Communication 618C: Health Communication Campaigns

Communication 610R Culture, Marginalization, & Resistance Fall 2006

Instructor Professor Mohan J Dutta 2148 BRNG Office: 494-2587 Email: [email protected] Web: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~mdutta Office Hours: MW 10:00-12:30 and by appt.

Course Philosophy

Drawing from an emerging body of literature in subaltern studies, we will examine life experiences of individuals, communities and social systems that stand at the margins, and attempt to answer questions of silencing and voice. What does it mean to be silenced? What are the communication messages and processes through which marginalization is carried out? What are the ways in which resistance is enacted? What are the communicative dimensions of resistance? In answering these questions, the course will build upon the works of seminal subaltern studies scholars such as Mahasweta Devi, Ranajit Guha, Ileana Rodriguez, John Beverly, Gayatri Spivak, Ashis Nandy, Gyanendra Pandey, Dipesh Chakravarty, and Partha Chatterjee. These core readings will be complemented by excerpts from the writings of Marx, Engels, Gramsci, Adorno, Foucault, and Habermas.

Ultimately, the course will offer entry points for engaging in critical debates about the role of communication in the realms of participation, democracy, civil society, and social change. The study of the combinations of micro-, meso-, and macro-level communication processes presented here will provide theoretical and pragmatic insights regarding the ways in which cultural and social systems go through change.

Course Overview

This course will explore the intersections of culture, marginalization and resistance, paying particular attention to understanding those communication processes and messages that constitute marginalization and offer opportunities for social change through the enactment of resistance to the dominant social structures. The approach to culture proposed in the course will seek to elucidate those elements of the local context that are dynamic and offer opportunities for change. It is within this multilayered and dynamic web of culture that privileged social actors exert power and control, and create conditions of marginalization. The emphasis of the first part of the semester will be on studying the communication processes that constitute marginalization. The second part of the semester will focus on studying those communication processes that are manifestations of resistance. Course Objectives

The student is expected to attain the following goals in this course:  Understand the different approaches to the study of culture.  Understand the role of culture in the construction of communication.  Understand the relationship between structure and culture in the creation of marginalized conditions.  Understand the relationship between marginalization and resistance.  Develop an understanding of the communicative practices through which resistance is enacted.

Evaluation Criteria

1. Course Readings & Effective Class Participation (10% = 100): Effective class participation is based upon thorough engagement with the assigned course readings and is not automatically guaranteed. Special attention must be paid to understanding the objectives of the individual paper, the research methodology, and the presentation of the results. Since we will be discussing a wide range of topics on each day, synthesis will be highly valued in the class. In addition, each of you will turn in two research questions by noon on the Friday preceding the class. For instance, for the week of January 24, the questions are due by Friday, January 21. There are no exceptions to this policy. Please be prepared to discuss your questions with the class. Also, please be prepared to be individually called on to answer a question related to the course content.

2. Proposal (30% = 300): Each student will write a proposal for a research project. The proposal should examine how a particular aspect of culture plays out in the realm of marginalization and resistance. It should include a) introduction of the problem, (b) literature review, and (c) research questions you are going to ask.

3. Research Paper (40% = 400): After the development of an appropriate approach that fits the problem (in the proposal), students are required to design and implement a research project that enhances current understanding of culture, marginalization and resistance. The choice of topic must be relevant to the concept of culture. The end product is a high quality critical or synthesis paper that may be presented at a professional conference.

4. Final Examination (10% = 100): A take-home final will test your ability to compare, analyze, synthesize and apply the content discussed in class. The emphasis here will be on your ability to effectively criticize the current knowledge of cultural issues in the construction of health, disease, and medicine.

Academic Misconduct As a student in this course, it is assumed that you have read and imbibed the official position of Purdue University on matters of academic misconduct (see the University Regulations booklet). If misconduct occurs in the context of this course, it will be handled according to the procedures specified in the University Regulations booklet.

Course Policies Late assignments will not be accepted except in case of documented emergency situations. The student is responsible to contact me and make other arrangements in case of an emergency. This is a graduate class and a key indicator of your performance is your ability to maintain and manage deadlines.

Required Texts

Chatterjee, P. (1993). The nation and its fragments: Colonial and postcolonial histories.

Fannon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth.

Guha, R. (2003). A Subaltern Studies Reader.

I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Course Readings

The readings are divided into two components. The first Volume of readings provides the foundation to culture and marginalization. The second Volume of readings provides substantive insights into the intersections of resistance and culture.

Preparation Week: Introductions

Basics of critical theory Conducting literature reviews Writing academic papers

Week One: Foundations of Subaltern Studies

Beverly, J. (2004). Subalternity and representation. (pp. 1-64).

Bhadra, G. (2001). The mentality of subalternity: Kantanama or Rajdharma. In Guha, R (Ed.), A Subaltern Studies Reader.

Chakraborty, D. (1997). Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: Who speaks for Indian pasts? In Guha, R (Ed.), A Subaltern Studies Reader.

Fannon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth.

Guha R. (1988). On some aspects of the historiography of colonial India. In R. Guha & G. Spivak (Eds.), Selected Subaltern Studies. Guha, R. (2001). Subaltern studies: Projects of our time and their convergence. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Week Two: Power and Culture

Haynes, D., & Prakash, G. (1991). Introduction: The entanglement of power and resistance. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia.

Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. (1972). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. In M. Horkheimer & T. Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum.

Adorno, T., & Rabinbach, G. (1975). Culture Industry Reconsidered. New German Critique, 6, pp. 12-19.

Kernohan, A. (1989). Social Power and Human Agency. The Journal of Philosophy, 86, pp. 712-726.

Gunn, S. (2006). From hegemony to governmentality: Changing conceptions of power in social history. Journal of Social History, 39, p. 705 (17 pages).

Greenhouse, C. (2005). Hegemony and Hidden Transcripts: The Discursive Arts of Neoliberal Legitimation. American Anthropologist, 107, p. 356 (13 pages).

Leslie A. White. (1959). The Concept of Culture. American Anthropologist , pp. 227- 251.

Robert Bierstedt. (1938). The Meanings of Culture. Philosophy of Science, 5, pp. 204-216.

William I Robinson. (2005). Global Capitalism: The New Transnationalism and the Folly of Conventional Thinking. Science & Society, 69, p. 316 (13 pages).

Week Three: Theories of Culture, Communication and Structure

Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1976). The ruling class and the ruling ideas. In K. Marx & F. Engels, Collected Works, Vol. 5 (pp. 59-62). New York: International Publishers. 10

Horkheimer, M. (1937/1976). Traditional and critical theory. In P. Connerton (Ed.), Critical sociology (pp. 206-224). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. Williams, R. (1980). Base and superstructure in Marxist cultural theory. In R. Williams, Problems in Materialism and Culture: Selected Essays (pp. 31-49). London: Verso and NLB. 19

Foucault, M. (1984). The great confinement. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). The birth of the asylum. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). The body of the condemned. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). Docile bodies. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). The means of correct training. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). Panopticism. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). Complete and austere institutions. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). Illegalities and delinquency. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). The carceral. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Foucault, M. (1984). Space, knowledge, and power. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault Reader.

Week Four: Nation as structure

Chatterjee, P. (1993). The nation and its fragments: Colonial and postcolonial histories.

Pandey, G. (1988). Peasant revolt and Indian nationalism: The peasant movement in Awadh, 1919-22. In R. Guha & G. Spivak (Eds.), Selected Subaltern Studies.

Carr, R. (2001). From glory to menace II society. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Clark, M. (2001). Twenty preliminary positions for a critical history of international statecraft in Haiti. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. Williams, G. (2001). Death in the Andes: Ungovernability and the birth of tragedy in Peru. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Javier, S. (2001). Outside in and inside out: Visualizing society in Bolovia. Subaltern studies: Projects of our time and their convergence. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Week Five: Culture, Structure and Modernity

Beverly, J. (2004). Subalternity and representation. (pp. 64-133).

Chakrabarty, D. (1988). Conditions for knowledge of working-class conditions: Employers, government and the jute workers of Calcutta, 1890-1940. In R. Guha & G. Spivak (Eds.), Selected subaltern studies (pp. 179-230). New York: Oxford University Press.

Dirlik, A. (1999). Is There History after Eurocentrism?: Globalism, Postcolonialism, and the Disavowal of History. Cultural Critique, 42, pp. 1-34.

Dirlik, A. (1994). The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism. Critical Inquiry, 20, pp. 328-356.

Basu, A., & Dutta, M. (in process). Participatory change in a campaign led by sex workers: Connecting Resistance to Action-Oriented Agency.

Beckles, H. (1997). Capitalism, Slavery and Caribbean Modernity. Callaloo, 20, pp. 777-789.

Maghan Keita. (2002). Race, the Writing of History, and Culture Wars. Journal of Black Studies, 33, pp. 166-178.

Week Six: Culture, Structure, and Indigenous Peoples

Beverly, J. (2004). Testimonio: On the politics of truth. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Zimmerman, M. (2001). Rigoberta Menchu after the Nobel: From militant narrative to postmodern politics. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Seed, P. (2001). No perfect world: Aboriginal communities’ contemporary resource rights. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Castro-Klaren, S. (2001). Historiography on the ground: The Toledo Circle and Guaman Poma. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. Week Seven: Culture and Resistance

Schiele, J. H. (2002). Mutations of Eurocentric domination and their implications for African resistance. Journal of Black Studies, 32, 439-463.

Ranger, T. O. (1968). Connexions between primary resistance movements and modern mass nationalism in East and Central Africa. The Journal of African History, 9, 631-641.

Metz, S. (1986). The Mozambique national resistance and South African foreign policy, 85, 491-507.

Suguru, Y. (1975). The peasant movement in Hunan. Modern China, 1, 204-238.

Joseph, G. M. (1990). On the trail of Latin American bandits: A reexamination of peasant resistance. Latin American Research Review, 25, 7-53.

Archetti, E., Fossum, E., & Reinton, P. (1970). Agrarian structure and peasant autonomy. Journal of Peace Research, 7, 185-195.

Joseph, G. M. (1991). Resocializing Latin American banditry: A reply. Latin American Research Review, 26, 161-174.

Anderson, L. (1990). Alternative action in Costa Rica: Peasants as positive participants. Journal of Latin American Studies, 22, 89-113.

Stephan, B. (2001). The teaching machine for the wild citizen. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Rodriguez, I. (2001). Apprenticeship as citizenship and governability. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Stephenson, M. (2001). The architectural relationship between gender, race, and the Bolivian state. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Bergman, M., & Szurmuk, M. (2001). Gender, citizenship and social protest: The new social movements in Argentina. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Saldana-Portillo, J. (2001). Who’s the Indian in Aztlan? Re-writing Mestizaje, Indianism, and Chicanismo from the Lacandon. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader.

Mignolo, W. (2001). Coloniality of power and subalternity. In I. Rodriguez (Ed), The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. Week Eight: Meaning and resistance

Chandavarkar, R. (2000). The making of the working class: E.P. Thompson and Indian history. In V. Chaturvedi (Ed.), Mapping subaltern studies and postcolonial. London: Verso Books, New Left Review.

Kahn, J. S. (1985). Peasant ideologies in the Third World. Annual Review of Anthropology, 14, 49-75.

Thaxton, R. (1977). The world turned downside up: Three orders of meaning in the peasants’ traditional political world. Modern China, 3, 185-228.

Chatterjee, P. (1986). The colonial state and peasant resistance in Bengal 1920-1947. Past and present, 110, 169-204.

Lichbach, M. (1994). What makes rational peasants revolutionary?: Dilemma, paradox, and irony in peasant collective action. World Politics, 46, 383-418.

Guha, R. (1997). Chandra’s death. In Guha, R. (2003). A Subaltern Studies Reader.

Hardiman, D. (1997). Origins and transformations of the Devi. Guha, R. (2003). A Subaltern Studies Reader.

Prakash, G. (1991). Becoming a Bhuinya: Oral traditions and contested domination in Eastern India. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia.

Rogers, J. D. (1991). Cultural and social resistance: Gambling in colonial Sri Lanka. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia.

Week Nine: Micro-practices of Resistance

Riessman, C. K. (2000). Stigma and Everyday Resistance Practices: Childless Women in South India . Gender and Society, 14, pp. 111-135.

Mumby, D. (1997). The problem of hegemony: Rereading Gramsci for organizational communication studies. Western Journal of Communication, 61, 343- 375.

K Sivaramakrishnan. (2005). Some Intellectual Genealogies for the Concept of Everyday Resistance. American Anthropologist, 107, p. 346 (10 pages).

Oldenburg, V. (1991). Lifestyle as resistance: The case of the courtesans of Lucknow. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia. Dirks, N. (1991). Ritual and resistance: Subversion as a social fact. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia.

O’Hanlon, R. (1991). Issues of Widowhood: Gender and resistance in colonial Western India. In D. Haynes & G. Prakash (Eds.), Contesting power: Resistance and everyday social relations in South Asia.

Week Ten: Culture and Organizing for Resistance

Markowitz, L. (1998). After the organizing ends: Workers, self-efficacy, and union frameworks. Social Problems, 45, 356-382.

Skinner, G. W. (1951). Peasant organization in rural China. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 277, 89-100.

Sabl, A. (2002). Community organizing as Tocquvillean politics: The art, practices and ethos of association. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 1-19.

Fairhurst, G. T., & Putnam, L. (2004). Organizations as Discursive Constructions. Communication Theory, 14, 5-26.

Week Eleven: Culture, Civil Society and Subalternity

Dutta-Bergman, M. (2005). Civil society and communication: Not so civil after all. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17, 267-289.

Squires, C. R. (2002). Rethinking the Black Public Sphere: An Alternative Vocabulary for Multiple Public Spheres. Communication Theory, 12, 446-468.

Somers, M. R. (1995). What's Political or Cultural about Political Culture and the Public Sphere: Toward a Historical Sociology of Concept Formation. Sociological Theory, 13, 113-144.

Woods, D. (1992). Civil society in Europe and Africa: Limiting state power through a public sphere. African Studies Review, 35, 77-100.

Zoller, H. M. (2000). A place you haven't visited before": Creating the conditions for community dialogue. The Southern Communication Journal, 65, 191 (17 pages).

Geyer, M. (1992). Resistance as Ongoing Project: Visions of Order, Obligations to Strangers, Struggles for Civil Society. The Journal of Modern History, 64, pp. S217- S241. Asen, R. (2000). Seeking the "Counter," in Counterpublics. Communication Theory, 10, 424-446.

Week Twelve: Globalization, Public Sphere, & Resistance

Habermas, J. (1989). Social structures of the public sphere. In J. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the public sphere.

Habermas, J. (1989). The social structural transformation of the public sphere. In J. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the public sphere.

Habermas, J. (1989). The bourgeois public sphere: Idea and ideology. In J. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the public sphere.

Dutta, M., & Pal, M. (in press). The Internet as a site of resistance: the case of the Narmada Bachao Andolan. In S. Duhe (Ed.) New media and public relations. New York: Peter Lang.

Tran, A. (2005). Sewing for the global economy: Thread of resistance in Vietnamese textile and garment industries. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Appelbaum, R. P. (2005). Fighting sweatshops: Problems of enforcing global labor standards. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Harvey, D. (2005). From globalization to the new imperialism. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Grosfoguel, R. (2005). The implications of subaltern epistemologies for global capitalism: Transmodernity, border thinking and global Coloniality. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Bhavnani, K., Foran, J., & Talcott, M. (2005). The red, the green, the black, and the purple: Reclaiming development, resisting globalization. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Smith, D. A. Neoliberal globalization and resistance: A retrospective look at the East Asian crisis. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Transnational feminism and globalization: Bridging Third World women’s voices from the margin to the center. In R. P. Appelbaum & W. I. Robinson (Eds.), Critical Globalization Studies.

Week Thirteen: Communication, Academy, & Activism: Points of Praxis Boyd, Richard. Compromising Positions: Or, the Unhappy Transformations Of a "Transformative Intellectual". Communication Theory, 9, 377-401.

Brenda J Allen, Mark P. Orbe, Margarita Refugia Olivas. (1999). The Complexity of Our Tears: Dis/enchantment and (In)Difference In the Academy. Communication Theory, 9, 402-429.

Ronald L. Jackson II. (2000). So Real Illusions of Black Intellectualism: Exploring Race, Roles, and Gender in the Academy. Communication Theory, 10, 48-63.

Zoller, H. M. Health Activism: Communication Theory and Action for Social Change. Communication Theory, 15, 341-364.