Plant Species of the Brightleaf Tract

PLANT SPECIES OF THE BRIGHTLEAF TRACT TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS

William R. Carr Texas Natural Heritage Program 19 November 1995 Draft

This incomplete list is based on field surveys conducted on 10 December 1994, 10 March 1995, 22 March 1995, 27 March 1995, 13 April 1995, 24 April 1995, 11 May 1995, 15 May 1995, 11 July 1995, 17 July 1995, 11 August 1995, 25 September 1995, 6 October 1995, and 10 November 1995. Nomenclature for the most part follows Johnston (1990); synonymy from Correll & Johnston (1970) is provided in parentheses. Nomenclature of grasses follows Hatch, Gandhi and Brown (1990); nomenclature of cacti follows Benson (1982); and nomenclature of ferns and fern allies follows Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993). Common names follow Hatch, Gandhi and Brown (1990), Enquist (1987) or Lynch (1981). Plant species endemic to Texas are highlighted. Non-native (introduced) species are followed by an asterisk (*).

FERNS AND FERN ALLIES

PTERIDACEAE MAIDENHAIR-FERN FAMILY Adiantum capillus-veneris maidenhair fern Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama lipfern Cheilanthes horridula warty lipfern Pellaea atropurpurea purple cliffbrake

THELYPTERIDACEAE MARSH-FERN FAMILY Thelypteris ovata var. lindheimeri (T. kunthii) Lindheimer's shieldfern

CONIFERS

CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Juniperus ashei Ashe juniper, cedar

FLOWERING PLANTS

ACANTHACEAE ACANTHUS FAMILY Dyschoriste linearis snake-herb Justicia americana American water-willow Ruellia humilis low wild-petunia Ruellia nudiflora common wild-petunia Ruellia sp. (R. brittoniana*?) garden ruellia

AGAVACEAE AGAVE FAMILY Nolina lindheimeri devil's shoestring Nolina texana sacahuista Yucca rupicola twistleaf yucca

1 AMARYLLIDACEAE AMARYLLIS FAMILY Cooperia drummondii Drummond rain-lily

ANACARDIACEAE SUMAC FAMILY Rhus lanceolata flameleaf sumac Rhus toxicodendron ssp. eximia poison ivy Rhus toxicodendron ssp. vulgaris poison ivy Rhus trilobata var. trilobata fragrant sumac (R. aromatica var. flabelliformis) Rhus virens evergreen sumac

APIACEAE CARROT FAMILY Chaerophyllum tainturieri chervil Daucosma laciniatum meadow daucosma Sanicula canadensis snakeroot Spermolepis inermis smooth scaleseed Torilis arvensis* tall sockbane

APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY Amsonia ciliata bluestar Vinca major* periwinkle

AQUIFOLIACEAE HOLLY FAMILY Ilex decidua winterberry holly Ilex vomitoria yaupon

ARACEAE ARUM FAMILY Arisaema dracontium green dragon

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE BIRTHWORT FAMILY Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia pipevine

ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED FAMILY Asclepias asperula antelopehorn milkweed Asclepias texana Texas milkweed Asclepias viridiflora greenflower milkweed Cynanchum barbigerum bearded swallowwort Cynanchum unifarium twinevine Matelea reticulata pearl milkvine

ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) SUNFLOWER FAMILY Acmella oppositifolia var. repens creeping spotflower (Spilanthes americana) Acourtia runcinata (Perezia runcinata) wild peonia Ambrosia psilostachya western ragweed Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Aphanostephus skirrhobasis lazy daisy Aster texanus Texas aster

2 Aster sp. (A. lateriflorus?) aster Baccharis neglectus Roosevelt-weed Brickellia cylindracea brickellbush Chaetopappa bellidifolia least daisy Chaptalia texana (C. nutans var. texana) nodding lettuce Cosmos sulphureus* garden cosmos Engelmannia pinnatifida Engelmann daisy Erigeron modestus plains fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane Eupatorium coelestinum (Conoclinium coelestinum) purple mistflower Eupatorium havanense shrubby boneset Eupatorium rugosum white boneset Eupatorium serotinum late boneset Evax prolifera flathead rabbit-tobacco Gaillardia pulchella firewheels Gnaphalium obtusifolium tall cudweed Gutierrezia texana (Xanthocephalum texanum) Texas broomweed Helenium amarum var. amarum yellow sneezeweed Helenium elegans elegant sneezeweed Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian sunflower Hymenopappus scabiosaeus var. corymbosus old plainsman Hymenoxys linearifolia slenderstem bitterweed Hymenoxys scaposa stemless bitterweed Iva angustifolia narrowleaf sumpweed Iva annua eggleaf sumpweed Lactuca sp. (L. ludoviciana?) wild lettuce Liatris punctata (incl. L. mucronata) blazing-star Lindheimera texana Texas star Lygodesmia texana Texas skeletonplant Marshallia caespitosa Barbara's buttons Melampodium leucanthum blackfoot daisy Palafoxia callosa palafoxia Parthenium confertum false ragweed Pectis angustifolia licorice pectis Pinaropappus roseus var. mcvaughii white rock-lettuce Senecio obovatus golden groundsel Solidago altissima tall goldenrod Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod Solidago radula cat-tongue goldenrod Sonchus sp.* sow thistle Taraxacum officinale* dandelion Thelesperma filifolium slender greenthread Thelesperma simplicifolium Navajo tea Verbesina lindheimeri Lindheimer crownbeard Verbesina virginica frostweed, iceplant Vernonia lindheimeri silverleaf ironweed Viguiera dentata plateau goldeneye Wedelia hispida (Zexmenia hispida) hairy zexmenia

3 Youngia japonica* Japanese youngia

BERBERIDACEAE BARBERRY FAMILY Berberis trifoliolata agarito Nandina domestica* heavenly bamboo, nandina

BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY Lithospermum incisum fringed puccoon Onosmodium helleri Heller marbleseed

BRASSICACEAE MUSTARD FAMILY Arabis petiolaris Brazos rock-cress Capsella bursa-pastoris* shepherd's purse Lepidium austrinum hairy pepperweed Lepidium virginicum smooth pepperweed Lesquerella recurvata plateau bladderpod

CACTACEAE CACTUS FAMILY Coryphantha missouriensis (Mammillaria similis) Missouri nipplecactus Coryphantha sulcata (Mammillaria sulcata) nipplecactus Opuntia lindheimeri Lindheimer pricklypear

CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER FAMILY Triodanis coloradoensis western Venus' looking-glass Triodanis perfoliata Venus' looking-glass

CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Lonicera albiflora white bush-honeysuckle Lonicera japonica* Japanese honeysuckle Viburnum rufidulum rusty blackhaw

CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY Arenaria benthamii Bentham sandwort Cerastium glomeratum* tall chickweed Paronychia lindheimeri Lindheimer nailwort Stellaria media* chickweed

COMMELINACEAE SPIDERWORT FAMILY Commelina erecta var. erecta common dayflower Tinantia anomala (Commelinantia anomala) widow's tears, false dayflower Tradescantia edwardsiana plateau spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis glaucous spiderwort

CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING-GLORY FAMILY Ipomaea trichocarpa common morning-glory

CORNACEAE DOGWOOD FAMILY Cornus drummondii roughleaf dogwood

4 Garrya ovata ssp. lindheimeri (G. ovata) Lindheimer silktassel

CRASSULACEAE STONECROP FAMILY Sedum nuttallianum yellow stonecrop

CUCURBITACEAE MELON FAMILY Cucurbita foetidissima stinking gourd Ibervillea sp. globeberry Melothria pendula melonette

CUSCUTACEAE DODDER FAMILY Cuscuta sp. dodder

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY Carex amphibola amphibolous sedge Carex blanda white sedge Carex edwardsiana canyon sedge Carex microdonta smalltooth sedge Carex planostachys cedar sedge Carex sect. Phaestoglochin sedge Cyperus ochraceus umbrellasedge Eleocharis acutisquamata splitscale spikesedge Eleocharis montividensis perennial spikesedge

EBENACEAE EBONY FAMILY Diospyros texana Texas persimmon

EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY Acalypha lindheimeri Lindheimer copperleaf Argythamnia simulans tall wild-mercury Chamaesyce angusta (Euphorbia angusta) blackfoot spurge Chamaesyce fendleri (Euphorbia fendleri) Fendler spurge Chamaesyce nutans (Euphorbia nutans) nodding spurge Chamaesyce villifera (Euphorbia villifera) villous spurge Croton monanthogynus oneseed croton Euphorbia roemeriana (Tithymalus roemerianus) Roemer spurge Phyllanthus polygonoides knotweed leafflower Poinsettia cyathophora (Euphorbia cyathophora) narrowleaf poinsettia Poinsettia dentata (Euphorbia dentata) toothed spurge Sapium sebiferum* Chinese tallow Stillingia texana Texas queen's-delight Tragia brevispica climbing noseburn Tragia ramosa common noseburn

FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) PEA FAMILY Albizia julibrissin silktree mimosa Astragalus crassicarpus ground plum Astragalus nuttallianus Nuttall milkvetch

5 Cercis canadensis var. texensis Texas redbud Dalea frutescens black dalea Desmanthus velutinus velvet bundleflower Desmodium paniculatum tall tickseed Desmodium psilophyllum oneleaf tickseed Eysenhardtia texana Texas kidneywood Indigofera miniata var. leptosepala scarlet pea Lathyrus hirsutus* Singletary pea Lespedeza sp. (L. texana?) bush-clover Lupinus texensis Texas bluebonnets Medicago minima* least burclover Mimosa borealis fragrant mimosa Parkinsonia aculeata retama Pediomelum hypogaeum var. scaposum stemless scurfpea (Psoralea hypogaea var. scaposa) Pediomelum latestipulatum (Psoralea latestipulata) tall scurfpea Prosopis glandulosa honey mesquite Rhynchosia minima var. minima least snoutbean Rhynchosia senna var. texana (R. texana) Texas snoutbean Schrankia roemeriana Roemer sensitivebriar Senna lindheimeriana (Cassia lindheimeriana) Lindheimer senna Senna roemeriana (Cassia roemeriana) twoleaf senna Sophora affinis Eve's necklace Sophora secundiflora Texas mountainlaurel

FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY Quercus buckleyi (Q. texana) Texas oak Quercus fusiformis plateau live oak Quercus sinuata var. breviloba shin oak

GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY Centaurium sp. centaury

GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY Erodium cicutarium* filaree Erodium texanum Texas stork's-bill Geranium texanum Texas wild-geranium

HIPPOCASTANACEAE HORSECHESTNUT FAMILY Aesculus pavia var. pavia red buckeye

HYDROPHYLLACEAE WATERLEAF FAMILY Nemophila phacelioides blue-eyes Phacelia congesta bluecurls

IRIDACEAE IRIS FAMILY Nemastylis geminiflora twinflower Sisyrinchium scabrum (S. ensigerum) blue-eyed grass

6 JUGLANDACEAE WALNUT FAMILY Juglans major Arizona walnut Juglans microcarpa little walnut

JUNCACEAE RUSH FAMILY Juncus interior rush

KRAMERIACEAE RATANY FAMILY Krameria lanceolata trailing ratany

LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) MINT FAMILY Brazoria scutellarioides prairie brazoria Hedeoma acinoides false pennyroyal Hedeoma drummondii Drummond pennyroyal Salvia engelmannii Engelmann sage Salvia roemeriana cedar sage Scutellaria ovata eggleaf skullcap Scutellaria wrightii Wright skullcap Scutellaria sp. (Carr #14489) skullcap Stachys crenata shade betony Teucrium canadense American germander

LILIACEAE LILY FAMILY Allium canadense var. canadense Canada wild-onion Allium canadense var. fraseri Fraser wild-onion Allium drummondii Drummond wild-garlic Nothoscordum bivalve crow poison Schoenocaulon texanum Texas greenlily Smilax bona-nox common greenbriar Zigadenus nuttallii death camas

LINACEAE FLAX FAMILY Linum rupestre rock flax

LOGANIACEAE LOGANIA FAMILY Buddleja racemosa wand butterfly-bush

MALPIGHIACEAE MALPIGHIA FAMILY Galphimia angustifolia (Thyrallis angustifolia) narrowleaf thyrallis

MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY Abutilon fruticosum (A. incanum) Texas Indianmallow Callirhoe digitata winecups Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turk's cap mallow Sida abutifolia (S. filicaulis) creeping yellow sida

7 MELIACEAE MAHOGANY FAMILY Melia azedarach* Chinaberry

MENISPERMACEAE MOONSEED FAMILY Cocculus carolinus Carolina snailseed

MORACEAE MULBERRY FAMILY Maclura pomifera bois d'arc, Osage orange Morus microphylla littleleaf mulberry Morus sp. (M. alba*?) mulberry

NYCTAGINACEAE FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY Mirabilis albida (incl. M. dumetorum) rock four-o'clock

OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY Forestiera pubescens elbowbush Fraxinus pensylvanica red ash Fraxinus texensis Texas ash Ligustrum japonicum* waxleaf ligustrum Ligustrum sinense* Chinese ligustrum

ONAGRACEAE EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY Calylophus drummondianus sundrops Ludwigia palustris creeping water-primrose Oenothera missouriensis fluttermill Oenothera triloba stemless evening-primrose

ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY Hexalectris nitida Glass mountains coral-root Hexalectris spicata large coral-root Spiranthes cernua ladies'-tresses

OXALIDACEAE WOOD-SORREL FAMILY Oxalis dillenii yellow sour-clover Oxalis drummondii Drummond wood-sorrel

PASSIFLORACEAE PASSIONFLOWER FAMILY Passiflora affinis yellow passionflower Passiflora lutea yellow passionflower Passiflora tenuiloba slenderlobe passionflower

PHYTOLACCACEAE POKEWEED FAMILY Rivina humilis pigeonberry

PLANTAGINACEAE PLANTAIN FAMILY Plantago helleri Heller plantain Plantago rhodosperma redseed plantain Plantago wrightiana tallow-weed

8 PLATANACEAE PLANE-TREE FAMILY Platanus occidentalis sycamore

POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) GRASS FAMILY Andropogon glomeratus bushy bluestem Aristida purpurea purple threeawn Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica* King Ranch bluestem Bothriochloa saccharoides silver bluestem Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grama Bouteloua pectinata tall grama Bouteloua rigidiseta Texas grama Bouteloua trifida red grama Bromus japonicus* Japanese brome Bromus unioloides* rescue brome Catapodium rigidum* catapodium Chasmanthium latifolium creek oats Dichanthelium lindheimeri Lindheimer panicgrass Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum Scribner panicgrass Digitaria sp.* crabgrass Elymus canadensis Canada wildrye Elymus virginicus Virginia wildrye Eragrostis intermedia plains lovegrass Erioneuron pilosum hairy tridens Festuca arundinacea* (F. elatior) tall fescue Hordeum pusillum little barley Leptochloa dubia green sprangletop Leptoloma cognatum (Digitaria cognata) fall witchgrass Limnodea arkansana Ozarkgrass Lolium multiflorum* (L. perenne) English ryegrass Melica nitens shining melic Muhlenbergia reverchonii seep muhly Panicum hallii Hall panicgrass Paspalum pubiflorum hairyseed paspalum Paspalum setaceum thinleaf paspalum Poa annua* annual bluegrass Polypogon monspeliensis* rabbitfootgrass Schizachyrium scoparium var. frequens little bluestem Setaria geniculata knotroot bristlegrass Setaria scheelei southwestern bristlegrass Sorghum halepense* Johnsongrass Sporobolus asper var. asper tall dropseed Sporobolus asper var. drummondii meadow dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus poverty dropseed Stipa leucotricha Texas wintergrass, speargrass Tridens albescens white tridens Tridens buckleyanus Buckley tridens Tridens flavus purpletop

9 Tridens muticus var. muticus slim tridens

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY Gilia incisa cutleaf gilia Phlox roemeriana yellow-eye phlox

POLYGALACEAE MILKWORT FAMILY Polygala lindheimeri purple milkwort

PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY Dodecatheon meadia shooting-star Samolus parviflorus smallflower brook-primrose

RANUNCULACEAE BUTTERCUP FAMILY Anemone edwardsiana var. edwardsiana two-flower anemone Anemone berlandieri (A. heterophylla) ten-petal anemone

RHAMNACEAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY Colubrina texensis Texas colubrina Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina buckthorn

ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY Eriobotrya japonica* loquat Geum canadense white avens Photinia serrulata* redtip photinia Prunus caroliniana* laurel cherry Prunus mexicana Mexican plum Prunus persica* peach Prunus serotina ssp. eximia escarpment black cherry Pyracantha sp.* firethorn

RUBIACEAE MADDER FAMILY Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush Galium aparine clingon bedstraw Galium circaezans woods bedstraw Galium texense Texas bedstraw Galium virgatum wand bedstraw Hedyotis nigricans prairie bluets

RUTACEAE CITRUS FAMILY Ptelea trifoliata wafer ash

SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood Salix nigra black willow

SAPOTACEAE SAPODILLA FAMILY Bumelia lanuginosa gum bumelia

10 SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY Agalinis edwardsiana var. edwardsiana plateau gerardia Castilleja purpurea var. lindheimeri Lindheimer paintbrush Mecardonia vandellioides yellow mecardonia

SIMAROUBACEAE QUASSIA FAMILY Ailanthus altissima* tree-of-heaven

SOLANACEAE POTATO FAMILY Bouchetia erecta erect bouchetia Solanum elaeagnifolium silverleaf nightshade

STERCULIACEAE CACAO FAMILY Firmiana simplex Chinese parasol-tree

STYRACACEAE STORAX FAMILY Styrax platanifolius var. platanifolius sycamoreleaf snowbells

ULMACEAE ELM FAMILY Celtis reticulata netleaf hackberry Ulmus crassifolia cedar elm

URTICACEAE NETTLE FAMILY Parietaria pensylvanica (incl. P. obtusa) rock pellitory

VALERIANACEAE VALERIAN FAMILY Valerianella amarella hairy cornsalad

VERBENACEAE VERVAIN FAMILY Callicarpa americana American beautyberry Lantana montividensis* purple lantana Phyla nodiflora (incl. P. incisa) fogfruit Verbena bipinnatifida Dakota vervain Verbena brasiliensis Brazilian vervain Verbena canescens gray vervain

Verbena officinalis ssp. halei (V. halei) Texas vervain Vitex agnus-castus* chaste-bush

VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY Viola missouriensis Missouri violet

VITACEAE GRAPE FAMILY Ampelopsis arborea peppervine Parthenocissus heptaphylla sevenleaf creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Vitis berlandieri Spanish grape

11 Vitis mustangensis Mustang grape

SELECTED REFERENCES

Benson, L. 1982. The cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 1044 pp.

Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp.

Enquist, M. 1987. Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country. Lone Star Botanical, Austin. 275 pp.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York. 475 pp.

Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas. Texas A & M University Press, College Station. 653 pp.

Hatch, S. L., K. N. Gandhi, and L. E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A & M University, College Station. 158 pp.

Johnston, M. C. 1990. The vascular plants of Texas: a list, updating the manual of the vascular plants of Texas. 2nd edition. Privately published, Austin. 107 pp.

Lynch, D. L. 1981. Native and naturalized woody plants of Austin and the Hill Country. Acorn Press, Austin. 165 pp.

Vines, R. A. 1960. Trees, shrubs and woody vines of the southwest. The University of Texas Press, Austin. xii + 1104 pp.

Weniger, D. 1984. Cacti of Texas and neighboring states: a field guide. University of Texas Press, Austin. 356 pp.