ...... 13 - 3 3 3 - 1 3 European...... 24 - - - 1 3 4 16 Fijian...... 8 - 3 1 - - 1 3 Samoan...... 2 1 - 1 - - - - Indian...... ------Chinese ...... 1 - - - - - 1 - Japanese...... ------Other Pacific Islands . . . 2 ------2 Other Asian ...... 4 - 1 - - 1 - 2 Not elsewhere specified . . 1 - - - - 1 - - Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 FWC ...... 1,418 19 449 349 301 163 81 56 Catholic...... 270 - 79 51 58 44 21 17 LDS ...... 361 5 117 97 61 53 14 14 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 308 4 124 75 67 21 7 10 Church of Tonga ...... 884 26 437 198 152 43 17 11 Tokaikolo ...... 52 - 27 5 14 4 2 - Anglican...... 19 - 3 3 4 3 - 6 SDA ...... 68 2 25 17 16 4 3 1 AOG ...... 34 - 4 16 4 6 3 1 Tonga Konisituto...... 56 1 24 21 5 4 - 1 Gospel Church ...... ------Bahai Faith ...... 14 - 3 3 1 4 3 - Moslem...... ------Hindu ...... ------Buddhist...... ------Others...... 6 - - 2 - - - 4 Refuse to answer...... 2 - - - - - 1 1 None...... 10 - 1 2 1 2 1 3 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 1,682 26 575 400 344 189 81 67 Never married ...... 255 4 77 49 62 35 18 10 Married ...... 1,329 15 438 336 276 148 61 55 Widowed ...... 74 6 46 12 4 3 2 1 Divorced or separated . . . 24 1 14 3 2 3 - 1 Not stated...... ------

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 1,778 30 714 437 339 157 66 35 Never married ...... 246 6 72 55 54 39 10 10 Married ...... 1,289 16 481 340 261 115 53 23 Widowed ...... 216 7 147 38 21 2 - 1 Divorced or separated . . . 27 1 14 4 3 1 3 1 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Haapai ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 Tonga ...... 3,468 57 1,292 838 684 347 146 104 Tongatapu ...... 342 3 76 74 71 46 36 36 Vava'u...... 192 3 55 50 46 23 10 5 Ha'apai ...... 2,861 50 1,133 698 552 272 97 59 Eua ...... 36 - 11 7 11 3 1 3 Niuas ...... 37 1 17 9 4 3 2 1 Elsewhere ...... 34 - 1 1 - 4 7 21

Males ...... 1,710 27 578 401 344 192 85 83 Tonga ...... 1,689 27 578 401 344 190 80 69 Tongatapu ...... 172 1 39 22 30 33 20 27 Vava'u...... 72 1 15 16 18 11 7 4 Ha'apai ...... 1,411 25 513 357 290 141 51 34 Eua ...... 18 - 5 3 4 2 1 3 Niuas ...... 16 - 6 3 2 3 1 1 Elsewhere ...... 21 - - - - 2 5 14

Females ...... 1,792 30 715 438 340 159 68 42 Tonga ...... 1,779 30 714 437 340 157 66 35 Tongatapu ...... 170 2 37 52 41 13 16 9 Vava'u...... 120 2 40 34 28 12 3 1 Ha'apai ...... 1,450 25 620 341 262 131 46 25 Eua ...... 18 - 6 4 7 1 - - Niuas ...... 21 1 11 6 2 - 1 - Elsewhere ...... 13 - 1 1 - 2 2 7

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 3,502 57 1,293 839 684 351 153 125 Tonga ...... 3,473 57 1,293 838 682 348 147 108 Tongatapu ...... 161 1 22 24 38 32 19 25 Vava'u...... 37 - 12 5 10 6 4 - Ha'apai ...... 3,258 55 1,253 805 632 307 123 83 Eua ...... 10 - 1 4 2 2 1 - Niuas ...... 7 1 5 - - 1 - - Elsewhere ...... 29 - - 1 2 3 6 17

Males ...... 1,710 27 578 401 344 192 85 83 Tonga ...... 1,692 27 578 400 344 191 81 71 Tongatapu ...... 92 1 12 9 19 24 11 16 Vava'u...... 17 - 2 3 6 3 3 - Ha'apai ...... 1,573 26 562 385 318 161 66 55 Eua ...... 7 - - 3 1 2 1 - Niuas ...... 3 - 2 - - 1 - - Elsewhere ...... 18 - - 1 - 1 4 12

Females ...... 1,792 30 715 438 340 159 68 42 Tonga ...... 1,781 30 715 438 338 157 66 37 Tongatapu ...... 69 - 10 15 19 8 8 9 Vava'u...... 20 - 10 2 4 3 1 - Ha'apai ...... 1,685 29 691 420 314 146 57 28 Eua ...... 3 - 1 1 1 - - - Niuas ...... 4 1 3 - - - - - Elsewhere ...... 11 - - - 2 2 2 5 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Haapai ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 3,460 56 1,289 837 683 346 147 102 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 1,345 56 1,289 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 837 - - 837 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 1,029 - - - 683 346 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 147 - - - - - 147 - Tertiary...... 102 ------102 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 36.9 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 2,289 29 728 578 478 264 119 93 No qualification...... 331 27 294 5 1 1 2 1 Primary school...... 1,405 2 434 573 368 27 1 - Lower leavers ...... 45 - - - 32 10 3 - Tonga high learn...... 184 - - - 76 90 17 1 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 206 - - - - 135 71 - University entr/PSSC...... 18 - - - - 1 17 - Form 7 Certificate...... 2 - - - - - 2 - Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 12 ------12 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 59 - - - 1 - 5 53 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 23 ------23 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... 1 ------1 Post graduate PhD ...... 3 - - - - - 1 2 Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 3,460 56 1,289 837 683 346 147 102 Literate in English and Tongan. . 1,609 3 110 389 551 316 140 100 Literate in English only. . . . . 2 - 1 - - - - 1 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 1,790 50 1,150 435 124 25 5 1 Illiterate...... 59 3 28 13 8 5 2 - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Haapai ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 1,778 30 714 437 339 157 66 35 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 744 30 714 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 437 - - 437 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 496 - - - 339 157 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 66 - - - - - 66 - Tertiary...... 35 ------35 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 33.6 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 951 11 316 254 192 103 43 32 No qualification...... 134 9 119 3 - 1 1 1 Primary school...... 602 2 197 251 143 8 1 - Lower leavers ...... 14 - - - 9 4 1 - Tonga high learn...... 82 - - - 39 36 6 1 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 81 - - - - 54 27 - University entr/PSSC...... 7 - - - - - 7 - Form 7 Certificate...... ------Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 7 ------7 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 16 - - - 1 - - 15 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 8 ------8 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... ------Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 1,778 30 714 437 339 157 66 35 Literate in English and Tongan. . 773 3 62 201 272 139 62 34 Literate in English only. . . . . ------Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 972 26 634 230 63 14 4 1 Illiterate...... 33 1 18 6 4 4 - - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Haapai ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 3,460 56 1,289 837 683 346 147 102 Economically active . . . . 2,397 31 761 599 504 285 122 95 Employed full/part time . 616 3 67 77 151 147 85 86 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 863 14 336 252 176 62 20 3 Mainly housework. . . . . 802 12 325 249 151 49 13 3 Temporarily absent. . . . 8 - - - - 6 1 1 Unemployed...... 108 2 33 21 26 21 3 2 Economically inactive . . . 1,063 25 528 238 179 61 25 7 Housework only...... 747 10 342 178 144 48 21 4 Student only...... 4 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 Retired ...... 241 11 149 45 27 8 - 1 Disabled/handicapped. . . 63 4 32 13 6 5 3 - Other and not stated. . . 8 - 4 2 1 - - 1

Females 15+ years. . . 1,778 30 714 437 339 157 66 35 Economically active . . . . 969 11 317 259 197 108 45 32 Employed full/part time . 152 - 3 3 35 52 29 30 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 100 - 44 28 21 6 1 - Mainly housework. . . . . 696 11 269 223 136 43 12 2 Temporarily absent. . . . 3 - - - - 2 1 - Unemployed...... 18 - 1 5 5 5 2 - Economically inactive . . . 809 19 397 178 142 49 21 3 Housework only...... 647 10 295 151 128 41 20 2 Student only...... 2 - 1 - - - - 1 Retired ...... 131 6 86 23 12 4 - - Disabled/handicapped. . . 29 3 15 4 2 4 1 - Other and not stated. . . ------

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 1,665 26 661 501 327 111 33 6 Own/family use/Never sell 734 12 304 212 138 47 16 5 Occasionally sell . . . . 735 11 273 240 145 52 13 1 Regularly sell...... 196 3 84 49 44 12 4 - Farming and gardening . . . 630 13 238 190 127 42 16 4 Own/family use/Never sell 384 9 155 108 76 24 9 3 Occasionally sell . . . . 199 3 65 75 34 16 5 1 Regularly sell...... 47 1 18 7 17 2 2 - Fishing ...... 244 3 112 61 44 20 4 - Own/family use/Never sell 70 1 41 13 9 5 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 118 1 43 39 21 11 3 - Regularly sell...... 56 1 28 9 14 4 - - Weaving ...... 791 10 311 250 156 49 13 2 Own/family use/Never sell 280 2 108 91 53 18 6 2 Occasionally sell . . . . 418 7 165 126 90 25 5 - Regularly sell...... 93 1 38 33 13 6 2 -

Females 15 years and over 796 11 313 251 157 49 13 2 Own/family use/Never sell 285 3 110 93 53 18 6 2 Occasionally sell . . . . 418 7 165 125 91 25 5 - Regularly sell...... 93 1 38 33 13 6 2 - Farming and gardening . . . 6 1 2 2 1 - - - Own/family use/Never sell 3 1 1 1 - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 3 - 1 1 1 - - - Regularly sell...... ------Fishing ...... 4 - 3 1 - - - - Own/family use/Never sell 2 - 1 1 - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 1 - 1 - - - - - Regularly sell...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Weaving ...... 786 10 308 248 156 49 13 2 Own/family use/Never sell 280 2 108 91 53 18 6 2 Occasionally sell . . . . 414 7 163 124 90 25 5 - Regularly sell...... 92 1 37 33 13 6 2 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Haapai ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 2,289 29 728 578 478 264 119 93 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 39 - 5 4 7 9 7 7 Professionals ...... 145 - 13 8 23 24 15 62 Techn. & associated techs . 109 - 3 6 24 40 22 14 Clerks...... 65 - - 1 12 24 27 1 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 57 - 3 9 20 18 6 1 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 918 17 368 262 180 67 21 3 Craft & related trades workers 842 11 316 259 175 63 15 3 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 33 - 6 8 12 7 - - Elementary occupations. . . 56 1 13 21 18 3 - - Armed forces...... 25 - 1 - 7 9 6 2

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 2,289 29 728 578 478 264 119 93 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 624 11 237 188 127 43 15 3 Fishing ...... 288 6 128 74 50 24 6 - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 798 11 311 252 159 50 13 2 Utilities ...... 26 - - 4 9 8 3 2 Construction...... 3 - 1 - 2 - - - Wholesale and retail trade. 37 - 3 8 11 9 5 1 Hotels and restaurants. . . 11 - 2 - 4 2 2 1 Transport, storage and comm. 36 - 2 6 9 12 7 - Financial intemediation . . 12 - 1 - 3 2 6 - Real estate, renting, business 3 - - - - 1 2 - Public admin. and defense . 214 1 22 32 65 56 25 13 Education ...... 133 - 1 - 8 36 23 65 Health and social work. . . 29 - 1 1 11 8 4 4 Other community social. . . 70 - 16 12 20 12 8 2 Private households with employ 4 - 2 1 - 1 - - Extra-territorial organization 1 - 1 - - - - -

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 2,289 29 728 578 478 264 119 93 Own account worker. . . . . 955 14 359 295 201 67 18 1 Employer...... 5 - - 2 1 1 1 - Employee -- government. . . 321 1 25 35 79 84 47 50 Employee -- quasi-government 72 - 1 10 20 23 16 2 Employee -- private . . . . 203 2 39 25 38 42 21 36 Unpaid family worker. . . . 732 12 303 211 139 47 16 4 Others...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Haapai ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 951 11 316 254 192 103 43 32 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 6 - - - 1 2 3 - Professionals ...... 48 - - - 7 13 4 24 Techn. & associated techs . 48 - 1 - 9 22 11 5 Clerks...... 28 - - - 4 12 11 1 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 16 - - 1 9 5 1 - Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 9 - 7 1 1 - - - Craft & related trades workers 790 11 306 251 158 49 13 2 Plan & machine oper. & assembl ------Elementary occupations. . . 6 - 2 1 3 - - - Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 951 11 316 254 192 103 43 32 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 5 - 3 2 - - - - Fishing ...... 4 - 4 - - - - - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 787 11 305 250 157 49 13 2 Utilities ...... ------Construction...... ------Wholesale and retail trade. 13 - - 1 5 4 3 - Hotels and restaurants. . . 8 - 1 - 3 1 2 1 Transport, storage and comm. 7 - - - 1 3 3 - Financial intemediation . . 3 - - - - 1 2 - Real estate, renting, business 1 - - - - 1 - - Public admin. and defense . 26 - - 1 9 9 6 1 Education ...... 73 - 1 - 7 27 11 27 Health and social work. . . 20 - 1 - 10 6 2 1 Other community social. . . 3 - - - - 2 1 - Private households with employ ------Extra-territorial organization 1 - 1 - - - - -

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 951 11 316 254 192 103 43 32 Own account worker. . . . . 515 8 203 158 108 31 7 - Employer...... 4 - - 2 1 - 1 - Employee -- government. . . 89 - 1 1 22 30 18 17 Employee -- quasi-government 10 - - - 1 5 4 - Employee -- private . . . . 47 - 1 1 6 19 7 13 Unpaid family worker. . . . 285 3 110 92 54 18 6 2 Others...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 280 3 41 59 89 54 21 13 Children ever born ...... 447 2 90 103 158 68 15 11 per 1000 females. . . 1,596 667 2,195 1,746 1,775 1,259 714 846 Children surviving ...... 455 2 89 103 158 77 15 11 Percent surviving . . . . . 101.8 100.0 98.9 100.0 100.0 113.2 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 64 - 10 14 20 14 4 2 per 1000 females. . . 229 - 244 237 225 259 190 154

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 227 2 48 47 64 43 17 6 Children ever born ...... 615 5 97 149 161 131 59 13 per 1000 females. . . 2,709 2,500 2,021 3,170 2,516 3,047 3,471 2,167 Children surviving ...... 611 5 94 148 161 131 59 13 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.3 100.0 96.9 99.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 37 - 7 6 13 7 4 - per 1000 females. . . 163 - 146 128 203 163 235 -

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 205 2 49 76 45 14 9 10 Children ever born ...... 823 9 226 308 172 50 34 24 per 1000 females. . . 4,015 4,500 4,612 4,053 3,822 3,571 3,778 2,400 Children surviving ...... 828 9 231 308 172 50 34 24 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.6 100.0 102.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 25 - 3 12 5 2 2 1 per 1000 females. . . 122 - 61 158 111 143 222 100

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 183 1 59 56 38 18 4 7 Children ever born ...... 868 7 279 292 180 89 16 5 per 1000 females. . . 4,743 7,000 4,729 5,214 4,737 4,944 4,000 714 Children surviving ...... 859 7 275 291 177 88 16 5 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.0 100.0 98.6 99.7 98.3 98.9 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 10 - 5 2 1 1 - 1 per 1000 females. . . 55 - 85 36 26 56 - 143

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 181 5 88 55 21 8 3 1 Children ever born ...... 809 14 397 244 100 29 19 6 per 1000 females. . . 4,470 2,800 4,511 4,436 4,762 3,625 6,333 6,000 Children surviving ...... 804 14 391 245 100 29 19 6 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.4 100.0 98.5 100.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 3 - 2 1 - - - - per 1000 females. . . 17 - 23 18 - - - -

Total Fertility Rate. . . 2,930 - 2,795 2,885 2,825 3,105 3,235 1,985

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Haapai ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 1,076 13 285 293 257 137 54 37 Birth in last year ...... 138 - 26 35 39 24 10 4 Female ...... 73 - 12 22 23 9 4 3 Still alive...... 73 - 12 22 23 9 4 3 Male ...... 65 - 14 13 16 15 6 1 Still alive...... 65 - 14 13 16 15 6 1

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 841 8 234 243 199 97 39 21 Less than 18 ...... 14 - 5 4 3 - - 2 18 or 19 ...... 67 - 18 25 15 6 2 1 20 ...... 84 - 25 26 21 9 2 1 21 ...... 89 - 23 27 24 14 1 - 22 ...... 86 2 22 28 20 5 8 1 23 ...... 85 - 21 17 25 14 6 2 24 ...... 72 1 21 21 15 9 4 1 25 or 26 ...... 119 1 30 27 33 14 9 5 27 to 29 ...... 109 4 30 30 24 14 4 3 30 to 34 ...... 76 - 25 28 12 8 1 2 35 or more ...... 40 - 14 10 7 4 2 3

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 1,484 16 385 367 351 213 81 71 Father died...... 2,018 41 908 472 333 138 72 54

Mother alive ...... 1,846 16 481 444 432 268 115 90 Mother died...... 1,656 41 812 395 252 83 38 35 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Haapai ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 1,418 - 596 338 373 54 57 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 34 - 21 8 5 - - - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 37 - 19 6 8 2 2 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 150 - 63 49 30 5 3 - European style, brick/cement 128 - 45 25 39 7 12 - European style, wooden. . . 1,040 - 432 246 284 39 39 - Other ...... 29 - 16 4 7 1 1 -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 643 - 204 152 208 37 42 - Tank water...... 1,309 - 552 317 335 50 55 - Well water...... 142 - 62 31 43 3 3 - Other water ...... 5 - 1 2 1 1 - -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 347 - 73 69 137 31 37 - Manual toilet ...... 139 - 38 48 43 5 5 - Pit toilet...... 1,057 - 515 254 244 24 20 - No toilet ...... 5 - - 2 3 - - - Other type of toilet. . . . 3 - 2 - 1 - - -

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 629 - 194 147 213 37 38 - Generator ...... 99 - 42 23 26 5 3 - Kerosene...... 945 - 449 238 213 22 23 - Benzine ...... 152 - 76 31 37 6 2 - Solar ...... 45 - 19 11 15 - - - Other lighting...... 1 - - - 1 - - -

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 65 - 18 13 21 6 7 - Gas cooking ...... 501 - 131 111 182 36 41 - Firewood cooking...... 1,197 - 536 303 303 31 24 - Kerosene cooking...... 363 - 180 73 86 15 9 - Other cooking ...... 3 - 1 2 - - - -

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 1,190 - 482 278 330 49 51 - Bicycle ...... 535 - 182 128 168 29 28 - Boat...... 202 - 106 41 45 5 5 - Hot and cold water. . . . . 10 - - - 4 3 3 - Shower...... 1,077 - 442 244 299 46 46 - Vehicle ...... 175 - 36 33 73 15 18 - Refrigerator...... 351 - 90 75 135 23 28 - Television...... 47 - 10 12 16 7 2 - Video ...... 298 - 86 61 108 22 21 - Computer...... 2 - - - - 1 1 -

Cattle...... 138 - 33 42 59 3 1 - Horses...... 480 - 185 128 149 13 5 - Pigs...... 1,273 - 551 307 336 40 39 - Chickens...... 1,080 - 461 266 290 33 30 - Goats ...... 380 - 158 95 113 7 7 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 1,258 - 547 309 325 41 36 - Squash only ...... 1 - - - 1 - - - Squash and crops...... 1 - - - 1 - - - No crops grown...... 158 - 49 29 46 13 21 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 1,189 - 546 302 295 32 14 - Rented...... 28 - 3 1 11 7 6 - Rent free ...... 180 - 45 31 55 12 37 - Other ...... 17 - 1 4 11 1 - - Institution ...... 4 - 1 - 1 2 - - Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 1,307 - 558 317 338 45 49 - Bury...... 103 - 38 19 32 7 7 - Lagoon/Ocean...... ------Others...... 8 - - 2 3 2 1 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 427 4 44 119 95 108 28 29 30 to 34 years...... 298 3 47 79 81 51 16 21 35 to 39 years...... 253 2 52 95 51 33 6 14 40 to 44 years...... 200 2 49 81 37 19 2 10 45 to 49 years...... 175 4 71 45 31 12 3 9 50 to 54 years...... 183 5 85 49 30 7 2 5 55 to 59 years...... 148 3 69 33 26 11 2 4 60 to 64 years...... 113 3 78 16 10 4 1 1 65 to 69 years...... 100 5 63 10 15 4 1 2 70 to 74 years...... 75 2 56 10 6 1 - - 75 to 79 years...... 41 2 32 4 3 - - - 80 to 84 years...... 14 - 9 1 3 1 - - 85 years and over . . . . . 11 - 10 - 1 - - - Median...... 41.0 52.5 54.1 38.8 36.8 31.7 30.8 34.4 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 20.4 50.0 54.3 8.1 10.7 4.1 3.4 3.3 Total dependency...... 20.4 50.0 54.3 8.1 10.7 4.1 3.4 3.3

Males...... 1,063 17 333 279 210 138 34 52 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 224 3 26 58 56 50 16 15 30 to 34 years...... 156 1 22 45 40 31 10 7 35 to 39 years...... 124 1 27 44 24 19 3 6 40 to 44 years...... 102 1 27 37 18 13 - 6 45 to 49 years...... 83 1 26 25 15 7 1 8 50 to 54 years...... 94 2 42 23 17 5 1 4 55 to 59 years...... 81 1 36 18 16 6 1 3 60 to 64 years...... 65 2 38 13 7 3 1 1 65 to 69 years...... 59 3 34 6 10 3 1 2 70 to 74 years...... 38 - 28 7 2 1 - - 75 to 79 years...... 25 2 18 2 3 - - - 80 to 84 years...... 7 - 5 1 1 - - - 85 years and over . . . . . 5 - 4 - 1 - - - Median...... 41.3 53.8 54.6 39.1 36.9 33.1 30.5 38.3 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 23.0 70.0 61.7 11.6 12.9 5.3 6.3 6.1 Total dependency...... 23.0 70.0 61.7 11.6 12.9 5.3 6.3 6.1

Females...... 975 18 332 263 179 113 27 43 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 203 1 18 61 39 58 12 14 30 to 34 years...... 142 2 25 34 41 20 6 14 35 to 39 years...... 129 1 25 51 27 14 3 8 40 to 44 years...... 98 1 22 44 19 6 2 4 45 to 49 years...... 92 3 45 20 16 5 2 1 50 to 54 years...... 89 3 43 26 13 2 1 1 55 to 59 years...... 67 2 33 15 10 5 1 1 60 to 64 years...... 48 1 40 3 3 1 - - 65 to 69 years...... 41 2 29 4 5 1 - - 70 to 74 years...... 37 2 28 3 4 - - - 75 to 79 years...... 16 - 14 2 - - - - 80 to 84 years...... 7 - 4 - 2 1 - - 85 years and over . . . . . 6 - 6 - - - - - Median...... 40.7 51.7 53.6 38.6 36.8 29.9 31.3 32.7 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 17.9 35.7 48.2 4.7 8.3 2.7 - - Total dependency...... 17.9 35.7 48.2 4.7 8.3 2.7 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 2,006 34 657 536 385 247 60 87 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 83 3 8 23 15 20 9 5 26...... 96 - 10 29 20 30 3 4 27...... 99 - 9 26 23 25 9 7 28...... 80 - 11 24 21 17 2 5 29...... 62 - 5 16 16 14 5 6 30...... 72 - 11 16 21 13 6 5 31...... 59 1 8 14 16 11 4 5 32...... 54 1 7 17 14 9 - 6 33...... 39 - 7 13 11 3 2 3 34...... 67 1 13 17 18 15 3 - 35...... 54 1 8 18 10 9 2 6 36...... 68 - 15 30 12 6 3 2 37...... 47 1 12 16 6 7 1 4 38...... 43 - 10 19 10 3 - 1 39...... 36 - 7 11 11 6 - 1 40...... 35 1 9 10 8 6 - 1 41...... 51 1 13 22 8 2 1 4 42...... 36 - 8 14 9 4 - 1 43...... 38 - 10 17 5 4 1 1 44...... 36 - 9 16 6 3 - 2 45...... 33 - 10 10 8 1 2 2 46...... 39 1 14 14 4 5 1 - 47...... 31 - 14 5 7 4 - 1 48...... 38 2 18 7 5 2 - 4 49...... 33 1 15 9 7 - - 1 50...... 35 1 17 11 3 3 - - 51...... 44 2 17 10 11 1 2 1 52...... 34 1 15 13 5 - - - 53...... 41 1 22 7 7 2 - 2 54...... 26 - 12 8 4 1 - 1 55...... 29 - 13 8 5 2 1 - 56...... 32 2 13 5 5 6 - 1 57...... 24 - 11 6 4 2 - 1 58...... 25 1 11 5 6 - 1 1 59...... 36 - 20 9 6 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 27 - 19 3 4 1 - - 61...... 20 3 13 3 1 - - - 62...... 18 - 12 3 1 2 - - 63...... 24 - 18 3 2 - - 1 64...... 23 - 15 4 2 1 1 - 65...... 19 2 11 4 2 - - - 66...... 27 1 17 3 5 1 - - 67...... 23 1 15 1 5 1 - - 68...... 9 1 5 1 - 1 - 1 69...... 20 - 13 1 3 1 1 1 70...... 22 1 13 4 3 1 - - 71...... 11 1 4 5 1 - - - 72...... 21 - 19 1 1 - - - 73...... 14 - 13 - 1 - - - 74...... 7 - 7 - - - - - 75...... 7 1 5 - 1 - - - 76...... 15 1 12 2 - - - - 77...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 78...... 11 - 9 1 1 - - - 79...... 5 - 4 1 - - - - 80...... 3 - 2 - - 1 - - 81...... 5 - 5 - - - - - 82...... 2 - 1 - 1 - - - 83...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 84...... 3 - 1 1 1 - - - 85...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 86...... ------87...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 88...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 89...... ------90...... ------91...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 92...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 956 18 327 260 176 109 26 40 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 31 1 2 10 5 8 3 2 26...... 48 - 6 16 8 17 1 - 27...... 45 - 5 9 12 13 3 3 28...... 42 - 3 15 9 10 2 3 29...... 32 - 2 10 5 8 3 4 30...... 39 - 5 10 12 5 2 5 31...... 28 1 2 8 9 4 2 2 32...... 24 1 4 3 9 2 - 5 33...... 22 - 4 7 6 3 - 2 34...... 26 - 9 6 4 6 1 - 35...... 27 1 5 10 5 3 - 3 36...... 37 - 6 17 7 4 2 1 37...... 19 - 3 8 4 1 1 2 38...... 24 - 7 10 5 1 - 1 39...... 18 - 4 5 5 3 - 1 40...... 16 1 4 4 2 4 - 1 41...... 22 - 5 7 7 - 1 2 42...... 15 - 3 9 3 - - - 43...... 20 - 5 10 2 2 1 - 44...... 23 - 5 13 4 - - 1 45...... 17 - 7 5 3 1 1 - 46...... 20 1 7 6 2 3 1 - 47...... 17 - 9 2 5 1 - - 48...... 18 2 9 4 2 - - 1 49...... 20 - 13 3 4 - - - 50...... 20 1 11 6 1 1 - - 51...... 20 1 7 5 6 - 1 - 52...... 18 1 10 7 - - - - 53...... 22 - 12 3 6 1 - - 54...... 7 - 2 5 - - - - 55...... 17 - 8 5 3 1 - - 56...... 12 1 4 4 1 2 - - 57...... 10 - 5 - 2 2 - 1 58...... 11 1 7 1 1 - 1 - 59...... 17 - 9 5 3 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 7 - 6 1 - - - - 61...... 11 1 8 1 1 - - - 62...... 9 - 7 1 - 1 - - 63...... 9 - 8 - 1 - - - 64...... 11 - 10 - 1 - - - 65...... 10 1 6 2 1 - - - 66...... 12 1 8 1 2 - - - 67...... 9 - 6 1 1 1 - - 68...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 69...... 7 - 6 - 1 - - - 70...... 10 1 6 1 2 - - - 71...... 4 1 1 2 - - - - 72...... 12 - 11 - 1 - - - 73...... 8 - 7 - 1 - - - 74...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 75...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 76...... 6 - 5 1 - - - - 77...... ------78...... 6 - 5 1 - - - - 79...... ------80...... 2 - 1 - - 1 - - 81...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 82...... 2 - 1 - 1 - - - 83...... ------84...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 85...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 86...... ------87...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 88...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 89...... ------90...... ------91...... ------92...... ------93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 1,050 16 330 276 209 138 34 47 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 52 2 6 13 10 12 6 3 26...... 48 - 4 13 12 13 2 4 27...... 54 - 4 17 11 12 6 4 28...... 38 - 8 9 12 7 - 2 29...... 30 - 3 6 11 6 2 2 30...... 33 - 6 6 9 8 4 - 31...... 31 - 6 6 7 7 2 3 32...... 30 - 3 14 5 7 - 1 33...... 17 - 3 6 5 - 2 1 34...... 41 1 4 11 14 9 2 - 35...... 27 - 3 8 5 6 2 3 36...... 31 - 9 13 5 2 1 1 37...... 28 1 9 8 2 6 - 2 38...... 19 - 3 9 5 2 - - 39...... 18 - 3 6 6 3 - - 40...... 19 - 5 6 6 2 - - 41...... 29 1 8 15 1 2 - 2 42...... 21 - 5 5 6 4 - 1 43...... 18 - 5 7 3 2 - 1 44...... 13 - 4 3 2 3 - 1 45...... 16 - 3 5 5 - 1 2 46...... 19 - 7 8 2 2 - - 47...... 14 - 5 3 2 3 - 1 48...... 20 - 9 3 3 2 - 3 49...... 13 1 2 6 3 - - 1 50...... 15 - 6 5 2 2 - - 51...... 24 1 10 5 5 1 1 1 52...... 16 - 5 6 5 - - - 53...... 19 1 10 4 1 1 - 2 54...... 19 - 10 3 4 1 - 1 55...... 12 - 5 3 2 1 1 - 56...... 20 1 9 1 4 4 - 1 57...... 14 - 6 6 2 - - - 58...... 14 - 4 4 5 - - 1 59...... 19 - 11 4 3 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 20 - 13 2 4 1 - - 61...... 9 2 5 2 - - - - 62...... 9 - 5 2 1 1 - - 63...... 15 - 10 3 1 - - 1 64...... 12 - 5 4 1 1 1 - 65...... 9 1 5 2 1 - - - 66...... 15 - 9 2 3 1 - - 67...... 14 1 9 - 4 - - - 68...... 8 1 4 1 - 1 - 1 69...... 13 - 7 1 2 1 1 1 70...... 12 - 7 3 1 1 - - 71...... 7 - 3 3 1 - - - 72...... 9 - 8 1 - - - - 73...... 6 - 6 - - - - - 74...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 75...... 3 1 1 - 1 - - - 76...... 9 1 7 1 - - - - 77...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 78...... 5 - 4 - 1 - - - 79...... 5 - 4 1 - - - - 80...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 81...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 82...... ------83...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 84...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 85...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 86...... ------87...... ------88...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 89...... ------90...... ------91...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 92...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 Head...... 797 14 299 198 147 78 15 46 Spouse...... 558 15 204 164 94 49 10 22 Son ...... 182 1 35 55 38 36 11 6 Daughter...... 149 - 27 40 38 31 4 9 Brother ...... 23 1 10 5 3 3 1 - Sister...... 18 1 2 7 4 2 1 1 Child of spouse ...... 63 - 11 22 13 14 2 1 Grandchild...... 14 - 1 2 4 4 2 1 Father...... 6 - 5 1 - - - - Mother...... 21 - 18 1 1 - 1 - Parent of spouse...... 11 - 11 - - - - - Other relatives ...... 77 2 17 20 19 12 5 2 No relation ...... 119 1 25 27 28 22 9 7 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 Tongan...... 1,996 33 656 533 382 247 59 86 Part-Tongan ...... 10 1 1 3 3 - 1 1 European...... 6 - 1 1 1 - - 3 Fijian...... 4 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 Samoan...... 3 - - - - 1 1 1 Indian...... ------Chinese ...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Japanese...... 2 ------2 Other Pacific Islands . . . 15 1 5 4 3 1 - 1 Other Asian ...... 1 - - - - 1 - - Not elsewhere specified . . ------Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 FWC ...... 963 10 297 267 181 119 31 58 Catholic...... 316 6 118 71 67 36 7 11 LDS ...... 171 4 40 43 36 30 11 7 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 325 9 124 90 53 36 6 7 Church of Tonga ...... 118 3 47 30 21 13 3 1 Tokaikolo ...... 33 1 8 11 4 6 - 3 Anglican...... ------SDA ...... 56 1 21 18 11 2 - 3 AOG ...... 22 - 2 7 6 4 2 1 Tonga Konisituto...... 4 1 2 - 1 - - - Gospel Church ...... 2 - 1 - 1 - - - Bahai Faith ...... 17 - 3 3 7 4 - - Moslem...... ------Hindu ...... ------Buddhist...... ------Others...... 8 - 2 2 - 1 1 2 Refuse to answer...... ------None...... 3 - - - 1 - - 2 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 1,050 16 330 276 209 138 34 47 Never married ...... 227 4 47 60 49 38 18 11 Married ...... 760 11 248 208 147 95 15 36 Widowed ...... 47 1 31 4 10 1 - - Divorced or separated . . . 16 - 4 4 3 4 1 - Not stated...... ------

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 956 18 327 260 176 109 26 40 Never married ...... 118 - 27 27 26 24 5 9 Married ...... 742 16 246 211 138 82 20 29 Widowed ...... 74 1 45 17 9 1 1 - Divorced or separated . . . 22 1 9 5 3 2 - 2 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Eua ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 Tonga ...... 2,019 35 664 539 388 246 60 87 Tongatapu ...... 486 11 140 141 93 57 16 28 Vava'u...... 138 1 32 39 28 24 9 5 Ha'apai ...... 219 4 78 49 54 20 5 9 Eua ...... 977 16 286 278 186 138 29 44 Niuas ...... 199 3 128 32 27 7 1 1 Elsewhere ...... 19 - 1 3 1 5 1 8

Males ...... 1,063 17 333 279 210 138 34 52 Tonga ...... 1,055 17 332 277 210 138 34 47 Tongatapu ...... 239 5 58 62 52 33 12 17 Vava'u...... 82 - 21 18 17 16 7 3 Ha'apai ...... 121 3 38 25 36 11 2 6 Eua ...... 513 8 155 153 92 72 13 20 Niuas ...... 100 1 60 19 13 6 - 1 Elsewhere ...... 8 - 1 2 - - - 5

Females ...... 975 18 332 263 179 113 27 43 Tonga ...... 964 18 332 262 178 108 26 40 Tongatapu ...... 247 6 82 79 41 24 4 11 Vava'u...... 56 1 11 21 11 8 2 2 Ha'apai ...... 98 1 40 24 18 9 3 3 Eua ...... 464 8 131 125 94 66 16 24 Niuas ...... 99 2 68 13 14 1 1 - Elsewhere ...... 11 - - 1 1 5 1 3

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 2,038 35 665 542 389 251 61 95 Tonga ...... 2,027 35 661 541 388 249 60 93 Tongatapu ...... 92 - 24 25 19 16 8 - Vava'u...... 14 - 2 3 5 1 2 1 Ha'apai ...... 12 - 2 3 4 1 1 1 Eua ...... 1,902 35 627 509 360 231 49 91 Niuas ...... 7 - 6 1 - - - - Elsewhere ...... 11 - 4 1 1 2 1 2

Males ...... 1,063 17 333 279 210 138 34 52 Tonga ...... 1,057 17 331 278 210 138 33 50 Tongatapu ...... 49 - 12 12 11 8 6 - Vava'u...... 6 - 2 1 2 - 1 - Ha'apai ...... 7 - 1 2 4 - - - Eua ...... 991 17 313 262 193 130 26 50 Niuas ...... 4 - 3 1 - - - - Elsewhere ...... 6 - 2 1 - - 1 2

Females ...... 975 18 332 263 179 113 27 43 Tonga ...... 970 18 330 263 178 111 27 43 Tongatapu ...... 43 - 12 13 8 8 2 - Vava'u...... 8 - - 2 3 1 1 1 Ha'apai ...... 5 - 1 1 - 1 1 1 Eua ...... 911 18 314 247 167 101 23 41 Niuas ...... 3 - 3 - - - - - Elsewhere ...... 5 - 2 - 1 2 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Eua ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 2,006 34 657 536 385 247 60 87 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 691 34 657 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 536 - - 536 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 632 - - - 385 247 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 60 - - - - - 60 - Tertiary...... 87 ------87 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 38.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 1,697 30 548 452 324 210 46 87 No qualification...... 297 28 263 4 1 1 - - Primary school...... 1,053 2 285 448 263 54 - 1 Lower leavers ...... 32 - - - 22 9 1 - Tonga high learn...... 97 - - - 36 56 5 - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 113 - - - 2 90 21 - University entr/PSSC...... 16 - - - - - 14 2 Form 7 Certificate...... 6 - - - - - 5 1 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 26 ------26 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 43 ------43 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 13 ------13 Post graduate certificate . . . . 1 ------1 Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... ------Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 2,006 34 657 536 385 247 60 87 Literate in English and Tongan. . 1,154 3 127 332 327 221 58 86 Literate in English only. . . . . ------Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 834 24 523 203 56 26 1 1 Illiterate...... 18 7 7 1 2 - 1 - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Eua ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 956 18 327 260 176 109 26 40 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 345 18 327 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 260 - - 260 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 285 - - - 176 109 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 26 - - - - - 26 - Tertiary...... 40 ------40 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 36.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 739 17 265 191 129 81 16 40 No qualification...... 135 16 118 1 - - - - Primary school...... 467 1 147 190 103 26 - - Lower leavers ...... 8 - - - 8 - - - Tonga high learn...... 41 - - - 16 21 4 - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 42 - - - 2 34 6 - University entr/PSSC...... 3 - - - - - 3 - Form 7 Certificate...... 4 - - - - - 3 1 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 11 ------11 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 21 ------21 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 7 ------7 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... ------Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 956 18 327 260 176 109 26 40 Literate in English and Tongan. . 543 2 66 162 149 100 24 40 Literate in English only. . . . . ------Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 404 14 258 97 25 9 1 - Illiterate...... 9 2 3 1 2 - 1 - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Eua ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 2,006 34 657 536 385 247 60 87 Economically active . . . . 1,737 31 556 461 331 220 51 87 Employed full/part time . 352 2 38 48 75 81 32 76 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 783 11 285 250 136 85 8 8 Mainly housework. . . . . 561 17 225 154 112 44 6 3 Temporarily absent. . . . 1 - - - 1 - - - Unemployed...... 40 1 8 9 7 10 5 - Economically inactive . . . 269 3 101 75 54 27 9 - Housework only...... 175 - 37 67 41 24 6 - Student only...... 2 - - - - - 2 - Retired ...... 67 2 53 3 8 1 - - Disabled/handicapped. . . 17 1 8 1 5 1 1 - Other and not stated. . . 8 - 3 4 - 1 - -

Females 15+ years. . . 956 18 327 260 176 109 26 40 Economically active . . . . 747 17 265 192 130 84 19 40 Employed full/part time . 101 - 3 8 13 30 9 38 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 177 3 74 57 26 16 1 - Mainly housework. . . . . 461 14 188 126 90 35 6 2 Temporarily absent. . . . ------Unemployed...... 8 - - 1 1 3 3 - Economically inactive . . . 209 1 62 68 46 25 7 - Housework only...... 169 - 33 66 41 23 6 - Student only...... ------Retired ...... 30 1 26 1 1 1 - - Disabled/handicapped. . . 10 - 3 1 4 1 1 - Other and not stated. . . ------

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 1,344 28 510 404 248 129 14 11 Own/family use/Never sell 625 14 228 198 118 57 8 2 Occasionally sell . . . . 674 13 267 196 120 65 5 8 Regularly sell...... 45 1 15 10 10 7 1 1 Farming and gardening . . . 687 11 241 215 127 77 7 9 Own/family use/Never sell 300 7 92 108 58 30 4 1 Occasionally sell . . . . 363 4 141 105 64 40 2 7 Regularly sell...... 24 - 8 2 5 7 1 1 Fishing ...... 29 1 12 9 5 2 - - Own/family use/Never sell 7 - 2 3 1 1 - - Occasionally sell . . . . 10 1 4 2 2 1 - - Regularly sell...... 12 - 6 4 2 - - - Weaving ...... 628 16 257 180 116 50 7 2 Own/family use/Never sell 318 7 134 87 59 26 4 1 Occasionally sell . . . . 301 8 122 89 54 24 3 1 Regularly sell...... 9 1 1 4 3 - - -

Females 15 years and over 638 17 262 183 116 51 7 2 Own/family use/Never sell 323 7 138 88 59 26 4 1 Occasionally sell . . . . 306 9 123 91 54 25 3 1 Regularly sell...... 9 1 1 4 3 - - - Farming and gardening . . . 11 - 5 4 - 2 - - Own/family use/Never sell 6 - 3 2 - 1 - - Occasionally sell . . . . 5 - 2 2 - 1 - - Regularly sell...... ------Fishing ...... 2 1 1 - - - - - Own/family use/Never sell 1 - 1 - - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 1 1 ------Regularly sell...... ------Weaving ...... 625 16 256 179 116 49 7 2 Own/family use/Never sell 316 7 134 86 59 25 4 1 Occasionally sell . . . . 300 8 121 89 54 24 3 1 Regularly sell...... 9 1 1 4 3 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Eua ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 1,697 30 548 452 324 210 46 87 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 16 - 1 1 3 6 2 3 Professionals ...... 78 - 2 1 10 7 7 51 Techn. & associated techs . 52 1 5 4 8 13 5 16 Clerks...... 54 - 1 2 8 26 11 6 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 28 - 1 7 8 8 4 - Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 725 11 254 228 136 80 7 9 Craft & related trades workers 679 17 265 191 134 62 8 2 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 32 - 3 14 8 6 1 - Elementary occupations. . . 33 1 16 4 9 2 1 - Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 1,697 30 548 452 324 210 46 87 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 686 11 240 215 127 77 7 9 Fishing ...... 28 - 12 8 6 2 - - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 634 17 259 181 116 52 7 2 Utilities ...... 22 - 1 3 3 9 3 3 Construction...... 27 - 5 5 12 5 - - Wholesale and retail trade. 32 - 3 10 7 6 6 - Hotels and restaurants. . . 1 - - - 1 - - - Transport, storage and comm. 25 - 2 6 7 9 - 1 Financial intemediation . . 12 - - 2 1 6 2 1 Real estate, renting, business ------Public admin. and defense . 105 1 18 17 26 27 9 7 Education ...... 73 - - 2 5 4 10 52 Health and social work. . . 25 - 2 - 5 9 1 8 Other community social. . . 27 1 6 3 8 4 1 4 Private households with employ ------Extra-territorial organization ------

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 1,697 30 548 452 324 210 46 87 Own account worker. . . . . 736 15 285 211 135 75 6 9 Employer...... 1 ------1 Employee -- government. . . 192 1 20 18 35 40 19 59 Employee -- quasi-government 62 - 3 13 9 23 9 5 Employee -- private . . . . 85 1 14 12 27 16 4 11 Unpaid family worker. . . . 621 13 226 198 118 56 8 2 Others...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Eua ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 739 17 265 191 129 81 16 40 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 1 - - - - 1 - - Professionals ...... 36 - - - 2 5 2 27 Techn. & associated techs . 20 - - 1 4 6 1 8 Clerks...... 26 - - 1 3 15 4 3 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 10 - - 4 2 2 2 - Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 8 - 4 3 - 1 - - Craft & related trades workers 631 17 258 180 116 51 7 2 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 1 - - - 1 - - - Elementary occupations. . . 6 - 3 2 1 - - - Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 739 17 265 191 129 81 16 40 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 8 - 4 3 - 1 - - Fishing ...... ------Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 632 17 258 180 116 52 7 2 Utilities ...... 4 - - - 1 2 - 1 Construction...... ------Wholesale and retail trade. 11 - - 4 2 3 2 - Hotels and restaurants. . . ------Transport, storage and comm. 4 - - - 1 3 - - Financial intemediation . . 7 - - 1 1 3 1 1 Real estate, renting, business ------Public admin. and defense . 22 - 1 2 3 9 3 4 Education ...... 32 - - 1 2 - 2 27 Health and social work. . . 16 - 2 - 3 7 1 3 Other community social. . . 3 - - - - 1 - 2 Private households with employ ------Extra-territorial organization ------

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 739 17 265 191 129 81 16 40 Own account worker. . . . . 320 11 125 96 58 26 3 1 Employer...... ------Employee -- government. . . 67 - 3 2 8 16 6 32 Employee -- quasi-government 18 - - 3 3 8 2 2 Employee -- private . . . . 12 - - 1 1 5 1 4 Unpaid family worker. . . . 322 6 137 89 59 26 4 1 Others...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Eua ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 203 1 18 61 39 58 12 14 Children ever born ...... 312 3 34 121 56 69 14 15 per 1000 females. . . 1,537 3,000 1,889 1,984 1,436 1,190 1,167 1,071 Children surviving ...... 310 3 34 120 55 69 14 15 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.4 100.0 100.0 99.2 98.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 46 1 5 18 6 11 2 3 per 1000 females. . . 227 1,000 278 295 154 190 167 214

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 142 2 25 34 41 20 6 14 Children ever born ...... 404 7 76 97 114 64 22 24 per 1000 females. . . 2,845 3,500 3,040 2,853 2,780 3,200 3,667 1,714 Children surviving ...... 404 7 76 97 114 64 22 24 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 22 1 3 2 7 3 3 3 per 1000 females. . . 155 500 120 59 171 150 500 214

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 129 1 25 51 27 14 3 8 Children ever born ...... 499 5 102 220 91 47 10 24 per 1000 females. . . 3,868 5,000 4,080 4,314 3,370 3,357 3,333 3,000 Children surviving ...... 499 5 102 219 91 48 10 24 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 100.0 102.1 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 18 - 2 8 6 2 - - per 1000 females. . . 140 - 80 157 222 143 - -

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 98 1 22 44 19 6 2 4 Children ever born ...... 479 8 113 214 107 23 12 2 per 1000 females. . . 4,888 8,000 5,136 4,864 5,632 3,833 6,000 500 Children surviving ...... 473 8 109 214 106 22 12 2 Percent surviving . . . . . 98.7 100.0 96.5 100.0 99.1 95.7 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 8 - 1 2 3 1 - 1 per 1000 females. . . 82 - 45 45 158 167 - 250

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 92 3 45 20 16 5 2 1 Children ever born ...... 522 14 273 127 73 27 7 1 per 1000 females. . . 5,674 4,667 6,067 6,350 4,563 5,400 3,500 1,000 Children surviving ...... 524 14 274 129 72 27 7 1 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.4 100.0 100.4 101.6 98.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 1 - 1 - - - - - per 1000 females. . . 11 - 22 - - - - -

Total Fertility Rate. . . 3,075 7,500 2,725 2,780 3,525 3,250 3,335 3,390

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Eua ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 664 8 135 210 142 103 25 41 Birth in last year ...... 95 2 12 30 22 17 5 7 Female ...... 41 1 4 14 7 11 2 2 Still alive...... 41 1 4 14 7 11 2 2 Male ...... 54 1 8 16 15 6 3 5 Still alive...... 54 1 8 16 15 6 3 5

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 525 8 112 174 116 72 18 25 Less than 18 ...... 11 - 5 6 - - - - 18 or 19 ...... 56 2 19 19 10 4 1 1 20 ...... 79 3 25 23 21 5 1 1 21 ...... 50 - 9 25 7 6 1 2 22 ...... 60 - 14 24 14 8 - - 23 ...... 41 3 5 17 6 3 5 2 24 ...... 44 - 8 10 14 9 2 1 25 or 26 ...... 82 - 13 22 16 19 2 10 27 to 29 ...... 55 - 5 14 17 11 2 6 30 to 34 ...... 34 - 5 11 7 6 4 1 35 or more ...... 13 - 4 3 4 1 - 1

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 1,027 15 199 302 224 182 46 59 Father died...... 1,011 20 466 240 165 69 15 36

Mother alive ...... 1,162 16 242 345 253 188 50 68 Mother died...... 876 19 423 197 136 63 11 27 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Eua ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 787 - 312 195 222 15 43 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 22 - 5 8 9 - - - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 37 - 16 8 9 1 3 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 73 - 28 20 20 3 2 - European style, brick/cement 173 - 62 31 58 5 17 - European style, wooden. . . 472 - 195 125 125 6 21 - Other ...... 10 - 6 3 1 - - -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 593 - 241 128 171 11 42 - Tank water...... 587 - 250 142 159 10 26 - Well water...... 1 - - 1 - - - - Other water ...... 9 - 2 3 4 - - -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 312 - 115 58 95 10 34 - Manual toilet ...... 77 - 25 24 26 1 1 - Pit toilet...... 465 - 209 127 116 5 8 - No toilet ...... 10 - 3 4 3 - - - Other type of toilet. . . . 2 - 1 - 1 - - -

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 635 - 257 149 177 11 41 - Generator ...... 7 - 2 2 3 - - - Kerosene...... 341 - 154 86 89 6 6 - Benzine ...... 22 - 9 4 8 - 1 - Solar ...... 2 - 2 - - - - - Other lighting...... 3 - - 1 2 - - -

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 73 - 34 13 22 1 3 - Gas cooking ...... 282 - 102 48 92 7 33 - Firewood cooking...... 712 - 292 183 197 14 26 - Kerosene cooking...... 170 - 72 46 47 1 4 - Other cooking ...... ------

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 688 - 277 168 189 14 40 - Bicycle ...... 204 - 91 42 62 2 7 - Boat...... 19 - 8 6 4 1 - - Hot and cold water. . . . . 28 - 13 9 5 - 1 - Shower...... 723 - 295 169 202 15 42 - Vehicle ...... 174 - 67 35 48 9 15 - Refrigerator...... 297 - 125 66 79 6 21 - Television...... 173 - 73 34 51 5 10 - Video ...... 214 - 81 55 62 4 12 - Computer...... 2 - - - - - 2 -

Cattle...... 232 - 106 48 62 4 12 - Horses...... 348 - 165 80 91 4 8 - Pigs...... 716 - 290 180 198 12 36 - Chickens...... 554 - 243 130 155 6 20 - Goats ...... 143 - 57 37 42 3 4 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 633 - 263 152 180 9 29 - Squash only ...... 2 - - - 1 1 - - Squash and crops...... 79 - 25 26 18 2 8 - No crops grown...... 73 - 24 17 23 3 6 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 670 - 288 175 184 7 16 - Rented...... 6 - - - 4 - 2 - Rent free ...... 97 - 17 19 31 7 23 - Other ...... 13 - 7 1 3 - 2 - Institution ...... 1 - - - - 1 - - Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 775 - 310 190 219 14 42 - Bury...... 6 - 1 1 2 1 1 - Lagoon/Ocean...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - Others...... 4 - - 3 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-1. Age and Sex by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25 years and over] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 Under 1 years ...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 129 1 19 31 25 27 17 9 30 to 34 years...... 115 - 25 29 24 25 8 4 35 to 39 years...... 99 - 32 25 21 11 4 6 40 to 44 years...... 93 3 32 27 14 10 2 5 45 to 49 years...... 83 1 44 19 11 2 3 3 50 to 54 years...... 84 3 49 10 16 4 - 2 55 to 59 years...... 76 2 58 4 8 - 3 1 60 to 64 years...... 60 9 33 8 7 2 1 - 65 to 69 years...... 42 4 28 1 7 2 - - 70 to 74 years...... 16 2 13 - 1 - - - 75 to 79 years...... 23 3 19 1 - - - - 80 to 84 years...... 14 - 13 - - - 1 - 85 years and over . . . . . 6 1 4 - 1 - - - Median...... 44.1 62.5 53.3 38.5 39.4 32.9 31.6 36.7 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 23.0 172.7 40.4 6.7 13.2 5.1 5.4 - Total dependency...... 23.0 172.7 40.4 6.7 13.2 5.1 5.4 -

Males...... 458 19 195 71 74 48 29 22 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 66 1 6 15 12 11 13 8 30 to 34 years...... 65 - 15 15 12 17 4 2 35 to 39 years...... 53 - 20 11 11 4 3 4 40 to 44 years...... 46 2 19 7 7 8 1 2 45 to 49 years...... 44 - 19 10 7 2 3 3 50 to 54 years...... 46 1 23 7 9 4 - 2 55 to 59 years...... 43 1 32 2 4 - 3 1 60 to 64 years...... 40 8 20 4 5 2 1 - 65 to 69 years...... 22 2 13 - 7 - - - 70 to 74 years...... 12 1 11 - - - - - 75 to 79 years...... 14 3 11 - - - - - 80 to 84 years...... 5 - 4 - - - 1 - 85 years and over . . . . . 2 - 2 - - - - - Median...... 44.9 62.8 54.0 37.5 41.4 33.8 31.9 36.3 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 26.2 280.0 45.5 6.0 19.4 4.3 7.4 - Total dependency...... 26.2 280.0 45.5 6.0 19.4 4.3 7.4 -

Females...... 382 10 174 84 61 35 10 8 Less than 1 year...... ------1 to 4 years...... ------5 to 9 years...... ------10 to 14 years...... ------15 to 19 years...... ------20 to 24 years...... ------25 to 29 years...... 63 - 13 16 13 16 4 1 30 to 34 years...... 50 - 10 14 12 8 4 2 35 to 39 years...... 46 - 12 14 10 7 1 2 40 to 44 years...... 47 1 13 20 7 2 1 3 45 to 49 years...... 39 1 25 9 4 - - - 50 to 54 years...... 38 2 26 3 7 - - - 55 to 59 years...... 33 1 26 2 4 - - - 60 to 64 years...... 20 1 13 4 2 - - - 65 to 69 years...... 20 2 15 1 - 2 - - 70 to 74 years...... 4 1 2 - 1 - - - 75 to 79 years...... 9 - 8 1 - - - - 80 to 84 years...... 9 - 9 - - - - - 85 years and over . . . . . 4 1 2 - 1 - - - Median...... 43.4 60.0 52.7 39.3 37.8 30.9 31.3 37.5 Youth dependency...... ------Aged dependency ...... 19.6 83.3 35.5 7.3 6.8 6.1 - - Total dependency...... 19.6 83.3 35.5 7.3 6.8 6.1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 835 29 369 155 135 82 38 27 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 31 - 5 6 7 6 4 3 26...... 23 - 3 3 6 7 2 2 27...... 23 - 4 8 3 4 2 2 28...... 27 1 5 8 4 4 5 - 29...... 24 - 2 6 5 6 4 1 30...... 23 - 5 7 5 6 - - 31...... 30 - 7 8 4 6 2 3 32...... 19 - 2 5 5 6 1 - 33...... 17 - 3 3 5 2 3 1 34...... 25 - 8 6 5 5 1 - 35...... 14 - 2 4 6 - - 2 36...... 23 - 4 6 5 6 1 1 37...... 22 - 12 6 3 1 - - 38...... 25 - 11 8 2 3 1 - 39...... 14 - 3 1 5 1 2 2 40...... 18 - 6 5 4 1 - 2 41...... 25 - 8 9 5 2 1 - 42...... 15 1 4 2 1 6 - 1 43...... 21 - 10 5 3 1 - 2 44...... 14 2 4 6 1 - 1 - 45...... 16 - 9 2 2 - 1 2 46...... 17 - 7 3 5 1 1 - 47...... 10 - 4 5 1 - - - 48...... 18 - 8 6 2 1 1 - 49...... 21 1 16 3 1 - - - 50...... 26 1 14 5 5 - - 1 51...... 15 - 6 3 4 1 - 1 52...... 11 - 6 - 4 1 - - 53...... 8 1 6 1 - - - - 54...... 24 1 17 1 3 2 - - 55...... 8 - 6 1 1 - - - 56...... 26 1 20 - 3 - 2 - 57...... 19 1 12 3 3 - - - 58...... 16 - 14 - 1 - - 1 59...... 7 - 6 - - - 1 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Atainment for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 16 3 6 2 5 - - - 61...... 6 - 4 1 1 - - - 62...... 9 - 7 1 1 - - - 63...... 10 2 5 2 - - 1 - 64...... 19 4 11 2 - 2 - - 65...... 14 1 9 - 3 1 - - 66...... 9 - 8 - 1 - - - 67...... 6 3 3 - - - - - 68...... 7 - 5 - 2 - - - 69...... 5 - 3 1 1 - - - 70...... 4 2 2 - - - - - 71...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 72...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 73...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 74...... 5 - 4 - 1 - - - 75...... 6 1 5 - - - - - 76...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 77...... 3 1 2 - - - - - 78...... 6 - 6 - - - - - 79...... 6 1 4 1 - - - - 80...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 81...... 3 - 2 - - - 1 - 82...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 83...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 84...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 85...... ------86...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 87...... ------88...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 89...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 90...... ------91...... ------92...... ------93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - - - 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 380 10 174 84 61 34 10 7 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 18 - 5 3 3 6 1 - 26...... 15 - 2 2 5 4 1 1 27...... 9 - 1 3 1 3 1 - 28...... 15 - 4 6 2 2 1 - 29...... 6 - 1 2 2 1 - - 30...... 9 - 2 3 3 1 - - 31...... 9 - 1 3 2 - 1 2 32...... 9 - 1 1 3 3 1 - 33...... 6 - 1 1 2 1 1 - 34...... 17 - 5 6 2 3 1 - 35...... 6 - - 3 3 - - - 36...... 10 - - 4 2 4 - - 37...... 11 - 4 4 2 1 - - 38...... 12 - 6 2 2 1 1 - 39...... 6 - 2 1 1 1 - 1 40...... 11 - 2 5 2 - - 2 41...... 13 - 2 7 2 1 1 - 42...... 5 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 43...... 10 - 6 2 2 - - - 44...... 8 1 1 6 - - - - 45...... 5 - 5 - - - - - 46...... 6 - 3 1 2 - - - 47...... 6 - 3 3 - - - - 48...... 11 - 6 4 1 - - - 49...... 11 1 8 1 1 - - - 50...... 12 - 7 1 4 - - - 51...... 4 - 2 1 1 - - - 52...... 5 - 3 - 2 - - - 53...... 4 1 3 - - - - - 54...... 13 1 11 1 - - - - 55...... 5 - 3 1 1 - - - 56...... 10 1 8 - 1 - - - 57...... 9 - 7 1 1 - - - 58...... 8 - 7 - 1 - - - 59...... 1 - 1 - - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 Females 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 7 - 4 1 2 - - - 61...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 62...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 63...... 4 - 2 2 - - - - 64...... 7 1 5 1 - - - - 65...... 6 1 4 - - 1 - - 66...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 67...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 68...... 5 - 5 - - - - - 69...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 70...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 71...... ------72...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 73...... ------74...... 1 - - - 1 - - - 75...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 76...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 77...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 78...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 79...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 80...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 81...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 82...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 83...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 84...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 85...... ------86...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 87...... ------88...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 89...... 1 1 ------90...... ------91...... ------92...... ------93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... 1 - - - 1 - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______All persons...... 455 19 195 71 74 48 28 20 Under 1 years ...... ------1...... ------2...... ------3...... ------4...... ------5...... ------6...... ------7...... ------8...... ------9...... ------10...... ------11...... ------12...... ------13...... ------14...... ------15...... ------16...... ------17...... ------18...... ------19...... ------20...... ------21...... ------22...... ------23...... ------24...... ------25...... 13 - - 3 4 - 3 3 26...... 8 - 1 1 1 3 1 1 27...... 14 - 3 5 2 1 1 2 28...... 12 1 1 2 2 2 4 - 29...... 18 - 1 4 3 5 4 1 30...... 14 - 3 4 2 5 - - 31...... 21 - 6 5 2 6 1 1 32...... 10 - 1 4 2 3 - - 33...... 11 - 2 2 3 1 2 1 34...... 8 - 3 - 3 2 - - 35...... 8 - 2 1 3 - - 2 36...... 13 - 4 2 3 2 1 1 37...... 11 - 8 2 1 - - - 38...... 13 - 5 6 - 2 - - 39...... 8 - 1 - 4 - 2 1 40...... 7 - 4 - 2 1 - - 41...... 12 - 6 2 3 1 - - 42...... 10 1 2 2 - 5 - - 43...... 11 - 4 3 1 1 - 2 44...... 6 1 3 - 1 - 1 - 45...... 11 - 4 2 2 - 1 2 46...... 11 - 4 2 3 1 1 - 47...... 4 - 1 2 1 - - - 48...... 7 - 2 2 1 1 1 - 49...... 10 - 8 2 - - - - 50...... 14 1 7 4 1 - - 1 51...... 11 - 4 2 3 1 - 1 52...... 6 - 3 - 2 1 - - 53...... 4 - 3 1 - - - - 54...... 11 - 6 - 3 2 - - 55...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 56...... 16 - 12 - 2 - 2 - 57...... 10 1 5 2 2 - - - 58...... 8 - 7 - - - - 1 59...... 6 - 5 - - - 1 - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-2. Single Year of Age by Educational Attainment for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [Males 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Age Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______60...... 9 3 2 1 3 - - - 61...... 5 - 3 1 1 - - - 62...... 8 - 6 1 1 - - - 63...... 6 2 3 - - - 1 - 64...... 12 3 6 1 - 2 - - 65...... 8 - 5 - 3 - - - 66...... 5 - 4 - 1 - - - 67...... 4 2 2 - - - - - 68...... 2 - - - 2 - - - 69...... 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 70...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 71...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 72...... 2 - 2 - - - - - 73...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 74...... 4 - 4 - - - - - 75...... 4 1 3 - - - - - 76...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 77...... 2 1 1 - - - - - 78...... 3 - 3 - - - - - 79...... 4 1 3 - - - - - 80...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 81...... 1 - - - - - 1 - 82...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 83...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 84...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 85...... ------86...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 87...... ------88...... ------89...... 1 - 1 - - - - - 90...... ------91...... ------92...... ------93...... ------94...... ------95...... ------96...... ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 6-3. Relationship, Ethnicity, Religion and Marital Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Relationship Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 Head...... 378 15 172 56 59 37 22 17 Spouse...... 235 4 105 58 36 19 8 5 Son ...... 56 - 22 12 13 7 - 2 Daughter...... 50 1 19 12 9 6 2 1 Brother ...... 17 2 8 3 2 1 1 - Sister...... 4 1 1 1 - 1 - - Child of spouse ...... 7 - 1 2 4 - - - Grandchild...... ------Father...... 2 - 2 - - - - - Mother...... 10 2 6 2 - - - - Parent of spouse...... 5 - 5 - - - - - Other relatives ...... 15 1 9 1 3 1 - - No relation ...... 61 3 19 8 9 11 6 5 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 Tongan...... 834 29 368 155 135 82 38 27 Part-Tongan ...... 1 - 1 - - - - - European...... 1 - - - - - 1 - Fijian...... ------Samoan...... ------Indian...... ------Chinese ...... ------Japanese...... ------Other Pacific Islands . . . 2 - - - - 1 - 1 Other Asian ...... 2 ------2 Not elsewhere specified . . ------Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 FWC ...... 319 10 107 68 66 39 19 10 Catholic...... 320 11 180 49 38 26 9 7 LDS ...... 19 - 6 2 4 7 - - Free Church of Tonga. . . . 140 7 62 30 24 6 6 5 Church of Tonga ...... 15 1 7 2 1 3 1 - Tokaikolo ...... 2 - 2 - - - - - Anglican...... 3 - - - - - 1 2 SDA ...... 11 - 4 2 1 2 - 2 AOG ...... ------Tonga Konisituto...... 2 - - - - - 1 1 Gospel Church ...... ------Bahai Faith ...... 4 - 1 1 1 - 1 - Moslem...... ------Hindu ...... ------Buddhist...... ------Others...... 2 - - 1 - - 1 - Refuse to answer...... ------None...... 3 ------3 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 455 19 195 71 74 48 28 20 Never married ...... 93 4 37 18 13 11 7 3 Married ...... 337 13 142 50 59 36 21 16 Widowed ...... 20 2 13 3 2 - - - Divorced or separated . . . 5 - 3 - - 1 - 1 Not stated...... ------

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 380 10 174 84 61 34 10 7 Never married ...... 49 2 18 11 6 8 2 2 Married ...... 283 4 126 68 46 26 8 5 Widowed ...... 37 3 27 4 3 - - - Divorced or separated . . . 11 1 3 1 6 - - - Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-4. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Population 25+ years] Niuas ______Primary Form Birthplace ______Usual residence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 Tonga ...... 836 29 369 155 135 83 38 27 Tongatapu ...... 132 2 33 26 27 17 18 9 Vava'u...... 71 - 15 15 17 14 5 5 Ha'apai ...... 33 - 11 6 8 2 2 4 Eua ...... 30 1 12 11 3 - 2 1 Niuas ...... 570 26 298 97 80 50 11 8 Elsewhere ...... 4 - - - - - 1 3

Males ...... 458 19 195 71 74 48 29 22 Tonga ...... 455 19 195 71 74 48 28 20 Tongatapu ...... 69 1 14 10 10 10 17 7 Vava'u...... 34 - 7 5 8 9 2 3 Ha'apai ...... 16 - 3 2 4 2 1 4 Eua ...... 13 1 5 2 3 - 1 1 Niuas ...... 323 17 166 52 49 27 7 5 Elsewhere ...... 3 - - - - - 1 2

Females ...... 382 10 174 84 61 35 10 8 Tonga ...... 381 10 174 84 61 35 10 7 Tongatapu ...... 63 1 19 16 17 7 1 2 Vava'u...... 37 - 8 10 9 5 3 2 Ha'apai ...... 17 - 8 4 4 - 1 - Eua ...... 17 - 7 9 - - 1 - Niuas ...... 247 9 132 45 31 23 4 3 Elsewhere ...... 1 ------1

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 840 29 369 155 135 83 39 30 Tonga ...... 836 29 368 155 135 83 39 27 Tongatapu ...... 16 - 2 - 2 6 4 2 Vava'u...... 4 - 3 1 - - - - Ha'apai ...... 2 - 2 - - - - - Eua ...... 4 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 Niuas ...... 810 29 360 153 133 76 35 24 Elsewhere ...... 4 - 1 - - - - 3

Males ...... 458 19 195 71 74 48 29 22 Tonga ...... 456 19 195 71 74 48 29 20 Tongatapu ...... 9 - - - 1 3 4 1 Vava'u...... 1 - - 1 - - - - Ha'apai ...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Eua ...... 2 - 1 - - - - 1 Niuas ...... 443 19 193 70 73 45 25 18 Elsewhere ...... 2 ------2

Females ...... 382 10 174 84 61 35 10 8 Tonga ...... 380 10 173 84 61 35 10 7 Tongatapu ...... 7 - 2 - 1 3 - 1 Vava'u...... 3 - 3 - - - - - Ha'apai ...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Eua ...... 2 - - 1 - 1 - - Niuas ...... 367 10 167 83 60 31 10 6 Elsewhere ...... 2 - 1 - - - - 1 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Niuas ______School Enrollment Primary Form Educational Attainment ______Qualifications Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 835 29 369 155 135 82 38 27 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 398 29 369 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 155 - - 155 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 217 - - - 135 82 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 38 - - - - - 38 - Tertiary...... 27 ------27 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 33.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 578 14 244 100 87 71 35 27 No qualification...... 235 14 220 - - 1 - - Primary school...... 165 - 24 100 39 2 - - Lower leavers ...... 16 - - - 8 7 1 - Tonga high learn...... 70 - - - 40 29 1 - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 42 - - - - 32 10 - University entr/PSSC...... 19 - - - - - 19 - Form 7 Certificate...... 1 - - - - - 1 - Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 3 ------3 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 23 - - - - - 2 21 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 2 - - - - - 1 1 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... 2 ------2 Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 835 29 369 155 135 82 38 27 Literate in English and Tongan. . 423 - 86 76 118 78 38 27 Literate in English only. . . . . ------Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 396 26 274 78 15 3 - - Illiterate...... 16 3 9 1 2 1 - - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-5. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Niuas ______School Enrollment and Primary Form Type of School ______Educational Attainment Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 380 10 174 84 61 34 10 7 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 184 10 174 - - - - - Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 84 - - 84 - - - - Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 95 - - - 61 34 - - Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 10 - - - - - 10 - Tertiary...... 7 ------7 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 29.5 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 216 5 99 41 30 26 8 7 No qualification...... 95 5 90 - - - - - Primary school...... 62 - 9 41 11 1 - - Lower leavers ...... 5 - - - 4 1 - - Tonga high learn...... 26 - - - 15 11 - - New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 17 - - - - 13 4 - University entr/PSSC...... 3 - - - - - 3 - Form 7 Certificate...... ------Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . ------Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 5 - - - - - 1 4 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 1 ------1 Post graduate certificate . . . . ------Post graduate diploma ...... ------Post graduate masters ...... 2 ------2 Post graduate PhD ...... ------Others...... ------None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 380 10 174 84 61 34 10 7 Literate in English and Tongan. . 186 - 42 40 53 34 10 7 Literate in English only. . . . . ------Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 184 8 126 43 7 - - - Illiterate...... 10 2 6 1 1 - - - Not requested ...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-6. Economic Activity and Subsistence by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Niuas ______Primary Form Economic Activity ______Subsistence Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Population 15+ years . 835 29 369 155 135 82 38 27 Economically active . . . . 599 15 251 106 93 72 35 27 Employed full/part time . 183 3 28 18 35 44 29 26 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 188 5 112 37 20 9 5 - Mainly housework. . . . . 204 6 104 45 32 16 1 - Temporarily absent. . . . 3 - - - - 2 - 1 Unemployed...... 21 1 7 6 6 1 - - Economically inactive . . . 236 14 118 49 42 10 3 - Housework only...... 165 6 68 44 36 9 2 - Student only...... ------Retired ...... 61 7 44 4 5 - 1 - Disabled/handicapped. . . 10 1 6 1 1 1 - - Other and not stated. . . ------

Females 15+ years. . . 380 10 174 84 61 34 10 7 Economically active . . . . 219 5 99 43 31 26 8 7 Employed full/part time . 27 - - - 4 10 6 7 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 47 1 31 10 3 - 2 - Mainly housework. . . . . 141 4 68 31 23 15 - - Temporarily absent. . . . 1 - - - - 1 - - Unemployed...... 3 - - 2 1 - - - Economically inactive . . . 161 5 75 41 30 8 2 - Housework only...... 130 3 53 36 28 8 2 - Student only...... ------Retired ...... 27 2 19 4 2 - - - Disabled/handicapped. . . 4 - 3 1 - - - - Other and not stated. . . ------

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 392 11 216 82 52 25 6 - Own/family use/Never sell 207 7 100 53 30 14 3 - Occasionally sell . . . . 176 4 113 25 21 10 3 - Regularly sell...... 9 - 3 4 1 1 - - Farming and gardening . . . 191 6 109 38 25 8 5 - Own/family use/Never sell 129 5 66 30 20 6 2 - Occasionally sell . . . . 60 1 42 8 4 2 3 - Regularly sell...... 2 - 1 - 1 - - - Fishing ...... 13 - 10 2 1 - - - Own/family use/Never sell 4 - 3 1 - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 8 - 6 1 1 - - - Regularly sell...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Weaving ...... 188 5 97 42 26 17 1 - Own/family use/Never sell 74 2 31 22 10 8 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 108 3 65 16 16 8 - - Regularly sell...... 6 - 1 4 - 1 - -

Females 15 years and over 188 5 99 41 26 15 2 - Own/family use/Never sell 74 2 32 21 10 8 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 109 3 66 16 16 7 1 - Regularly sell...... 5 - 1 4 - - - - Farming and gardening . . . 3 - 2 - - - 1 - Own/family use/Never sell 1 - 1 - - - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 2 - 1 - - - 1 - Regularly sell...... ------Fishing ...... ------Own/family use/Never sell ------Occasionally sell . . . . ------Regularly sell...... ------Weaving ...... 185 5 97 41 26 15 1 - Own/family use/Never sell 73 2 31 21 10 8 1 - Occasionally sell . . . . 107 3 65 16 16 7 - - Regularly sell...... 5 - 1 4 - - - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Niuas ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 578 14 244 100 87 71 35 27 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 17 1 1 5 2 2 2 4 Professionals ...... 44 1 2 - 3 11 10 17 Techn. & associated techs . 34 - 1 1 9 11 7 5 Clerks...... 26 - 1 - 4 12 9 - Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 11 - 1 - 5 3 1 1 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 204 6 117 41 26 9 5 - Craft & related trades workers 199 5 102 42 30 19 1 - Plan & machine oper. & assembl 7 1 3 1 1 1 - - Elementary occupations. . . 36 - 16 10 7 3 - - Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 578 14 244 100 87 71 35 27 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 193 6 108 40 26 8 5 - Fishing ...... 13 - 9 2 1 1 - - Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 191 5 100 41 28 16 1 - Utilities ...... 2 - 1 - - 1 - - Construction...... ------Wholesale and retail trade. 22 - 7 2 5 7 1 - Hotels and restaurants. . . ------Transport, storage and comm. 5 - - 1 - 3 1 - Financial intemediation . . 4 - - - 1 - 3 - Real estate, renting, business 1 ------1 Public admin. and defense . 84 2 16 14 16 18 10 8 Education ...... 34 - - - 2 9 7 16 Health and social work. . . 6 - - - - 3 2 1 Other community social. . . 23 1 3 - 8 5 5 1 Private households with employ ------Extra-territorial organization ------

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 578 14 244 100 87 71 35 27 Own account worker. . . . . 193 4 118 30 24 13 3 1 Employer...... 1 - 1 - - - - - Employee -- government. . . 123 2 16 13 18 30 19 25 Employee -- quasi-government 21 - 7 - 3 6 5 - Employee -- private . . . . 30 1 3 3 10 7 5 1 Unpaid family worker. . . . 210 7 99 54 32 15 3 - Others...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-7. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Female Tongans and Part-Tongans only] Niuas ______Occupation Primary Form Industry ______Employment status Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 216 5 99 41 30 26 8 7 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 2 ------2 Professionals ...... 12 - - - - 5 2 5 Techn. & associated techs . 6 - - - 1 3 2 - Clerks...... 5 - - - 1 2 2 - Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 1 - - - 1 - - - Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 2 - - 1 - - 1 - Craft & related trades workers 187 5 99 40 27 15 1 - Plan & machine oper. & assembl 1 - - - - 1 - - Elementary occupations. . . ------Armed forces...... ------

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 216 5 99 41 30 26 8 7 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 2 - - 1 - - 1 - Fishing ...... ------Mining and quarrying. . . . ------Manufacturing ...... 187 5 99 40 27 15 1 - Utilities ...... ------Construction...... ------Wholesale and retail trade. 2 - - - 1 1 - - Hotels and restaurants. . . ------Transport, storage and comm. ------Financial intemediation . . 1 - - - - - 1 - Real estate, renting, business ------Public admin. and defense . 6 - - - 1 2 2 1 Education ...... 15 - - - 1 6 2 6 Health and social work. . . 2 - - - - 1 1 - Other community social. . . 1 - - - - 1 - - Private households with employ ------Extra-territorial organization ------

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 216 5 99 41 30 26 8 7 Own account worker. . . . . 115 3 67 21 16 7 1 - Employer...... ------Employee -- government. . . 23 - - - 2 9 5 7 Employee -- quasi-government 1 - - - - - 1 - Employee -- private . . . . 2 - - - - 2 - - Unpaid family worker. . . . 75 2 32 20 12 8 1 - Others...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . ------Children ever born ...... ------per 1000 females. . . ------Children surviving ...... ------Percent surviving . . . . . ------Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 63 - 13 16 13 16 4 1 Children ever born ...... 109 - 20 37 23 20 6 3 per 1000 females. . . 1,730 - 1,538 2,313 1,769 1,250 1,500 3,000 Children surviving ...... 109 - 20 37 23 20 6 3 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 14 - 4 5 1 3 1 - per 1000 females. . . 222 - 308 313 77 188 250 -

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 50 - 10 14 12 8 4 2 Children ever born ...... 149 - 33 42 35 24 12 3 per 1000 females. . . 2,980 - 3,300 3,000 2,917 3,000 3,000 1,500 Children surviving ...... 148 - 33 42 35 24 11 3 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.3 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.7 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 8 - 1 4 1 1 1 - per 1000 females. . . 160 - 100 286 83 125 250 -

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 46 - 12 14 10 7 1 2 Children ever born ...... 201 - 51 76 34 28 - 12 per 1000 females. . . 4,370 - 4,250 5,429 3,400 4,000 - 6,000 Children surviving ...... 200 - 50 76 34 28 - 12 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 - 98.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 12 - 3 4 2 3 - - per 1000 females. . . 261 - 250 286 200 429 - -

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 47 1 13 20 7 2 1 3 Children ever born ...... 240 3 79 113 27 12 - 6 per 1000 females. . . 5,106 3,000 6,077 5,650 3,857 6,000 - 2,000 Children surviving ...... 239 3 79 111 27 12 - 7 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.6 100.0 100.0 98.2 100.0 100.0 - 116.7 Children born last 12 months . 5 - - 4 1 - - - per 1000 females. . . 106 - - 200 143 - - -

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 39 1 25 9 4 - - - Children ever born ...... 207 6 136 48 17 - - - per 1000 females. . . 5,308 6,000 5,440 5,333 4,250 - - - Children surviving ...... 206 6 136 47 17 - - - Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 100.0 100.0 97.9 100.0 - - - Children born last 12 months . ------per 1000 females. . . ------

Total Fertility Rate. . . 3,745 - 3,290 5,425 2,515 3,710 2,500 -

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-8. Fertility by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] Niuas ______Primary Form ______Fertility Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 245 2 73 73 46 33 10 8 Birth in last year ...... 39 - 8 17 5 7 2 - Female ...... 16 - 5 7 - 4 - - Still alive...... 16 - 5 7 - 4 - - Male ...... 23 - 3 10 5 3 2 - Still alive...... 23 - 3 10 5 3 2 -

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 199 2 61 63 36 25 7 5 Less than 18 ...... 2 - 1 1 - - - - 18 or 19 ...... 23 1 10 8 3 1 - - 20 ...... 24 - 10 8 3 3 - - 21 ...... 24 - 5 9 6 4 - - 22 ...... 24 - 8 7 7 1 1 - 23 ...... 19 - 6 7 4 - 1 1 24 ...... 20 - 4 5 5 4 1 1 25 or 26 ...... 27 1 6 9 3 5 2 1 27 to 29 ...... 23 - 5 6 3 6 2 1 30 to 34 ...... 12 - 5 3 2 1 - 1 35 or more ...... 1 - 1 - - - - -

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 367 3 113 74 74 52 27 24 Father died...... 473 26 256 81 61 31 12 6

Mother alive ...... 468 11 153 106 86 67 27 18 Mother died...... 372 18 216 49 49 16 12 12 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 5-9. Housing Characteristics by Educational Attainment, Tonga: 1996 [Total housing units] Niuas ______Primary Form Housing ______Characteristics Total 1 - 3 4 - 6 Form 1-3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6-7 Tertiary ______Housing units ...... 374 - 187 55 95 22 15 -

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 13 - 11 - 2 - - - Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 19 - 10 1 5 2 1 - Tongan, thatch roof and walls 63 - 28 18 14 1 2 - European style, brick/cement 114 - 65 14 24 7 4 - European style, wooden. . . 143 - 62 19 46 10 6 - Other ...... 22 - 11 3 4 2 2 -

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 208 - 117 26 47 11 7 - Tank water...... 232 - 110 32 67 14 9 - Well water...... 3 - 1 1 - - 1 - Other water ...... 7 - 2 5 - - - -

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 99 - 39 6 28 15 11 - Manual toilet ...... 8 - 2 2 4 - - - Pit toilet...... 290 - 156 47 74 9 4 - No toilet ...... 8 - 4 3 - - 1 - Other type of toilet. . . . ------

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 8 - 1 1 3 2 1 - Generator ...... 27 - 11 2 9 3 2 - Kerosene...... 350 - 184 54 86 14 12 - Benzine ...... 86 - 44 17 18 6 1 - Solar ...... 20 - 1 - 10 7 2 - Other lighting...... ------

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 2 - - - 2 - - - Gas cooking ...... 39 - 13 3 8 9 6 - Firewood cooking...... 359 - 183 55 91 18 12 - Kerosene cooking...... 139 - 61 19 39 11 9 - Other cooking ...... 1 - 1 - - - - -

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 294 - 149 39 76 17 13 - Bicycle ...... 156 - 91 21 36 4 4 - Boat...... 30 - 18 6 4 - 2 - Hot and cold water. . . . . 2 - 1 - - - 1 - Shower...... 341 - 169 52 85 21 14 - Vehicle ...... 31 - 11 3 8 5 4 - Refrigerator...... 24 - 7 - 6 5 6 - Television...... 9 - 1 - 4 1 3 - Video ...... 23 - 6 1 6 5 5 - Computer...... 1 - - - - - 1 -

Cattle...... 23 - 12 5 6 - - - Horses...... 186 - 116 35 32 3 - - Pigs...... 344 - 183 54 82 16 9 - Chickens...... 332 - 180 49 81 11 11 - Goats ...... 64 - 37 10 14 2 1 -

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 351 - 180 55 89 16 11 - Squash only ...... 1 - - - - - 1 - Squash and crops...... ------No crops grown...... 22 - 7 - 6 6 3 -

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 293 - 171 49 65 7 1 - Rented...... 2 - 1 - - - 1 - Rent free ...... 78 - 15 6 30 15 12 - Other ...... 1 - - - - - 1 - Institution ...... ------Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 344 - 170 52 91 19 12 - Bury...... 26 - 15 3 4 1 3 - Lagoon/Ocean...... 1 - - - - 1 - - Others...... 3 - 2 - - 1 - - ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census