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Chapter 3 GREEK HISTORY
Chapter 3 GREEK HISTORY The French Academician Michel Déon has written: "In Greece contemporary man, so often disoriented, discovers a quite incredible joy; he discovers his roots.” GREECE - HELLAS [Greeks] denoted the inhabitants of 700 or more city-states in the Greek peninsula The roots of much of the Western world lie in including Epirus, Macedonia, Thrace, Asia the civilizations of the ancient Greece and Minor, and many of the shores of the Rome. This chapter is intended to bring you Mediterranean and the Black Seas. small pieces of those rich roots of our Greek past. The objectives of this chapter are: first, Life in Greece first appeared on the Halkidiki to enrich our consciousness with those bits of Peninsula dated to the Middle Paleolithic era information and to build an awareness of what (50.000 B.C). Highly developed civilizations it means to be connected with the Greek past; appeared from about 3000 to 2000 B.C. and second, to relate those parts of Greek During the Neolithic period, important history that affected the migrations of the cultural centers developed, especially in Greeks during the last few centuries. Thessaly, Crete, Attica, Central Greece and Knowledge of migration patterns may prove the Peloponnesus. to be very valuable in your search for your ancestors. The famous Minoan advanced prehistoric culture of 2800-1100 B.C. appeared in Crete. We see more artistic development in the Bronze Age (2000 BC), during which Crete was the center of a splendid civilization. It was a mighty naval power, wealthy and powerful. Ruins of great palaces with beautiful paintings were found in Knossos, Phaistos, and Mallia. -
Europe Pendant L,A Seconde Péríode De La Réu Ol,Ution, Gr Ecque ( 7B2l -1829)
La Littérature et l,'Art Philhel,l,bnes en Europe pendant l,a seconde péríode de la Réu ol,ution, Gr ecque ( 7B2l -1829) Stét'anos Papadópoulos On n'ignore pas le fait que la libération de la Gréce et la création du premier état indépendant de la péninsule balcanique furent le résultat, non seulement d'une longue lutte et d'immenses sacrifices de la part du peuple grec, mais aussi, dans une certaine mesure, de I'intervention des Grandes Puissances européennes. L'attitude de ces Puissances, hostile enverc les Grecs pendant les premiéres années de la Révolution i cause des principes de la Sainte Alliance, se modifia peu á peu -non pas, bien sür, á l'una- nimité- sous la pression du courant philhelléne, de l'opinion pu- blique des peuples et de leur.s propres intéréts'. Ainsi les trois alliés, I Angleterre, la France et la Russie, finit par imposer á l'empire ottoman un état grec, autonome d'abord et indépendant par Ia suite. L'intérét que les Puissances ont porté á la solution de la ques- tion grecque se manifesta surtout aprés le début de 1826. D'une part le prolongement de la guerre qui infligeait des dégáts impor- tants au commerce européen de la Méditerranée orientale, et d'autre part l'accession au tróne du Tzar Nicolas I (décembre 1825), dont l'attitude á l'égard de la solution de ses différends avec l'empire ottoman et l'expansion du prestige russe au Moyen Orient a pam décisive dés ses premiéres déclarations', obli- 1 Voir Ed. -
“Heroes” in Neo-Hellenic Art (19Th – 20Th Centuries) the New National Models and Their Development Panagiota Papanikolaou International Hellenic University
Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2015, PP 249-256 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) www.arcjournals.org International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) “Heroes” in Neo-Hellenic Art (19th – 20th Centuries) the New National Models and their Development Panagiota Papanikolaou International Hellenic University “Pity the country that needs heroes.” Bertolt Brecht Abstract The outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 acted as a catalyst for the country and put in place the conditions for the occurrence of many new phenomena, such as the emergence of art, for example, which was influenced by Western mannerisms. This has been considered absolutely normal, because this is when the actual conditions for the development of art were met. The social, legal, moral and political conditions were completely overhauled and this enabled citizens to express themselves freely. (1) For Greeks, the Greek Revolution has been the great historical event out of which the new Greek state emerged. However, to achieve this, sacrifices and struggles have been necessary, which resulted in certain people standing out for their achievements, bringing back to the people’s memory the ancient myths about semi-gods and heroes as well as the saints of the Christian religion. The heroes and heroines of the new Hellenism leapt out of the Greek Revolution, lauded by poets and represented by artists. In general, there are many categories of “heroes”, as there are many definitions thereof. According to dictionaries, a “hero” is someone “who commits a valiant act, often to the point of sacrificing themselves”, a person who achieves something particularly difficult and who is admired by others. -
150 Jaar Griekse Onafhankelijkheid En Griekse Post (Deel 2)
150 jaar Griekse Onafhankelijkheid en Griekse Post (deel 2) In Hermes nr.152 ging het eerste artikel over de Griekse onafhankelijkheid en het begin van de Griekse post, voor zover vermeld op postzegels. De serie die hieraan gewijd was, betrof de zegels Vlastos 1150-1152 en de eerstedagenveloppen met enkele wetsteksten. Feitelijk vormde deze reeks het sluitstuk van vier eerdere series die in 1971 uitgegeven werden en die vooral facetten van de “Επαναστασις” (Revolutie), uitmondend in de onafhankelijkheid, behandelen. Die voorgaande vier series hebben betrekking op: A: De Kerk en de Revolutie. Uitgegeven 8 februari 1971; Vlastos 1127-1130. B: De Revolutie ter zee. Uitgegeven 15 maart 1971; Vlastos 1131-1136. C: Onderwijs en Revolutie. Uitgegeven 21 juni 1971; Vlastos 1141-1143. D: De Revolutie op het vasteland. Uitgegeven 21 september 1971 Vlastos 1144 -1149 A: De Kerk en de Revolutie: Vl.1127: Een Priester zegent opstandelingen, alvorens zij de strijd ingaan. Vl.1128: Standbeeld van patriarch Gregorius V, hoofd van de Grieks- Orthodoxe Kerk in Ottomaans gebied Hoewel hij aanvankelijk fel tegen de opstand was en de revolutionairen zelfs met excommunicatie dreigde, werd hij door het Ottomaanse bestuur als eerstverantwoordelijke beschouwd: op Paaszondag 1821 liet de sultan hem ophangen aan de ingang van de Agia Sophia in Istanbul. Vl.1129: De dood van Isaias, bisschop van Amphissa/Salona op het slagveld. Vl.1130: Bisschop Germanos, die op 25 maart 1821 de vlag van de Revolutie zegent, deze boven het Lavra- klooster in Kalavrita laat hijsen en daarmee het teken voor de opstand geeft. B: De Revolutie ter zee: Vl.1575: Karteria met boegbeeld. -
Greek-American Esqs Win Largest PI Verdict in History of NY State
S o C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news W ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of E ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek- Americans N c v a weekly Greek-american Publication www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 17, ISSUE 869 June 7-13, 2014 $1.50 Greek-American Esqs Ceremony Win Largest PI Verdict Celebrates In History of NY State Greek-Am’s By Constantine S. Sirigos percent of his body and under - Funding of TNH Staff Writer went more than 15 surgeries. Mallas told TNH much credit NEW YORK – New York’s top is also due to Bournazos and Bioethics court recently upheld the largest Matarangas, who fought for affirmed pain and suffering jury Peat from early 2004 and in verdict in state history: $16 mil - 2011 asked him to try the case Andreas Dracopoulos lion. which went to trial in June of Kostantinos Mallas of Geor - that year. “Some of the biggest Makes Directorship gaklis & Mallas PLLC tried the firms in the state rejected the case for which Steven Bourna - case, but they had the foresight Possible at Hopkins zos and Dennis Matarangas to see there was more to it.” were the attorneys of record. And they believed in Peat, According to a Georgaklis & whose dreams remain modest TNH Staff Mallas press release “On July 1, after the victory. “He’s not mar - 2003, the plaintiff, Christopher ried. He wants a family, but he BALTIMORE, MD – A stun - Peat, was refinishing a floor in is happy he can get up and get ningly solemn and touching cer - an apartment in the Fordham a glass of water and put his emony marked the establish - Hill complex. -
National Museums in Greece: History, Ideology, Narratives Andromache Gazi
Building National Museums in Europe 1750-2010. Conference proceedings from EuNaMus, European National Museums: Identity Politics, the Uses of the Past and the European Citizen, Bologna 28-30 April 2011. Peter Aronsson & Gabriella Elgenius (eds) EuNaMus Report No 1. Published by Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_home/index.en.aspx?issue=064 © The Author. National museums in Greece: History, Ideology, Narratives Andromache Gazi Summary Greek national identity has been moulded on a threefold historical scheme that was initially sketched in the second quarter of the nineteenth century and had been crystallized by the first decades of the twentieth century. This scheme evolved gradually according to changing political and ideological circumstances. The sense of identity was initially based on Greece’s affinity to classical antiquity that was exalted to a revered model. When this affinity was disputed, the - previously discarded - Byzantine heritage was reassessed and accepted as an integral part of national heritage while aspects of folk life started being studied in order to provide evidence of the unbroken continuity of the nation down the centuries. Thus, by the end of the nineteenth century Greeks could pride themselves for being the heirs of a famous classical heritage, an important Byzantine legacy, and of a living folk tradition some aspects of which - it was believed - might be traced back to antiquity. This ideological process had been consolidated by the 1920s and has since served as the backbone of national master narratives. National museums such as the National Archaeological Museum (henceforth NAM), the Byzantine and Christian Museum (henceforth BCM), the Museum of Greek Folk Culture (henceforth MGFA) and the National Historical Museum are entrenched in this scheme, support the master narrative and present the notion of an eternal Hellenic spirit that guides the nation through different historical periods. -
Through the Pen of Others: Nineteenth-Century Views of Revolutionary Greece”
SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 8-11 DECEMBER 2021 “Through the Pen of Others: Nineteenth-Century Views of Revolutionary Greece” Revolutionary Greece embodied humanist values for many foreigners throughout the 19th century, a time in which the ideals of independence, freedom, self- determination and solidarity were gaining ground in Europe. From the destruction of Souli in Epirus and the 1821 Revolution, to the Cretan Revolt and the 1897 Greco- Turkish war, the Greek struggle inspired many foreign writers, artists, musicians and playwrights and even generated fashion, influencing popular and material culture. The European and international press recorded and analysed the dramatic events, profiled the protagonists and shaped the perception of the Greek national cause, even as political opinion may have been sceptical or at times hostile. Greece became the place where imagination and politics met, a dreamlike and often contradictory land of revolution that defined the pen of others and their views of the central issues of the nineteenth century, such as freedom and bondage, revolution and colonialism, Empire and the Orient. The consolidation of the classical ideal, together with the movements of Romanticism and Philhellenism, shaped the image of revolutionary Greece as guarantor of its own and Europe’s enlightened past, which in turn clashed with its present reality. This conference aims to expand both our knowledge of the reception of revolutionary Greece in the nineteenth century and the ways in which it contributed to the formation of a national “character” and political and cultural stereotypes that may still be at play two centuries later. -
Evidently, Everything We See in Jesus I
«Λύχνος τοῖς ποσί μου ὁ νόμος σου καὶ ΛΥΧΝΟΣ φῶς ταῖς τρίβοις μου» A GREEK ORTHODOX PERIODICAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Ψαλμ 118, 105 Volume 36, Issue 4 JUNE - JULY 2021 fter rising from the dead, the Lord spent our faith is useless and we are the most pitiful A forty days with His disciples teaching of all people (1 Corinthians 15:13-19). them the deeper meanings of the resurrection, Evidently, everything we see in Jesus is a and giving them His final instructions before fulfilment of what each of us can expect in our gloriously ascending into heaven. While own lives. He died on the Cross and was ascending from the Mount of Olives, He buried, we also will die and be buried. He commissioned the Apostles to make disciples rose, and we too will be raised. He was of all the nations and commanded that they presented to the Father, as we will be baptise them in the name of the Holy Trinity. presented and kneel before Him. He Soaring into underwent trial heaven, Jesus and was presented His sentenced, and glorified human we all will be nature to the subject to Father and having judgement. fulfilled the divine Now the question Will in all things, for us is to what was enthroned at shall we His right hand. resurrect? Jesus Fulfilling the tells us that “those promise to send who have done the Holy Spirit, He good [will rise] to left one thing to the resurrection of be finished, being life, and those His second who have done coming, and the judgement of the living and evil to the resurrection of condemnation” (John the dead. -
Download/VERANSTALTUNGSDOKU/PAD
Construction of stories: The glorified and the silenced in 1980 and 2015 Greek history textbooks Vilelmini Tsagkaraki Department of Integrated Studies in Education Faculty of Education McGill University, Montreal 2016 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Vilelmini Tsagkaraki 2016 I dedicate my work to my father Panayiotis, from whom I learned the importance of combining knowledge with kindness. i Abstract This research project is situated in the Greek context, one defined by the continuous diversification of Greek society and the rise of extreme right political groups. Drawing from the theoretical frameworks of a critical approach to diversity, the disciplinary approach to history, the principles of historical thinking, and Ross Dunn’s three models of world history, this study compares two sets of textbooks: the 1980 and 2015 grades six, nine, and twelve Greek textbooks of modern history. The three research questions of this study trace the development of the textbooks’ epistemological stance, their thematic focus, and the narratives of non-Western peoples. Research findings show that the 2015 textbooks have made moderate steps toward introducing historical thinking and a disciplinary approach to history, elements that were absent in the 1980 textbooks. Regarding thematic focus, the 2015 textbooks’ titles indicate a turn to world history; however, similar to the 1980 textbooks, little attention is paid to history beyond Greece and Europe. Finally, despite the fact that 2015 textbooks provide a greater exposure to non-Western history, both the 1980 and 2015 textbooks lack multiperspectivity. The voices and stories of non-Westerners are mostly silenced. -
Meet-The-Heroes
M E E T T H E H E R O E S 1821 - 2021 The Study Rooms Special Edition for the anniversary of 200 years since the Greek Revolution of 1821. March 2021 "The mountains look on Marathon - And Marathon looks on the sea; And musing there an hour alone, I dream’d that Greece might still be free" GEORGE GORDON BYRON, LORD BYRON The Study Rooms Special Edition for the anniversary of 200 years since the Greek Revolution of 1821 March 2021 Not for commercial use Materials reproduced by kind permission of the National Historical Museum https://www.nhmuseum.gr/en/ “To erase a part from the past is like erasing an equal part from the future.” Georgios Seferis Note for students Do you think history is boring? That only adults are interested in historical facts? Or that it is only for the past? So how would you feel if you learned about a historic event through playmobil figures and accessories? Or if you discovered a historical figure through drawing? On the occasion of the "'21 otherwise" exhibition of the National History Museum, we wanted to introduce to you some of the protagonists of the time and, with the English language as a vehicle, to learn more about their lives. The texts and activities you will find here are just an opportunity for you to look for more, refer to other sources, do some research. Because History is not only the dates and events - it is, mainly, the people and the small and big moments of their lives.. -
Alpha Bank Celebrates the 200-Year Anniversary of the Greek Revolution with a Program of Commemorative Events
4 2021 • Issue 74 THE WORLD OF ALPHA BANK PROUD! Alpha Bank celebrates the 200-year anniversary of the Greek Revolution with a program of Commemorative Events Α . 3 . 4 . 6 . 7 . 1 . 8 . 10 Α . 11 4 2021 • Issue 74 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 16 CULTURE .. . 18 . 20 Editor: CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION Corporate Identity and Group Serial Publications Editing: Eleftheria Athanasopoulou . . 32 . 33 40, Stadiou Str. 102 52 ATHENS, GREECE . 34 . . .. ® . 35 ® . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . 41 . 42 . 43 Α 4 2021 • Issue 74 . 44 . 47 . 48 . 54 . 56 Editor: CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION Corporate Identity and Group Serial Publications .... 58 Editing: Eleftheria Athanasopoulou . 59 . 61 40, Stadiou Str. 102 52 ATHENS, GREECE . 63 . . .. THE BANK Alpha Bank turns over a new page pril 19, 2021 was the first day of operation of the New Alpha Bank, following the completion of the Bank’s Α demerger plan, which had been completed on April 16, 2021, by way of hive down of the banking business sector of Alpha Bank A.E. (the Demerged Entity) and its transfer to a newly incorporated 100% subsidiary of the company, which retains the corporate name “Alpha Bank Société Anonyme", and the distinctive title “Alpha Bank” and is a credit institution (“New Alpha Bank”). The demerger was another important milestone in the course of our Organization over the last few months, as it marked the starting point for the creation of a New Bank, which, drawing strength from its principles, takes a leading role in the process of change and recovery of the Greek economy and in supporting the development plans of its Customers. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Transnational Piracy in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1821-1897 a Dissertation Submitted in Part
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Transnational Piracy in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1821-1897 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Leonidas Mylonakis Committee in charge: Professor Thomas W. Gallant, Chair Professor Gary Fields Professor Mark Hanna Professor Hasan Kayalı Professor Michael Provence 2018 Copyright Leonidas Mylonakis, 2018 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Leonidas Mylonakis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego 2018 iii DEDICATION To Anna iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …………………………………………………………………………………... iii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ v List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………………… vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................