Important Terms

STUDY GUIDE POSTWAR AMERICA Chapter 21

Important Terms: Sputnik Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO Warsaw Pact Berlin Airlift Nuclear Arms Race Hydrogen Bomb Massive retaliation M.A.D. Deterrent Korean War DMZ Truman/McArthur Controversy John Foster Dulles Brinksmanship Blacklist Eisenhower Doctrine Space Race HUAC Project Venona Korean War Mao Zedong McCarthyism Containment Loyalty Review Boards The Rosenbergs GI Bill Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Iron Curtain United Nations

Immediately after WWII, the relationship between the US and the USSR became strained because: a) the US used military force in Korea b) the US blocked the USSR from joining the UN c) each country believed that the other was a threat d) Both nations were competing for supremacy in space.

During the Cold War, the US and the USSR a) broke all diplomatic ties b) refused to trade with each other c) formed competing military alliances d) clashed over control of the Mediterranean

Pgs. 654 – 658

1. What was the “cold war”? 2. What are the ideological differences between the US and the Communist countries of the Cold War?

3. What were the goals of Soviet policy in Europe?

4. What were the American economic concerns following the war?

5. What was the disagreement about between the US and USSR about Poland at the Yalta conference? How was it resolved?

6. What did the US want to do to Germany after the war?

7. What did the Soviet Union want to do to Germany after the war?

8. What eventually happened in Germany after the war?

9. What did Truman want from the Soviets at the Potsdam Conference?

10. Did Truman tell Stalin about the Atomic Bomb?

11. What was the “Iron Curtain”?

12. What are satellite nations?

Pgs. 659 – 665 The Truman Doctrine was originally intended to a) Stop the use of nuclear weapons b) Contain Communism by giving aid to Greece and Turkey c) Use the United Nations as a tool to eliminate posed by the Soviet Union d) Rebuild Korea by extending economic aid

Which is the best explanation for US involvement in the Korean War? a) Truman wanted to unify Korea into one nation b) MacArthur had a plan to overthrow China c) Americans felt Korea was beyond the boundaries of the Containment Policy d) American leaders felt it was important to resist Communist aggression 1. What was the Long Telegram? Who wrote it?

2. What does “containment” mean?

2. What was the Truman Doctrine? What was the original purpose of the Truman Doctrine?

3. What was the Marshall Plan?

4. What caused the Russians to blockade Berlin in 1948? How did the West respond?

5. What is NATO? What was the primary goal of NATO?

6. Where did the conflict between West and East break out in Asia?

7. Why was it called the UN’s first war?

8. What caused the Korean War to become a possible nuclear war?

9. What was the Inchon Landing? What was the result?

10. Why did the Chinese enter the Korean War?

11. Who led the Communist Revolution in China? Who was head of the Nationalist Chinese that opposed the Communists?

12. Why did Truman fire McArthur?

13. What is the DMZ of Korea?

Pgs. 668 – 674

Which statement best describes the primary focus of the House Un- American Activities Committee in the 1950’s? a) To prevent the admission of China to the UN b) To prevent the integration of different racial groups c) To investigate those accused of disloyalty to the US d) To place quotas on the number of immigrants to the US Which statement best summarizes the primary goal of NATO? a) to bring greater equality to the economies of Europe b) to halt the spread of Communist aggression in Asia c) to aid those trying to flee Communist oppression in Europe d) To unite Western Europe in response to the threat of Communist aggression.

1. Was there any solid evidence of Soviet espionage?

2. What caused the Red Scare?

3. What was the Loyalty Review Program?

4. Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

5. Who was Joe McCarthy and why did he become famous? Why did he fall from power?

6. What role did the FBI play in the McCarthy era?

7. How effective was Joe McCarthy at rooting out Communists in the US government?

8. What ended the McCarthy era?

9. What was Project Verona?

10. What was the McCarran Act?

11. What were “fallout shelters” and why did they become so popular?

Pgs. 675 – 679

Effects of the launching of Sputnik included A) Protests about excessive government spending B) The growth of the antiwar movement C) A loss of credibility for the scientists of the Soviet Union D) Tax cuts that were meant to stimulate a faltering economy E) Calls for more funding for science education in America

Eisenhower's secretary of state, John Foster Dulles A) Continued to support the Truman administration's containment policy B) announced anew policy of "massive retaliation," threatening the use of nuclear weapons To counter communist aggression C) Did not want the United States to become involved in foreign alliances D) Proposed a series of summit meetings between Eisenhower and Soviet leaders to Improve relations between the two nations E) Supported a return to traditional isolationism rather than internationalism

1. Who was elected president in 1952?

2. Who was the Secretary of State?

2. What was Sputnik? What effect did the launching of Sputnik have in the US?

3. What is Brinkmanship? Why was it used?

4. What caused the Suez Crisis? Why did Eisenhower not support the French and the British?

5. Why was the CIA formed and how did Eisenhower use it to stop Communism?