BI 200 - Exam #1A Name Spring 2003 Lab Section. Seat#

Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Questions are 1 point each unless indicated.

Multiple choice - 2 points each.

1. Viruses that attack bacteria are known as A) bacterial consumers. B) bacteriophages. C) microphages. D) viroids.

2. The presence of membrane-enclosed organelles is a characteristic of A) prokaryotic cells. B) eukaryotic cells. C) all cells. D) viruses.

3. Which of the following are made up of prokaryotic cells? A) bacteria and fungi B) Archaea and fungi C) protozoa and animals D) bacteria and Archaea

4. Disease-causing prokaryotes are found exclusively among the A) Archaea. B) bacteria. C) fungi. D) viruses.

5. Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are A) Archaea. B) bacteria. C) fungi. D) viruses.

6. Which statement is true? A) Yeasts are fungi while molds are algae. B) Yeasts are bacteria while molds are fungi. C) Both yeasts and molds are prokaryotes. D) Both yeasts and molds are fungi.

7. Permanent changes in cellular characteristics are the result of A) chemical signaling B) reproductive initiative. C) evolution. D) none of the above

8. Catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are called A) catalytic converters. B) growth agents. C) evolutionary molecules. D) enzymes. BI 200 - Exam #1B Name Spring 2003 Lab Section. Seat#

Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Questions are 1 point each unless indicated.

Multiple choice - 2 points each.

1. Viruses that attack bacteria are known as A) bacterial consumers. B) bacteriophages. C) microphages. D) viroids.

2. The lack of membrane-enclosed organelles is a characteristic of A) prokaryotic cells. B) eukaryotic cells. C) all cells. D) viruses.

3. Which of the following are made up of prokaryotic cells? A) bacteria and Archaea B) Archaea and fungi C) protozoa and animals D) bacteria and fungi

4. Disease-causing prokaryotes are found exclusively among the A) Archaea. B) bacteria. C) fungi. D) viruses.

5. Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are A) Archaea. B) bacteria. C) fungi. D) viruses.

6. Which statement is true? A) Yeasts are fungi while molds are algae. B) Yeasts are bacteria while molds are fungi. C) Both yeasts and molds are prokaryotes. D) Both yeasts and molds are fungi.

7. Permanent changes in cellular characteristics are the result of A) chemical signaling B) reproductive initiative. C) evolution. D) none of the above

8. Catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are called A) catalytic converters. B) growth agents. C) enzymes. D) evolutionary molecules 9. Which of the following is / are characteristic of cellular organisms? A) metabolism B) reproduction C) growth D) all of the above

10. Chemolithotrophy involves the A) oxidation of organic compounds. B) oxidation of inorganic compounds. C) reduction of organic compounds. D) metabolic autotrophy.

11. Based on our present understanding, which statement is probably true? A) Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a Eukarya ancestor. B) Bacteria and Eukarya evolved from an Archaean ancestor. C) Bacteria and Eukarya evolved from one line; Archaea had a totally different ancestor. D) Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya all diverged from a common universal ancestor.

12. RNA polymerase is responsible for:

A) translation B) DNA replication C) transcription D) all of the above E) none of the above

13. Koch’s most famous work was with A) E. coli, Bacillus anthracis. B) Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. C) Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. D) Bacillus subtilis, E. coli

14. A pure culture A) is sterile. B) has only one type of organism growing in or on it. C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium. D) was cultured for a certified stock culture.

15. Hydrogen bonding is important in all of the following except:

A) secondary protein structure. B) base pairing between DNA strands C) membrane structure D) none of the above - it is involved in each case 16. A covalent bond occurs when A) atoms share electrons B) oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another C) similarly charged ions are attracted to one another D) dipoles are attracted to one another

17. Lactose enters E. coli via

A) group translocation B) the phosphotransferase system C) a proton symporter called a permease D) facilitated diffusion

18. The cell wall is A) interior to the cytoplasmic membrane. B) exterior to the cytoplasmic membrane. C) a part of the cell membrane. D) the same thing as the cytoplasmic membrane.

19. Which is not true about the peptide interbridge structures of peptidoglycan?

A) formation is prevented by lysozyme B) Gram positives like Staphylococcus aureus contain pentaglycine interbridges C) meso-diaminopimelic acid is present D) rare D-amino acids are present E) none of the above, all are true.

20. Gram positive bacteria

A) have a thick cell wall that is exposed to the environment. B) have a thick cell wall that is covered by the outer membrane C) have cell walls that contain the pyrogen lipopolysaccharide D) have cell walls that are flexible but excellent chemical barriers Match the scientist with their contribution to Microbiology. 9 points

_____ Koch A. Emphasized hygiene to control contagions

_____ Pasteur B. Isolated many soil and aquatic microorganisms.

_____Lister C. Study of hot springs bacteria led to DNA fingerprinting (PCR)

_____ Woese D. Led the sequencing of the human genome

_____ Beijerinck E. Organic chemist who studied fermentation and food spoilage

_____Winogradsky F. First to make detailed observation of microbes

_____ Brock G. Developed the concept of lithotrophy

_____ van Leuuwenhoek H. Developed pure culture technique

_____ Venter I. Discovery of archaea Match the scientist with their contribution to Microbiology. 9 points

_____ Koch A. Developed pure culture technique

_____ Pasteur B. Isolated many soil and aquatic microorganisms.

_____Lister C. Study of hot springs bacteria led to DNA fingerprinting (PCR)

_____ Woese D. Emphasized hygiene to control contagions

_____ Beijerinck E. Organic chemist who studied fermentation and food spoilage

_____Winogradsky F. First to make detailed observation of microbes

_____ Brock G. Developed the concept of lithotrophy

_____ van Leuuwenhoek H. Led the sequencing of the human genome

_____ Venter I. Discovery of archaea Complete the following narrative by circling the appropriate term in each parenthesis so that each sentence is accurate.

The cell or cytoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane composed of phospholipids. It is a(n) (excellent, poor) chemical barrier that is (flexible, rigid).

Molecules that pass through are relatively (small, large) and are (non-polar, polar, ionic). (Diffusion, transport) is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration and this (does, does not) require the expenditure of energy. Osmosis is defined as the movement of (any molecule, water) across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of (high, low) concentration to (high, low) concentration.

Sometimes a protein gate is required to allow entry of a molecule such as (maltose, glucose, glycerol) by the process of (passive, facilitated) diffusion. Sources of energy

for transport include (sunlight, glucose, ATP), (H+, ΔG, F=ma), or phosphoenol pyruvate. When a molecule is chemically modified as it enters this is known as (uniport, group translocation, ABC transport) and (maltose, glucose, glycerol) is an example of such a solute that enters in this way. What are the four steps or tests a microbe must pass in order for it to be shown to cause a disease? (What are Koch’s postulates?) 4 points

1.

2.

3.

4.

Draw the dehydration reaction between two amino acids. First draw each amino acid and indicate the carboxyl group and the amine group on one of them. Indicate the variable part of each amino acid with R1 for the first amino acid, and R2 for the second. Then draw the resulting dipeptide and indicate the peptide bond. What molecules are removed (what is the other product of the reaction) and what word is used to describe this type of reaction? 6 points Fill in the blank/Short answer/Circle the correct word. 2 points each

What is the size range of viruses in m?

Name the three types of cellular organisms that arose from the universal ancestor or progenote?

Who discovered lysozyme and penicillin?

Draw the structure of water and indicate the + and - regions.

Which amino acid forms disulfide bridges?

Give the name of the cell wall material in fungi, the name of the monomer it is composed of, and the designation of the bonding arrangement.

In archaea the hydrophobic portion of the lipids are branched molecules called (sterols, phytanyls), which are made of (sterol, isoprene) subunits.

Eukaryotic cells have (linear, circular) chromosomes that are composed of (single- stranded, double-stranded) DNA.

How many base pairs in the E. coli chromosome? Fill in the blank/Short answer/Circle the correct word. 2 points each

What is the size range of viruses in m?

Name the three types of cellular organisms that arose from the universal ancestor or progenote?

Who discovered lysozyme and penicillin?

Draw the structure of water and indicate the + and - regions.

Which amino acid forms disulfide bridges?

Give the name of the cell wall material in algae, the name of the monomer it is composed of, and the designation of the bonding arrangement.

In archaea the hydrophobic portion of the lipids are branched molecules called (sterols, phytanyls), which are made of (sterol, isoprene) subunits.

Prokaryotic cells have (linear, circular) chromosomes that are composed of (single- stranded, double-stranded) DNA.

How many genes in the E. coli chromosome?