Volume XXVIII No. 4 April, 1973 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION Of JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

«»"' Freeden banned an exhibition of anti-Nazi posters. Winston Churchill was one of those who pro­ tested most outspokenly. Goebbels, in an interview with London's 40 YEARS SINCE BOYCOTT-DAY "Observer', said that "the German people were now prepared to let thc Jewish question Wjf "^^ historians say that the Second World ordered by the National Socialists be carried rest . . , unless they were again provoked by On i'^ "Ot start on September 3, 1939, but out, it would spell the ruin of hundreds of world Jewry". Nevertheless, the "Vblkischer 1. 1933, for the Nazis' declaration of thousands of German Jewish citizens and Beobachter" dated April 4, announced 15 boy­ tiijij"" ^Sainst German Jewry was in fact their expulsion from the German community. cott meetings all over Berlin, and Julius Oft .L °^claration of war against civilisation Thc German Jews have stood the test in war Streicher promised that all "Aryan" shops would receive signs to mark them as such. xodgf! other hand, there is a tendency to and peace, in times good and bad, have been "•en ^^^ ^^'^^ ^^y' forty years ago, when SA part cf that community and wish to remain Mussolini granted an audience to the then Je\j,j,P''e vented customers from entering so". Even the Right-wing "Deutsche All­ Chief Rabbi of Rome, Dr. Saccrdoti, who des­ itifi n(r^'^°^^' ''"^ ^ number of houses, stores gemeinc Zeitung" suggested that thc situation cribed to him thc plight of German Jewry. In dej^ . ^. '''^'cre demolished—what was this lye re-examined and hoped for a change of his answer, Mussolini "expressed confidence hoio "'''•'•ation •'^ compared with the heart. that those deplorable conditions would soon to bp ^^ that followed later? It turned out On Friday, the 30th of March, there was revert to normal". Dr. Benesh, at that time April tragedy of Europe that the 1st of indeed a change. In the evening, Gocbbels Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia, pleaded \\as underrated also in 1933. spoke over the radio. His broadcast was re­ for extending the protection of minorities to layed from a mass meeting of "Amitswalter" German Jews. American Jewry was roused ^the early months of that year. Hitler and deeply stirred. In New York, thc Voyi? cautiously. A pogrom at that time in which he gave the directives for the boy­ cott—interrupted by thundering applau.se. -American Jewish Congress convened a con­ cspg"cspep-] ,"''v"''Ve met with unfavourablunfavour e reactions, ference attended by 1,500 delegates re­ Couijl'ly abroad, which the new regime roaring laughter and the deafening shouting of "Heil". However, the change was drastic. presenting 600 Jewish organisations, which S?the Y,,!t , pf'ford. The Nazi„s wanted to prov, e to handed a mass petition to the U.S. Govern­ but n° ^^^^ they were no rabble rousers The official boycott, planned to be permanent, was confined to one day only, mainly for fear ment and the League of Nations to improve the ^^'^t-worthy and trust-worthy partners in the lot of German Jewry. "^ed ri ''^ of Western nations. What they of damage to the German economy. ^u Was moral and financial credit. Soon, however, public interest in German the ^'^'^coicile statesman-like behaviour with Uneasiness in Britain "domestic affairs"—as the dangerous phrase Wcf "^P^^t antiscmitism which their fo! ran—died down, and an abortive debate at '«rs the League of Nations in Geneva, on the On expected, the Government embarked No doubt to some major extent world reac­ "•oin Policy of gradually excluding the Jews tion, too, was responsible for this retreat. In violation of minority rights in Upper Silesia, Ijsjp I economic life, over a period which England, great uneasiness was displayed at remained for a long time to come the last sj^yl" n\e and a half years. When the Nazis both Houses of Parliament. Viscount Cecil attempt to di.scuss the Jewish position in Ger­ Jtm (T't the morale of the Jews was too high spoke in the House of Lords on March 30. many before an international forum. ''larip "^ rate of emigration too slow, they pointing out that Brilaiin, as holding the Man­ an'|ed their tactics, and in November, 1938, date over Palestine, was closely linked to the 'Say ''^^'ish communal, cultural and organ- Jewish people. Lord Hailsham. replying for CLAIMS AGAINST EAST GERMANY thifj'^^1 activities were stamped out. The the Government, denied that this Mandate 1942 '''^^^^i the "6nal solution", began in entitled Britain generally to intervene on In the House of Lords. Baroness Tweeds­ muir. Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, behalf of Jewish rights in foreign countrics. (Icall witii the attitude of the British Govern­ iHe^, April, 1933, Germany vvas still a Lord Reading, speaking as a member of the ment towards the admission of West and hel^oer of the League of Nations. At the Jewish community, appealed to the Govern­ East Germany to the United Nations and Vo '^^ the Reich stood President Hinden- ment to do everything possible to help thc towards thc recognition of East Germany as "ICQ ^^'^0, only eight months before, had persecuted Jewish minority in Germany, and a sovereign State. Lord Jaimer took the oppor­ Gof again re-stated the civic rights of he was forcefully supported by the Arch­ tunity to stress the need for the East Germans bishop of Canterbury, Lord Lang, and by to pay reparations in recognition of their nart the ,^" Jewry. No wonder that the organ of in the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi V f."^^*- Jewish organisation, the "C.V." Lord Iddeslei^^h, speaking for the Catholics. regime. He felt that the East Germans should ^ICM '"^^"^ German Jews are deeply con The array of the three denominations adopt tho policy of West Germany if they ":ed 511, that President Hindenburg will not which was repeated in the House of wanted to become part of the United Nations an attack on the constitutional rights Commons, evoked a noteworthy statement or any other international body. Agreeing Sroup of German citizens". from the then Foreign Secretary, Sir John that Lord Janner had raised an important In matter. Baroness Tweedsmuir said it was out­ "'iv course of the month of March, the Simon. The debate, he said, had expressed side the scope of the matter before thc House tirow "Machinery launched its first gigantic the general feeling of tho country. It would and she advised him to raise it again. ahf^^Sanda drive, alleging that the Jews be a fimdancntal error, if someone in some ^er^ ^''cre undermining the prestige of the country assumed that this feeling was At the Board of Deputies, Dr. S. J. Roth, "^itj " Government by propagating a boy- confined to member.^ of the Jewish com­ European director of the World Jewish Con- ^toH^"'''"st Germaay and spreading atrocity munity, or evoked by them. On the contrary, gress, expressed the hope that the Govern­ he declared, it was a spontaneous and in- ment would look sympathetically towards thj^ *;?• l^n mere "self-defence", to counter Jewish efforts to obtain restitution from East totj] threat", the new regime proclaimed a o'itable expression of thc principle of racial Germany for the victims of Nazism. Britain, Ml ooycott of German Jewry, once and for tolerance. he .said, could play an important role in the the commence on April 1. No other than Commander LocUcr-Lnrnpson. a Con­ matter, since she was now establishing diplo­ I'Stjj'^otorious Julius Sti-eicher, editor of the matic contact with East Germany and could, servative M.P., became chairman of a com­ therefore, convev the demands of former Ger­ ''Cg^^^r", was appointed chairman of the mittee which was to study the Jewish posi­ W-'ral Boycott Committee" ("Zentral- man refugees wishing to be compensated. "(1(11^*^ ^ur Abwehr der Jiidischen Greucl- tion in Germany. Mr. Attlee was among those who sent a message of encouragement to a The Council of Jews from Germany, _ Soykott-Hetze"). of which the AJR is the British constituent. protest meeting in London's East End on is actively associated with the present efforts sp^'l^^'c wore -still voices in Germany to April 1. Ton days later, there was a stormy of thc ma.ior Jewish organi.sations in this mat­ 'loei "P- "^^^ "Vossische Zeitung", Berlin, debate in tiie House of Commons because Sir ter. We shall keep our readers informed on lared: "Should the boycott which has been John Gilmour, then Home Secretary, had any further development. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION April, 19Ta

C. I. Kapralik Erreichung der Altersgrenze die Versicherten Anspruch auf zwei Sonderzahlungen (Mai und Oktobor) haben werden. Die Erhohung der Beitragsgrundlage wurde in Oesterreich aus WEITERES AUS DER OESTERREICfflSCHEN dem Kreise der freiwillig Versicherten wieder­ holt verlangt, da sie zu einer hoheren Pension SOZIALVERSICHERUNG fiJhrt.

Wir haben hereits in der vorigen Ausgabe zeiten, Arbeit im Gewerbebetrieb der Eltern Die Novelle schafft auch die Moglichkcit kurz iiber einige Bestimmungen der jiingst usw., Oder Tiitigkeit als Lehrer, Musiker etc., riickwirkend um Erhohung der Beitragsgrund­ erlassenen 29. Novelle zum ASVG berichtet. wiircn nachzubringen. Was insbesondere den lage fiir die Jahre 1969 bis 1972 zu cr.uchen, Nachweis iiber Mitarbeit im Betrieb der Eltem und zwar Wir veroffentlichen nunmehr einen umfas- fiir die am 31.12.1968 Weiterversicherten -senden Artikel iiber die Bestimmimgen der etc. anbetrifft, wiiren Ausziige aus dem Firmen-bezw. Gewerbcregistcr beizubringen, kann die Beitragsgrundlage fiir jene Monate Novelle soweit sie fiJr Opfer des Nazi-Regimes des Jahres 1969, fur die Beitriige entrichtet aus Oesterreich bedeutsam sind. Wir bitten aus dencn h'ervorgeht, dass die Eltern usw. wurden, auf Antrag bis auf S. 7.200 monat­ unsere Leser, ihre Freunde auf den Inhalt zum fraglichen Zeitpunkte einen Bctrieb hat­ lich erhoht werden, dieses Artikels, insbesondere abcr auf die zwei ten. Der Nachweis iiber die Tiitigkeit des itir die am 31.12.1969 Weiterversicherten letzten Absatze des Punktes I, aufmerksam Antragstellers wird durch eidesstattliche kann die Beitragsgrundlage fitr jene Mo­ zu machen. Erkliirung bezw. durch Zeugenaussagen zu nate des Jahres 1970, fiir die Beitriige fiihren sein. In Fiillen, in denen der oster­ entrichtet wurden, auf Antrag bis auf S. 7.650 I. reichische Hilfsfonds bereits die Mitarbeit im monatlich erhoht werden, (a) Bekanntlich galten nach bisherigem eitorlichen Betriebo als Grundlage fiir Berufs- fiir die am 31.12.1970 Weiterversicherten Recht als Ersatzzeiten in dcr Sozialvcrsichc- ontschadigung anerkannt hat, wiire auf den kann die Beitragsgrundlage fiir jene Mo­ rung die Zeiten, in doncn nach Vollendung des .^kt des Hilfsfonds zu verweisen. nate des Jahres 1971, fiir die Beitriige ent­ 15. Lebensjahres eine osterreichische Berufs- richtet wu!-den. auf Antrag bis auf S. 8.100 monatlich erhoht werden, (fach)schule, Mittelschule, bezw. Hochschule Es ware auch zu beachten, dass wenn fiir dio am 31.12.1969 Woiterversicherton besucht wurde, sowio Zeitcn dor wcitoren bereits ein Ponsionsantrag gestellt, bozw. eine kann die Bedtragsgrundlage fiir jene Monate Berufsausbildung, sofern spatestens innerhalb Pension bewilligt worden ist, bei deren Berech­ des Jahres 1972, fiir die Beitrage entrichtert dreier Jahre nach dem Verlassen der Schule, nung die im elterlichen usw. Betrieb zuge- wurden, auf Antrag bis auf S. 8.700 monat­ bczw. Beendigung des Studiums odor (ler brachten Zeiten nieht beriicksichtigt wurdon, lich erhoht werden. Berufsausbildung, eine sonstige Versicherungs­ nunmehr um Einbeziehung dieser Zeiten in zeit, z.B. die Emigrationszeit, vorgelegen ist. die Bemessungsgrundlage angesucht werden Diese riickwirkende Erhbhung der Beitrags­ sollte, was zu einer ErhiWiung der Pension grundlage ist insbesondere fiir Porsonen, die Die 29. Novelle hat nunmehr verfugt, dass fiihren wiirde. in naher Zukunft das pensionsfiihige Alter das Kritcrium einer nachfolgenden Versicho- errcicht haben werden. von grossem Interesso. rungszeit innerhalb dreier Jahre wegfdllt. In n. .A.ndererseits wird dies mit Nachzahlung der Zeit nach 1933 war es bekanntlich nicht Die 29. Novelle sieht Bonifikationen fiir den bedeutonder Betriige verbunden soin. Die leicht, nach Beendigung des Studiums eine .^ufschub der Geltendmachung des Pensions- Entscheidung ob und in welchem Umfange um Stellung zu finden. Es werden daher auf Grund anspruches vor. Die Bestimmungen sind sehr eine Erhohung der Beitragsgrundlage ersucht der neuen Bestimmungen u.a. auch diejenigen, kompliziert und kommen fiir unsere Lescr werden soil, muss daher dcr Entscheidung des die beispiolsveise im Jahre 1935 ihr Studium kaum in Botraclit. Einzelnen uberlasscn wenicn. Es wird bomerkt, becndigt haben und im Jahre 1939, also nach (lass die Erhbhung nur zuliissig ist. wenn der vior Jahren, au.sgowandort sind—boi Erfiillung III. freiwillig Vorsicherte oin der beantragten der sonstigon, insbesondorc Deckungszoit- Voi- Ab 1. Juli 1973 wird die Witwenrente mit hoheren Beitragsgrundlage entsprechendos aussetzungen—fur eine Pension qualifizieren. 60 7o ausgezahlt, wenn das anrechenbare Einkommen nachweist. Antrage konnen nur "sonstige Einkommen" (s. unsere seinerzeitige bis liingstens 31. Dezember 1973 bei sonstigem (b) Vor 1938/39 waren Sohne und Tochter, .A.usschluss gestellt wcrden. Die Beitrape Veroffentlichung ^om Februar 1971) nicht S. gelten noch ais wirksam entrichtet, wenn sie die im Familienbetrieb mitarbeiteten, nieht 1.800 per Monat ubersteight, Ab 1. Juli 1974 sozialversichert. Dieser Personenkreis, der innerhalb eines halben Jahres nach Bewil­ werden alle Witwon—ohne Riicksicht auf ihr ligung des Antrages gezahlt werden. auch Enkea, Wahl-und Stiefkihder (nicht sonstiges Einkommen—die 60% Witwenrente iedoch die Ehefrau) umfasst ist dzt. voll- in vollem Ausmasse orhalto'n. versichcrt. Auf Grund der Bestimmungon der Andorersoits bestoht die Moglichkeit—ins­ 29. Novelle werden nunmehr die im Betrieb IV. besondere boi Personen, die am 1. Januar ihrer Eltern, Grosseltern, Wahl-und Stiofeltern Freiwilli);e Weitcrversichening 1973 das 55. Lebonsjahr vollcndet haben und tatig gewesenen Personen so behandelt bei denen fiir die Kalenderjahre 1969 bis 1972 v.'erden, als ob fiir sie schon seinerzeit (also Dor Beitragssatz zur freiwilligen Weitcr- Entrichtung von Beitragen auf der nach den vor Einfuhrung der jetzt geltondon Sozial­ vcrsicherung in der Ponsionsvorsicherung der bisherigen Vorschriften niedrigsten zulassigen versicherungsgesetze) eine Pflichtversichorung Angestellten wird ab 1. Juli 1974 auf 17 S'^'r Beitragsgrundlage bewilligt worden war—um bestanden hatte. der Boitragsgrundlage erhoht werden und eine Verminderung dcr Beitragsgrundlage zu damit dem dzt. geltenden Satz in der Pensions­ crsuchen. Wir bemerken, dass eine Herabset­ (c) Es werden nunmehr auch hauptberuf- versicherung der Arbeiter angepasst werden. zung der Beitragsgrundlage gegen wohler- Hch tatig gewesene Lohrer, Erzieher, Musiker wogencs Interesse des Einzelnen ist und wenn und Artisten, die alle derzeit ir; Oesterroich Die freiwillig Versicherten wurden bereits moglich zu vermeiden ware. vollversichert sind, so behandelt werden, als anfangs Januar von dor Pensionsanstalt ver- ob fiir sie schon friiher (also vor ihrer Aus­ standigt, dass mit dem Inkrafttreten der 29. Novelle die Beitragsgrundlage fiir die freiwil­ Anfragen iiber Fragen der osterreichischen wanderung) eine Pflichtversicherung bestan­ Wiedergutmachung sind zu richten an: United den hiitte. Dies konnte fiir manche Emigranten lige Weiterversicherung ab 1. Januar 1973 eine Restitution Office (Austrian Desk). 183/9 bcdeutonde Erhohung erfahren wird. Dies interessant sein. Finchley Road, London, N.W.3. (Tel: 328 triigt u.a. der Tatsache Rechnung, dass bei 0021.) Allerdings verfiigt das Gesetz (entgegen der urspriinglichen Regierungsvorlage), dass alle diese Bestimmungen nur auf Falle anzuwon- den sind, in denen der Stichtag nach dem 31. Dezember 1972 liegt. Die praktische Auswir­ kung dieser Einschrankung ist, dass Pen­ sionen nicht riickwirkend vom Tage der Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. Erreichung des pensionsfjihigcn Alters, bozw des Eintrittes der dauernden Berufsunfiihig- Bankers keit anfallen, sondern von clem der Antragstel­ lung folgenden Monatsersten. (Ausnahme: Wenn der Antrag am ersten eines Monats bei der Pensionsversicherungsanstalt eingeht, so BASILDON HOUSE, 7^11 MOORGATE, E.C.2 gilt als Stichtag dieser Monatserste.) Telephone: 01-600 8151 Z-vvecks Wahrung der Frist empfiehlt sich daher eheste Einreichung eines wenn auch Telex: London 885822 vorerst formlosen Antrages. Die entsprechen­ den Beweise uber Studden-bezw. Ausbildungs­ Page 3 '^•'R INFORMATION April, 1973 LEO BAECK ZUM BOYKOTT-TAG ANGLO-JVDAWA Jewish Statistics Im naechsten Monat jaehrt sich zum hundertsten Male der Geburtstag von Leo .\ survey bv Professor S. J. Prai.s. " Syna­ Bacck. Wie Lescr aus (icr in dieser Ausgabe vcroelTcntlichtcn Voranzcige crschen, wird gogue Statistics and the Jewish Population of Great Britain, 1900-1970 ". shows that 58 per •J'e AJR gemeinsam mit anderen Organisationen am 30. Mai cine Jahrhundertfeier cent of thc Jews of Greater London, who form veranstalten. Der bevorstehende Gedenktag bietet besonderen Anlass, im folgenden two-thirds of the entire Jewish community in ^'nige Zitate aus der Ansprache wiederzugeben, die Leo Baeck am 20. Jahrestag des 1. Britain, now reside in the outer suburbs. Professor Prais calculates that the Greater April 1933 auf einer Kundgebung der AJR in London hielt. London area contains 273,000 Jews, of whom 158,000 now live in 19 of the 20 outlying dp '^'^'^f grossc Aufsticg, dcr daucrnd ist in vcrlassen auf ihre Treue und Loyalitat und boroughs. A further 114,000 still reside in einp ^^'^hichte eines Volkes. boginnt mit Entschlusskraft. . . . the twelve boroughs of inner London. Men ^^'^i Tapferkedlt, nicbt mit genialen Das war das Lcben der Juden in Deutschland Of Greater London's total population of Tanf 1*^"' ^^'^ "^^^ Measchen ciner grossen nach jenem 1, April 1933. Es ist ein Gesetz nearly eight million, 3-5 per cent arc Jewish. der Geschichte: Jeder Niedergang beginnt The whole of London Jewry is concentrated eiiip-r • Jeder Niedergang begann mit north of the river, with the exception of 17,600 Db: .'e, dass damals, als das Verhangnis "f Deputies. In a rase involving the East Over a period of many years thc proportion ''"icr L^^^' eine kulturelle Entwicklung Ham Conservative Club, which had refused of Jewish patients at thc hospital has consider­ ^^^'teti entgegen ging. Sie hatte im membership to an Indian, the law lords found ably declined, whilst the number of geriatric f^'Azi "I^hrzehnt des Jahrhunderts ein- that private clubs which have a genuine selec­ and psycho-geriatric patients requiring long- ?,eis^' . cine Renaissance des jiidischen tion procedure for their members are able term hospitalisation has increased. to discriminate without fear of iirosecution jji.discl '" I^cutschland, eine neue Belebung Hove Kindergarten J f^gabe"^ Kultur. Was damals an geistigcr under the Race Relations Act. They ruled that such clubs were private institutions and As promised by Rabbi Dr. Julius Unsdorfer a'^iger o" gcistiger Empfanglichkcit, an their membership did not include, under the at his induction into office last October as j? jiit)i„.L'"^duktivitat bewiesen wurde, was terms of the Act, "a section of thc public". minister of thc Brighton and Hove Hebrew J'^'scbg en Biichem, nicht nur an Biichern An earlier rlecision by the Court of Appeal, Con:;regation, a kindergarten has been opened yh,B ler n . • Autoren'^"'^i*;", , sonderMjuucinu jiidischejuuistm-'nn reversed by the Lords, held that it wa.s illegal in Hove. .At thc induction service the Chief f^^aff "" hochsten Sinne des Wortes for clubs to exclude from membership any Rabbi .said he had groat faith in Rabbi Uns- 5in ""ten ,.„._j. ; . • „ • ,_ .- , w'' Sfldr" ^"^'^e, ist ein Zeugnis, dcm icaum applicant hecau.so of race, colour, ethnic or (lorfcr's plan of education for the community. j^ ^ *^^ 3n die Seite gesotzt wcrden kann. national origin. Rabbi Unsdorfer hopes that the kindergarten will form the nucleus of a Jewish day school 2 '^chpn daran denkt, wie damals die in Brighton and Hove. •b'tung- Wochensdiriften waren, die "C.V. The Leo Baeck Lo? das Leben moglich gemacht, die LEO BAECK CENTENARY ^|',^talctJ;^^'^chen in Deutschland. Was den Campaign for Leningrad Family ^a "igSDv ^'^^"St, stand damals dort die CELEBRATION A " Daniel Teitclbaum Week ", the highlight on Wednesciay, May 30, at 8 p.m. of a campaign on behalf of the Teitelbaum o/^n di ^"^ ^'^^ Spitze: die oben family of' Leningrad, was organised by the ijij^eii ^ Geringen und die unten die at Hillel House, 1/2 Endsleigh St., Manchester 35s group, tho women's campaign l\S^^ii yor allem die christlichen Dienst- for Soviet .Jewry. A rota of telephone calls ^ti c:..,u^oen die Treue vielen bewiesen. London, W.C.1 was organised and telegrams were sent to the .Die ... ^te ein Denkmal errichtet werden. Soviet Ambassador in London by many promi­ The Speakers will be: • I'^^Jil^e^A^i^^'io 4^7^'."e^ Arbeit dieser ZeiZeit war eme nent local personalities, pleading that the 'he .Srunri ^'^' ^^^ koemvte sie eine legale Dr. Eva G. Reichmann family be allowed to leave the Soviet Union. Children from all the Jewish schools in the "kf*^ in dpr ^^''^'•^ nennen, immer im Legalen, Rabbi J. J. Kokotek Manchester area made Purim greetings cards M ^«leis[ y^^^^orgenheit. Solche Arbeit kann Rabbi Dr. S. Goldman for tho two Teitelbaum children and two par­ die jj^^' Werden, wenn Menschen da sind, Rabbi Hugo Gryn cels of the cards, together with small .gifts, ^1 sich unbedingt verlassen kann, were posted to Russia. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION April, 1973

SOVIET RUSSIA NEWS FROM ABROAD Gaoled for Alleged Slander In Rostov-on-Don Mr. Lazar Lubarsky, a UNITED STATES SERVICE IN MAJORCA 47-year-ol{l engineer, was sentenced to four Black Rabbi The first Friday night service and kiddush vears' detention in a strict regime labour camp of the officially recognised Palma, Majorca, for alleged slander of the Soviet system and Ten years ago Ethiopian-born Hailu Moshe community was attended by about 350 people for divulging State secrets. Mr. Lubarsky Paris and his group of Black Jews were given in the banqueting hall of the Auditorium. was dismissed from his job after applying the mortgage of Mount Horeb Synagogue in This was the first such service on the island to emigrate to Israel in April, 1970. the Bronx by Young Israel, the Orthodox con­ since Spain expelled the Jews in 1492. A gregational organisation which had worshipped Purim sen'ico and a children's Purim party Charged as a Spy there for many years. The original congrega­ wore held on March 17, with a Purim ball tion moved out when the neighbourhood bo- on March 18. A communal Seder service is Mr. Itzhak Shkolnik, a 36-year-old mechanic came Negro. planned for April 16. The Spanish Govern­ from Vinnitsa in the Ukraine, who is a Jew, Now the South Bronx, in which Mount Horeb ment olTiciary recognised the Majorca com­ is to be charged with treason and spying for is situated, has become a vast slum with the munity in August, 1971. Britain in 1968. highest crime and drug rate in New York City. There are about 8,500 Jews in Spain. The treason and spying allegations have Mr. Paris, who is the unordained rabbi of his been denied both by Mr. Shkolnik's wife. congregants, does not see any future for the ISRAELI TREES IN PARIS Feiga, and by British security officers in Lon­ movement as a whole in the area. Somo of his don. Mrs. Shkolnik has written to the Soviet congregants are thinking of going to tho West As a gesture of friendship towards Israel prosecutor-general in Moscow pointing out Indies, whence they came a generation ago. tho Paris municipality planted seven trees that her husband met the British businessmen from the Jewish State in a garden sauare only visiting Vinnitsa openly. Mr. Shkolnik was Times Columnist a few hundred yards from the official resi­ arrested in July last year after expressing dence of the French Premier. The planting his wish to emigVate to Israel. Mr. William Safire, a 43-year-old assistant ceremony in Square Boucicault was attended and spcechwritor of President Nixon, has been by representatives of all of Frances political appointed by the New York Times as a new parties, except the Communists. TRLALS IN GERMANY conservative columnist. This appointment is August Moritz, who now works in a Ham­ regarded as capitulation by the paper to the TROUBLE IN ISTANBUL burg business, is accused by Serge and Beate Nixon Administration's criticism of liberal Klarsfeld, of Paris, of leading the unit which journalism. The resumed trial in Istanbul of 13 young arrested Mr. Victor Basch, tho president of Ironically, Mr. Safire will be thc Times first Jewish religion teachers, including two rabbis tho French League of Human Rights. Mr. Jewish columnist to offset the moderate and six women, accused of teaching Hebrew Basch and his wife were executed near Lyons liberalism of what the Administration has and Jewish history illegally, was adjourned on January 10, 1944. called a Jewish-dominated eastern media estab­ until April 5. Two Turkish Education Minis­ lishment. try inspectors told the Istanbul criminal court Although Moritz has admitted that he served that Hebrew was not necessary to teach the with the SS in France during the war, ho Women's Lib Conference Bible and Jewish prayers. A third inspector, has rejected thc Klarsfeld charges that he however, reported his finding that Hebrew was responsible for war crimes there. He The first Jewish women's liberation con­ was required to teach the Bible to Jewish denies that he was associated with Klaus ference held in New York was attended by children. Barbie, thc wartime Lyons Gestapo chief, who more than 500 women, mostlj; in their is believed to be living in Bolivia under the twenties. Organised by the Jewish Student assumed name of Klaus Altmann, or with Network, an affiliate of the World Union of SOUTH AFRICAN ANTISEMITE Paul Touvier, the French war criminal par­ doned by President Pompidou. Jewish Students, with minimal support from Following his anti.somitic attacks against the established American Jewish community, Mr. Harry Schwarz, the Transvaal loader of Moritz, who said that he did not even know the conference grew out of the desire of con­ tho opposition United Party in South Africa, that he had been sentenced to death by a cerned young Jewish women to find valid ways Mr. Jack Dormehl, a senior member of the Lyons court, wants the charges clarified. He of relating as Jews to thc growing feminist party, has been oxpellod. Mr. Dormehl, stat­ has no objections to proceedings before a movement. ing he was not antisemitic, assorted that Jews West German court, but- has ruled out appear­ had a stranglehold on the party in the Trans­ ing in a French court. Intermarriage vaal. The party's Transvaal secretary. Major Sentences Representatives of more than 30 major J. D. R. Opperman, an Afrikaner, accused Mr. American Jewish organisations attended a con­ Dormehl of trying to wreck the party because A Hamburg court sentenced Otto Tuchel. ference in New York on the Jewish woman's he did not like Mr. Schwarz's less conserva­ a former Nazi police officer, to life imprison­ role in strengthening the Jewish family. tive policies. ment for murdering three Jews and for com­ According to speakers, intermarriage is a main plicity in the mass murder of Jews in Riga factor eroding Jewish family life in the United in 1941. The jury referred to Tuchel as a States. Some sources estimate that between TIIE VOICE OF HITLER fanatical Jew-hater who had welcomed his t965 and 1970 48 per cent of Jewish young chance to kill. Friedrich Jahnke, a former people married non-Jews. Following protests from Jewish leaders, records featuring the voice of Adolf Hitler captain, was sentenced to three years' im­ .Increasing divorce was another factor con­ were withdrawn from sale in a Johannesburg prisonment on the complicity charge. tributing to the disintegration of Jewish family Gorman bookshop. In Hamburg, too, a former Gestapo man, "fc there. A rise of between 30 and 35 per Hugo Thorns, was sentenced to three years' cent in the divorce rate during the past five imprisonment for taking part in the deporta­ years has been quoted. tion of about 9,000 Jews from the Radom dis­ With acknowledgement to the news trict near Warsaw to Treblinka concentration ONTARIO JUDGE service of the Jewish Chronicle. camp during the Second World War. After admitting that, together with others, Mr. Charles L. Dubin has been appointed he shot more than 12,000 Jews with a sub­ ^ judge of the Ontario Court of Appeal. machine gun in Western Russia during the Appointed a Queen's Counsel in the province Your House for:— Second World War, Adolf Petscli was gaoled only nine years after entering practice and a for 15 years by a Frankfurt court. Five other member of the Progressive Conservative Party, CURTAINS, CARPETS, former Nazi officers were convicted of com­ Mr Dubin was appointed to the Bench by the plicity in the murder of 30,000 Jewish women, federal Liberal Government. He is a member FLOORCOVERINGS children and old people. They received sen­ 01 Toronto's Holy Blossom Temple. tences of between two-and-a-half and four years. HUMANE VENEZUELAN PRESIDENT SPECIALITY Venezuela's Jewish community has present­ CONTINENTAL DOWN HAMBURG REMEMBERS RABBI er a plaque of appreciation to Mrs. Contreras, jne widow of General Eleazar Contreras, a QUILTS CARLEBACH "'rmer President of Venezuela. When General Tho 90th anniversary of the birth of Dr. j'Ontreras, who died recently, was in office ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Joseph Carlebach, the former Chief Rabbi of m 1939, he allowed more than 200 Jewish refu- Hamburg, who refused to leave his congrega­ sees fleeing from Nazi Germany, who had ESTIMATES FREE tion when faced with deportation and death arrived in two ships in Venezuelan coastal by the Nazis during the Second World War, ";a.tors to land and remain there. One of the was recently marked in Hamburg. Members ^nips had earlier vainly attempted to obtain DAWSON-LANE LIMITED (Eltablllhtd 1946) of the West German Jewish communities, and TU'" '" several neighbouring countries, West German State and Church representa­ so/ti was the beginning of steady Jewish 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK tives, attended tho memorial service at the ,etuement in Venezuela, with the community Telephone: 904 6671 Hamburg Synagogue. Dr. Carlcbach's son, Mr. looay totaUing about 12,000 people out of a PtnoMi antnuon ef Mr. W. SkacknuB. Julius (iarlebach, lecturer in sociology and population of about ten million. Israeli studies at Sussex University, ad(lressed the congregation. •^^ INFORMATION April, 1973 Page 5 «o6, «'•' ^eltsch withdrawal from Dunkirk, Glyndebourne was closed (and was not to re-open till after the war), and Bing began to prepare for the Edinburgh music festi\al which was not to BEHIND THE SCENES OF GRAND OPERA start till after 1945. In this context we learn that Bing is a Catholic. In 1949, he was en­ From Nazi Germany to Post-War America gaged by the Metropolitan Opera in New- York, and the main part of the book consists Th of an account, told with charm and much wit rctirJ|j"'^'^oirs of Rudolf Bing,* who recently However, earlier on in 1927, Bing went to and enlivone(l with countless anecdotes, of as jLp ^J.tcr working for moro than 20 years Berlin. His friendship with Carl Ebert, the nearly 22 years of uninterrupted and ex­ convev ""*^*^tor of the Metropolitan Opera, great producer and man of the theatre, began hausting work. Opera devotees whose number at ti^, * colourful picture, often amusing but in Darmstadt. This friendship became very has risen so steeply in recent years thanks to P,.Eur'o'nl^_ "C^s mplnnf>hr,i;melancholic^ , nfof aorn, entir«nfinne ern,-ao iinn important later on. In 1931 Bing was em­ the invention of the long-playing record and •^opean l§ Of th"e^ and American musical life as well ployed by Kurt Singer, manager of the Berlin the popularity of thc gramophone, will find 2 successful career of a man whom "Staedtische Oper", of whom he had a rather fascinating material here; not, it is true, the ^^' Nati '^iistri''"'f°"^' Socialists had driven from critical view. Singer was later dismissed for sound of beautiful voices, but a glance '^Udoif homeland, and from Germany. alleged inefficiency and Carl Ebert became his behind the scenes at the caprices of singers I lese fam^i^'"^ '^^^'^ ^""om a well-to-do Vien- successor. Bing apparenUy docs not know, in and primadonnas and the eternal difficulties niUsip J^^ ~^°'^ ^ cultural milieu, in which any case docs not mention, that two years of management, concerned not only with r^'lciri^^ particularly encouraged. His youth later, when he and Ebert, a Social Democrat, finance but also with the many human, ir­ had to flee from Berlin, Singer was made rational imponderables in a field where all littg aw '•^^ Austrian monarchy. After run- head of the Jewish "Kulturbund", which was depends on the success of a personal artistic 'o tjj ^y from the 'Gymnasium' he was sent founded under the Nazi regime, and that in performance at a given time. 'ieacinii-.^*^"ool of Eugenie Schwarzwald, a this capacity, he gave great service to suffering Jewry. Singer died in Theresienstadt in 1944. Owing to the progress of aviation, the *vhom h ^ '""'^h respected at thc time, world of the theatre has become a global Perhap3 h ^^'^^ ^ "Polisfti pedagogue", Bing's great career did not begin till 1934 entity; it is now possible at any time to fetch 'Mt p oeca^jse he was hesitant to mention when having returned to Vienna he realised a replacement singer by air. Technically this ' Hwart^^'f'^^'-I^^ish origins. Frau Dr. that National Socialism was not a temporary may be easy, but humanly it does not always jliany ^'d, who is still remembered by phenomenon, as he and others had earlier work. Moreover there have been political supposed. It was thc year of thc Dolfuss as­ ^loii' t'^ ^^^ person, had a kind of difficulties. In Senator MacCarthy's time, for sassination and Nazi propoganda in Vienna instance, no one who was born behind the i'l^Hectua, Vienna, where men of the in- was assuming threatening proportions. Out of ^Mi T ^"d artistic life met, for instance, Iron Curtain, was given a visa to enter the the blue he received a letter from the con­ USA. Bing had taken great trouble to pre­ b • KoW °^' ^^^'^^ Altenberg, Arthur Schnitz- ductor Fritz Busch who invited him to co­ pare a performance of Verdi's 'Don Carlos', ^olf s ,^.^a. Hofmannsthal and the pianist operate in the project of a very remarkable in which Boris Christoff was to sing the part f^'Untey .^^- fhis svas young Bing's first en- wealthy English landowner, John Christie, of King Philipp Nobody dreamt that Christoff Jc Was rT*'*^ ^°™^ °^ ^hc famous with whom who intended to set up an opera festival who was born in Bulgaria, would be refused u Vear^^^^'"*^^ ^° ^^'°'"'^ ^'^^^^^ When he was house on his estate at Glyndebourne. This was a visa. But all efforts to get one for him were j ^'iUer's k^^^^' ^'"S was employed in Hugo the beginning of the enterprise which has in vain. It is easy to imagine the ensuing cm- ? the K °°okshop which later became one since .become famous throughout the world. baiTassmcnt considering that this production ! • ^ acp^^V'^nown European theatre and con- There Busch, Ebert and Bing joined forces was financed by Mrs. Ryan, a lady on the r^'cesh- "^^- "^here he served his first app- with a number of other continental artists, board of the Met, who had raised 65,000 '%r B •'• I'c recalls that Schnitzler's "Pro- among them Hans Oppenheim, n Jewish con­ dollars by selling a Rembrandt for this pur­ ''as ba^^jhardi", the performance of which ductor from Frankfurt. It was planned to pose. Mrs. Ryan was the daughter of the well- b^^ to M? ^^ ^'^ censor in Vienna in dcfer- form a kind of "Salzburg in Exile", a gift, as known German-Jewish patron of arts Otto r'ler t r Catholic Church, was taken by it were, from the emigres to hospitable Brtain. Kahn (born at Mannheim) who was for many % ^ 'Pressburg" (as Bing still calls the The details, which Bing relates very wittily, years president of the Met Board. This ex­ %dy ^°'^<^ the frontier which was then sound fantastic, but the fairy-tale came true. pensive production was in jeopardy because Y^(ti g ^he Czechoslovakian Republic and His collaboration with innumerable rreat of MacCarthy ! Fortunately Bing found ^pc^*^^^^^^) and performed there by a artists began at that time. In March 1938 the another Philipp. the bass Cesare Siepi, and . Vk ^"semble. Czech government invited representatives success was ensured. But during the first r ^ith^'"^'^ Heller brought Bing into con- from Glyndebourne to a music conference. night, anti-communists organised a protest tif^^o •«; '^'^"y prominent musicians such as They travelled via Vienna where Bing ar­ demonstration outside the houso. This is one ^Hosrn^^^' ^^^^ Busch, Lotte Lehmann, rived on the very day when Hitler's troops of the little stories from Bing's Five Thousand >ous -Quartet, etc. Frau Rose (wife of thc marched in. Miraculously Bing was able to ic^nu n^^^h—baptised—violinist, formerly and One Nights. There is ample material of continue his journey to Prague because he this nature; nor does Bing conceal his V°^'^"hlum from Jassy, solo violinist held a travel document from tho British M.P. h^ter Q, 'cnna 'Hofoper' orchestra) was the conflicts with some of the bigwigs (including Sir Hugh Sealy and hid liis own Austrian Maria Callas) and the rivalries among thc Mann, "stav Mahler. The family went to passport. The mass of the fleeing Austrians 0 '^'i ntn °"' hut Rose's daughter Alma, a singers themselves. There is a lot of gossip were prevented by the Nazi authorities from of every kind mirroring the characters of the f,^''W • king's, fell into tho hands of the crossing the frontier. Bing was thus able to celebrities. lo'^'^y'wa" Holland. Another friend of the return from Prague to England. That was v^teflp , Dr. Paul Eger from Prague, direc- good luck indeed. Under Bing's aegis the Met was transferred y late °^ ^^^ ^^^^ Theatre in Darmstadt from thc rather shabby but atmosohcric old v^Otsicii.J^ on for a time director of thc However, the "anti-Salzburg" proper camo about only during the war. After the British house to the new sumptuous premises at the b"}? ^^ Theater' in Prague. In Vienna Lincoln Centre. The Met's public relations j.'^'lfir'sT^'^^ with Karl Lion, manager of and representation duties have also risen since Si" Lion ^^<^ agency. "I leamed from Eger the United Nations became based in New- '''fica,^* ^^"^t one can play a useful and "ti ^Cant ""• "lie can piay u useiui auu York, and it was visited by thousands of dip­ /"Cselj a P^rt in artistic life without being Elka Couture lomats, ministers and politicians. a'^Ces "^practising artist". All these acquain- Mayor Lindsay frequently brought such < ^^^^^ ^seiul to Bing later on. When guests to the 'gala' box of the Met (ordinary lo "S th'^^''^^ '•° power, all these Jews, in- E. HORNIK LTD. seats are almost always sold out); there were "•''ews '^ who were baptised, and many 1,500 of them in one year. The author lists ' Were scattered all over the world. only three of them by name, the King of al the Opera—Ttie Memoira of Sir Rudoll Morocco, the Emperor of Ethiopia Haile amilton. London. 1972. £4. Elsel'y House Selassie and Golda Meir. During the interval the guests wore usually escorted into a room 24/30 Gt. Titchfield Street adjoining the box and Bing relates that during '2E SQUARE SYNAGOGUl= Golda Meir's visit Lindsay discovered in the _ -*•' oviuBvtUiu* SouaiSonars^. LandoaLandM. N.W.3 London, W.l ante-room, a little sphinx which Zefirelli had «'» hei7^*'^°°'J^ SERVICES once brought as a present. Seeing this Lind­ 'Id FI^,. regularly on the Eve of Sabbath Telephone: 01-580 3448/9/0 say exclaimed: "Oh dear, this is Egyptian!" *stivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day Bing replied: "True, but from the time at 11 a.m. ARE CORDIALLY INVITED before the Sox-Day War". In any case nobody interpreted the Sphinx as a provocation. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION April, 1973

E. G. Loicenthal lively travel stories, full of sociological interest. The NDB lists the three artistically gifted brothers Hollaender from Leobschuetz/Upper JEWISH REFEREISCES IN GERMAN Silesia: Felix, the novelist, playwright and theatre manager who died in Berlin in 1931; NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY Victor, the conductor and successful composer of operettas who died in Hollywood in 1940, Up to now it may not have been widely Mendel Hess (1807-1871), the early reformer and Gustav, a violinist in chamber and other known that the first Jewish socialist, who in Thuringia, three leading representatives of orchestras, who died in 1915. His son. Fried­ championed the Jewish national idea and was Orthodoxy: Israel (Esriel) Hildesheimer from rich Hollaender, composer of revue- and sound- therefore a precursor of Zionism, had a Catho­ HaJberstadt who founded the Rabbinical Sem­ film music, celebrated his 75th birthday in lic wife and was the uncle of Adele Gerhard, inary in Berlin in 1873; Samson Raphael October, 1971. the Cologne novelist (1868-1956). This and Hirsch who arrived in Frankfurt in 1851 after Much space is devoted to the poetry and other information can be gleaned under the having held office in Oldenburg, Emden and dramatic works of Hugo von Hofmannsthal catchword "Moses Hess" from the ninth volume Nikolsburg and^ worked there for nearly four (1874-1929) who is the descendant of a Jewish of the "Neue Deutsche Biographie", "N.D.B." decades as spiritual head of the "Israelitische family. Himself a Catholic, he was the great- for short, which covers the second half of the Religionsgesellschaft"; finally Markus Horo­ grandson of Isak Loew Hofmann, businessman letter "H" (Duncker and Humblot. Berlin vitz who was Orthodox rabbi of the Frankfurt and head of the Vienna Jewish community 1972). Similar discoveries can be made in community from 1878 onv^'ards and whose book (1759-1849). other biographies in this large reference work on the "Frankfurter Rabbinen" was published The following are mentioned in the world which is being published at the behest and in a new edition only a few years ago. of musie: The composer and conductor Fer­ with the support of the History Commission dinand Hillcr (Frankfurt/M. 1811-Cologne attached to the Bavarian .A.cadomy of Sciences The businessmen include, apart from the 3885) who was raised to tho nobility in Wuort- in Munich. Hirschlands, the metallurgy industrialists Dr. temberg; ho was baptised in 1841 and was It is not a new edition of the 56-volume (Ing.e.h.) Aron Hirsch (1858-1942; Hirsch Kup- for a time a close friend of Felix Mendels­ "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic" ("ADB") fer-und Messingwerke) and Zachary Hoch- sohn Bartholdy. The musicologist Leopold which came out in the years from 1875 to 1912, schikl (1854-1912) who, with Wilhelm Merton Hirsebberg (1867-1929), and the less known but it is largely a fundamentally new, compre­ and Leo Ellinger, founded the important composer and conductor, Alexis Hollander hensive work. The number of entries relating •'Metallgesellschaft" in Frankfurt/Main. Others (Raitibor 1840-Berlin 1924), who worked above to Jews is not inconsiderable and the informa­ were: Siegmund Hinrichson (1841-1902), all as a music paedagogue in Berlin. tive detail which is given, frequently in pass­ founder of the Hamburg pri\'ate bank of Hauly The medical profession is represented by ing as it were, goes beyond an actual bio­ & Co. and president of the Hamburg city .August Hirsch (1817-1894), hygienist and graphy. Almost every entry not only gives an assembly in 1892, as well as three bankers, medical historian; the outstanding Berlin eye appreciation of the life and work of deceased descendants of the court merchant family specialist Julius Hirschberg (1843-1925) who public figures but also starts off with genea­ Hirsch from Koenigshofen/Lower Franconia, also contributed towards the history of logical data and ends with mostly up-to-daite i.e., Jakob Hirsch (died in Munich in 1840), medicine, and the much criticised sexology literary references. his son Julius (1876 Wuerzburg) and the lat­ ter's nephew. Baron Moritz Hirsch from expert Magnus Hirschfeld who died in 1935 at Particularly instructive is the genealogical Munich (died 1896) who made a name for him­ -Nice. introduction to entire families such as the self by financing the building of railways Among the scholars are the archaeologists Hirschlands of Essen and the Hitzigs (Itzigs) (••Tuerkenhirsch") and as tho founder of the Gustav Hirschfeld (Pyritz 1847-Wiesbaden of Berlin. In this way one learns a few things JCA (Jewish Colonisation Agency). Another 1895) who became a Protestant in 1877, and about the origin of the fonner Essen family of entrepreneur was Carl Heymann (Glogau 1794- the Inca explorer Hans Horkheimer who emi­ bankers; their enterprise which was founded in Berlin 1862), founder of a publishing house grated to South America in 1939 and died in 1841 and achieved a reputation far beyond for books on Jurisprudence and Political Peru in 1965; he svas a cousin of Max Hork- the local confines, was transferred to Burk­ Sciences which beai^s his name and still exists hcimer. The economist, Under-Secretary of hardt & Co. in 1938. In 1815, Herz Hirsch­ today. State Julius Hirsch, who died in New York in land, teacher and "shochet" from Steinheim/ 1961. was an expert on problems relating to Westphalia, settled in Essen. He was the great­ the retail trade and department stores. grandfather of the last senior partner Dr. The first name to appear among the poets, authors and theatre people (according to the Among politicians, the N.D.B. mentions Dr. Georg Hirschland (Essen 1885—New York (med.) Rudolf Hilferding, social-democrat 1942) who was also very active in Jewish life. alphabetical order) is the lyric poet Walther The jurist Julius Eduard Hitzig (Berlin 1780- Ileymann (from Koenigsberg/Pr.) who was Reich Minister of Finance during tho Weimar 1849, converted to Christianity in 1799) re­ killed in battle in 1915; Richard Dehmol period, who was murdered by the Gestapo in ceived an honorary doctor's degree in Tue- pinned great hopes on him and he seems un­ Paris in 1941. Furthermore the Hamburg mer­ hingen and was also actively interested in deservedly to have been forgotten. Karl Jakob chant Marcus Wolf Hinrichsen, later on head literature. His father was the Potsdam town Hirsch (1892-1952) was originally connected of the Jewish community, who was a parlia­ councillor Elias Daniel Itzig (later Hitzig with musie and painting; his novel "Kaiser- mentarian in the middle of the nineteenth 1755-1818), his grandfather Daniel Itzig wetter" made him widely known as an author. century and a member of the Reichstag of the (1723-1799), "elder of the Prussian Jews" and He was a great-grandson of Samson Raphael Norddoutsche Bund and the Zollvercin Parlia­ his son the well-known nineteenth-century Ber­ Hirsch and in 1945 he became a Protestant. ment; thc socio-politician Max Hirsch (Halber­ lin architect Friedrich Hitzig who built houses The new volume also contains entries about stadt 1832-Hamburg v.d.H. 1905), co-founder in the Tiergarten District and also the Boerso George Hirschfeld (Berlin 1873-Munich 1942), of the liberal "Deutsche (Hirsch-Dunckersche) and the Reichsbank. play\\Tight and novelist, and Kurt Hirschfeld Gowerkverein"; he was several times a Reichs­ (died 1964), manager of the Zuerich theatre, tag deputy. The extremely brief entry on Among the about 40 personalities of the who was among the first to recognise the con- Ludwig Hollander, for many years director Jewish faith or Jewish origin mentioned in tomporai-y Swiss authors Duerrenmatt and of the "Contral-Vorein deutschcr Staa.tsbuorgor the new N.D.B. volume is one woman. Dr. jucPrussia and the third woman in the whole of the Jewish sanitorium at Sayn noar Koblenz where, are of particular interest and value from *^ermany to receive this title. whence he was deported by the Nazis to an the Jewish point of view. Frequently thoy con­ The rabbis mentioned are, apart from unknown destination in 1942. On his mother's voy a miniature picture of the expansion of side he was a nephew of the popular poetess entire families an(I their interlacing with other Friedcrike Kempner (1836-1904). The circles and cultural spheres. In this respect the Viennese doctor's son, Moshe Yaakov Ben- N.D.B. remains a treasure trove. INTERNIERUNGSLAGER Gavriel, whoso real name was Eugen Hoeflich, Ich kaufe saubere Karten und Umschlage came to Jerusalem as an officer during the BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER mil klaren Stempein aus Internierungs- First World War and lived there from 1927 Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS 'agern; z.B. aus Jamaica, Rhodesien. onwards; he became known above all by his Always interested in purchasing Mauritius usw., von 1914-19 und 1939-45. novel "Das Haus in der Karpfengasse," which well-preserved instruments. describes the destruction of the Jewish com­ Angebote mit Vorlage erbeten an : JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. munity of Prague. An important contribution 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Peter C. Rickenback. to twentieth-century German literature was 14 Rosllvn HIII. london. NWS IPf. Tel.: 723 8818/9. made by Arthur Holitscher (1869-1941) by his ^'^PORMATION April, 1973 Page 7 ^ 1 '"'4. Berendsohn (Bromma, Sweden) Globke wrote a commentary to the Nucm- berger Gesetze and was considered as their authentic interpreter. He later claimed that he had tuned down thc regulations. This can be RESEARCH ON EXILE LITERATURE neither verified nor refuted today. In any case, his name is linked with these laws and the |Veaf J .Hitler wanted to create a Thousand Thc "Second International Symposium for sufferings resulting from them. There are (^"'fODfia ^ German reign of force over the Research into the Gorman language Exile after people who say that in some cases Globke had I'toinjg" continent. His dictatorship lasted 1933" was held in August 1972 at the Tech­ rendered help to Jews. Yet this does not blot l^^isan I *° ^^^^" •"" these years, hundreds of nical University of Lundtofte near Copenhagen out his part in the responsibility for the Hie 1 °^ endangered and freedom loving under the dh-ection of Professor SlclTcn Slet- tragedy. After all, there are also Jews who [sprejj teft the countries under his power, fcnsen. There were 95 delegates from 18 coun­ provide evidence that they had been helped M ppf^^^'" the five continents of the eartli tries present, of whom 37 came from the by other leading Nazis, e.g., by Goering and Kles of *^ themselves valuable to the coun- German Federal Republic, 15 from U.S.A., even Streicher, and if one goes deeper into SreiJ .•'fiception. This is borne out by a com- where Professors John M. Spaleh and Joseph the matter one may easily come to the con­ ^"flish ^A ^terature, published mainly in I. Strelka had founded a Working Group of 150 clusion that almost every member of the Nazi V T •'^hout 80 per cent of the emigrants hierarchy had his "Court Jew". J Jews. research workers, and eight each from the Gennan Democratic Republic and Sweden. After the Second World War, Chancellor *^ ev^t'^^"^' ^"•tcrest in this mass ex(Klus Rtjports on activities and plans in various coun­ Adenauer made Globke his closest collabora­ j)eare including Israel. gemeinschaft" in Switzerland, which placed past than others who due to their impeccable I ""e TT^'^^tumn 1966, the German Institute of 150 scholars in Turkey, some of whom are still past have a clear conscience. ^nivc there. (An ai-ticle on this constructive rescue Globkc was one of those civil servants of ;ear(vj,'^'^^^^•c y of Stockholm has built up a - "Centre under the directorship of Pro- operation appeared in our December 1972 the old regime who did not see anything wrong I -»es piT^^^' Korlin which systematically issue). The psychiatrist Professor U. E. Peters, in serving three entirely different mastci-s, Nnar ""^^ of this great task. By lectures, Mainz, dealt with the work of a group of 30 who kept the State machinery running and 'feaitij,^ jind the publication of xeroxed scientists who, under his guidance, tried to col­ who gave "legal" shape to the wishes of their *l(!e ^ .the author of this article gave guid- lect material about the careers of their emi­ superiors, thus making the commitment of ^•as tj. yitense research. One of the results grated colleagues. All this shows that much the crimes possible. Probably, tlie destiny of Jener -,°°0-Page work by Dr. Helmut Mues- work has been done since 1966 and that the the "Third Reich", and accordingly also that H^e^j o^t "Die Deutsche Emigration in interest in the subject has considerably grown. of the Jewish population, would have taken i''*''Sem"' ^"^ ""cview of this book appeared in Nevertheless, tho research into the mass a different turn if there had not boon too led i; '"her 1972 issue). At ithe same time, I exodus from the Third Reich is stDl in its many bureaucrats of his kind, if the ciNil erip. ^^rious ways, e.g., by annual reports, initial stages. Therefore, in my opening address servants had not tried to "legalise" the pro­ '^entrej .^^Se ^"^ establishment of research to the Symposium. I proposed an appeal which gramme but tendered their resignation. "iterw-^ other countries and to organise was adopted and which called for the collec­ It was the fundamental mistake of the Th. „ "^1 co-operation. tion and prosen'ation of all relevant material Globkes that they attributed more importance sl^^ inintemationat l conference took place as well as for the co-operation of the govern­ to their oath than to their conscience, and that att€ij^^a;.^ckhol ^ ,-'^lm in September 1969. It was ments concerned and of the press. they considered it possible to stop by legis­ ?^« (V-,^ ^5 participants from 13 countries, Among the countries which so far have not lative measures a process which could not be '% ^nfeI —;renc- e decided to appoint the Stock- established a research centre is Israel. A Sym­ halted. ^titute as its co-ordinating body. posium edited by Professor Manfred Durzak HANS-ERICH FABIAN (New York). (Kiel) which is due to appear this year, will include a contribution by this writer about the situation in Israel. The thu-d inte.mational conference is HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN scheduled for 1975 and, at the invitation of Professors Herbert Steiner and Victor Sachy, DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX will be held in Vienna.

Special1s t Shippers LTD. THE GERMAN BUREAUCRAT Death of Dr. Hans Globke nrje w Dr Hans Globke, Regierungsrat in the Prus­ nes Unique Liqueurs sian Ministry of the Interior under the Social Democrat Severing, Ministerialrat in the Fed­ If you enjoy wines eral Ministry of the Interior under the National Socialist Gocring and Secretary of State in the Dunbee House ^'te for our latest free list Federal Chancellery under the Christian Demo­ crat Adenauer, recently died in Bonn. He was one of those personalities who, in their official 117 Great Portland Street, ^fiic/i IS fult of fascinating positions, were insolubly conneated with the destiny of the Jews in Germany from 1933 to '°'''nafjofi, maps, vintage reports 1945 and with the issue of restitution and London, W.l compensation from 1953 to 1963. ta charts, descriptions, wines In 1933, wihen the Prussian and Federal Ministries of the Interior were amalgamated for laying down under Goering, Globke took charge of the Tel. 01-580 3264'0878 (P.B.X.) nationality division of the Federal Ministi-y. The so-called "Nuemberger Gesetze" of 1935 were drafted in his department. They were, in Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, *

H. W. Freyhan ADELE REIFENBERG 80 It was a heart-warming experience to attend the opening of Adele Reifenberg's retrospective exhibition by the Mayor of Camden. It took NEW LIGHT ON THE MENDELSSOHNS place on March 1 ait Mrs. Fisher's in Lambolle Road. There were more than a hundred people, not only critics and lovers of art, but also With characteristic family pride Abraham he supports it with good evidence. many \vho just wanted to show their respect Mendelssohn oaiUed himself a GedanJcen- Another of the book's merits is its attention and admiration for the painter as a personality. strich, a hyphcm, "formorly known as tihe son to Felix's attitude versus his Jewish origin She is astonishing. In spite of her age and her of my fiaither, now as 'tihe fatihor of my soai". He which was far more positive than had been physical handicap she herself had been en­ was the limk between' Moses and Felix Men­ known until recently. The author makes a gaged for weeks in the strenuous pref>aratiion delssohn, the two most outstanding members point of presenting all the relevant facts which of this fascinating show. It proved that her recent research has uncovered. of one of Gorman Jewry's most outstanding vigour, her craft, her power to observe, and families. To the impact of anti-Jewish prejudice her imagination have not diminished. Felix reacts with emphatic pride. He does not In bis book The Mendelssohns, Three Gen­ conceal his joy over the emancipation of But, on this extraordinary and very personal erations of Genius (W. H. Allen, 1972; £3-50) Anglo-Jewry after witnessing, with his father, occasion, I should like to say something about the American writer Herbert Kupferberg the relevant debate and vote in the House of the artist's life and career. When once, exas­ charts the family's history from Moses' child­ Commons. After referring scornfully to an perated by her schoolmates, she exclained; hood to the present time. The Nazi regime anti-Jewish edict which had just been issued "What will become of me?", her art mistress uprooted their family from German soil, and in Posen, he continues : " The Times said that replied: "With a littie bit of luck a good thus this family history coincides with the it is much better for us in England." Unlike painter." According to Miiss Reifenberg, she history of German Jewry from the beginnings the wicked child in the Haggada, he includes has had much luck in her life. Both her of emancipation to tho ond. But in their case, himself, and Kupforberg rightly observes that I>arents had artistic talent and understanding. such coincidence is much more than a the use of " us " is striking. It ran in the family. Her cousin was Alfred redection of general trends, for the family Messol, the famous architect. Another piece was destined to stand in the foreground of de­ Felix's conversion was the responsibility of his parents : he was then a mere seven-year- of luck: her art mistress was a gifted pvainter velopments. Moses Mendelssohn was tho of whom Liebormann once said: "The most father of Jewish emancipation in Germany, old boy. In view of his later attitude, the author may be right in raising some doubt intelligent woman I have ever known." She and its effects, both positive and negative, showed the child reproductions of famous showed themselves in his descendants in the whether Felix himself would have taken this stop. paintings even, as early as the beginning of most symptomatic way. The two pinnacles of the century, of Cezanne. Adele wanted to the family, Moses and Felix, achieved in­ Abraham, in loyalty' to his father, had shown some reluctance in agreeing to his apprentice herself to Nolde but instead she ternational fame. Moses gained the reluctant chose Lovis Corinth who became the decisive respect of his sovereign. King Friedrich II; children's conversion; his wife, with her Felix was highly honoured by Friedrich brother, Jacob Bartholdy, had boon the driv­ influence. At around thait time the "Sonder- Wilhelm IV. by Queen Victoria and other ing force. It is significant that Felix's parents bund" held a famous exhibition of all great monarchs. Moses was the friend of Lessing ; waited another six years before they, too, Impressionists. A new world opened up for Felix enjoyed the fatherly alTection of Goethe. severed their links with Judaism. But other the budding painter. Her second teacher was Mosos reached his position after a tremendous members of tho family had done so before, a then all but unknown young painter Max uphill struggle, Felix apparently without it. including Moses' daughter, Dorothea Sehlegel, Beckmaran. But ho, too. was not spared some crude who later changed from the Protestant to the It was almost unavoidable that Adelo Reifen- reminders of his origin, in spite of his conver­ Roman Catholic faith. As a young girl, she bc-g should marry another paiiinter, Julius sion to the Lutheran faith. To many he re­ had enjoyed her father's philosophical and Rosenbaum. He was not only an excellent crafts­ mained the Jew—even Zelter, in a letter to religious tuition. What went wrong ? man, ho also had a good sense of 'Colour and Goethe, makes an apologetic reference to " One writer who attended a Friday night composition. Both of thom left Germany Fe'ixs origin — and quite apart from a few gathering at the Mendelssohn's reported that shortly before tho Second World War. Atter | unpleasant street incidents this was one of the the guests suddenly missed seeing (Moses) the war they opened a successful art school reasons which precluded his appointment as Mendelssohn and his wife in the room. Then, which came to an end when Rosenbaum died. musical director of the Berlin Singakademie through an open door, the visitors saw in an But Adele carried on undaunted. She fol­ as Zelter's successor, in spite of his famous adjoining chamber the gleam of Sabbath lowed the advice her mother gave her: "A revival of Bach's St. Matthew Passion with candles, with Fromet pronouncing tho blessing person who paints (^an never be entirely that .same choir. over them and Mendelssohn standing beside unhappy." her." Many happy returns! Kupferberg's interest is naturally focused There may be some significance in this pri­ ALFONS ROSENBERG. on Moses and Felix, with the composer getting vate and almost concealed form of observance. the lion's share, but other members of the Nevertheless, Moses remained an Orthodox family, especially Moses' daughters, are by Jew all his life. In his commentary on the GERMANY'S " UNOFFICIAL no means ignore(l. The narrative remains ever book of Exodus, he writes: " The benefit fascinating, and it is presented in a very read­ arising from the many inexplicable laws of AMBASSADOR" , able manner although a few minor errors, God is in their practice, and not in the under­ Rudolf Kuestermeier, 70 standing of their motives." This is far remote mostly of a genealogical kind, have crept in. The German journalist, Rudolf Kuester­ There seems little need to reiterate here from the later reformists who claimed to have meier, recently celebrated his 70th birthday ' the many famous biographical events, many been inspired by his teachings, let alone from in Tel Aviv. Before 1933 he wrote for liberal of which have been familiar ever since the reasons with which members of his family and social democratic newspapers in Germany. Sebastiam Hensel's Die Familie Mendelssohn tried to justify their conversions. But these Under tho Nazis he spent eleven years in was published in the last century. Fortunately, negative developments were part of the price prisons and concentration camps on account Kupferberg has included the additional infor­ which, in the opinion of not a few European of his Resistance activities. After the war mation which has been brought to light Jews, had to be paid for emancipation. he became editor of the Hamburg " Welt ". As early as 1950 he paid a visit to Israel through the research of recent writers such as the first German journalist admitted to that as Eric Werner. country. One year later he founded, together The author makes little pretence of musical DR. ANNELIESE LANDAU, 70 with Eric Lueth, the Peace with Israel move­ scholarship. His comments on Felix's works ment. From 1957 until the middle of 1968 are brief and do not cover his whole output. The musicologist. Dr. Anneliese Landau, he was in Jerusalem as Chief Correspondent Even so he does attempt a present-day evalua­ recently celebrated her 70th birthday in Los of tho German Press Agency and several Ger­ tion which maintains a sound balance between Angeles. Many in our midst remember the man radio networks. In all those years Rudolf the over-onthusiasm of Felix's contemporaries lectures she gave under the auspices of the Kuostcrmoior proved to bo an excellent writer, Juedische Kulturbund in Germany. They combining journalistic objectivity with a basic and the subsequent rejection, which was not covered musical history, interpretation of sympathy for Israel's cause. In the first always due to antisemitism. In this connection, works and portraits of composers and ex­ period of his assignment he also acted as the more space might have been given to Wagner's celled bv the expert knowledge and personal unofficial " Honorary Ambassador ' of the Gor­ attitude and its reasons. charm of the speaker. For the past 30 years man Federal Reoublic till the official relations Very justifiably, Kupferborg seeks to cor­ Anneliese Landau has continued these activi­ between the two States wore esitablished in I rect tho customary image of Felix as the ties of musical education and interpretation 1965. He has settled permanently in Tel Aviv, | in Los Angeles, in conjunction with both the where he continues his joumalistic work- composer who knew no conflicts and whose Jewish communities and the institutes of largely for radio stations—for peace, better I happy life is reflected in music that is lacking adult education. German-Israel understanding and mutual | in depth. While not overstating his ease. E.G.L. confidence. ^ INFORMATION April, 1973 Page 9

THE AJR KOSHER MEALS-ON-WHEELS ORGANISATIONAL NEWS SERVICE Until the AJR started its Meals-on-Wheels Service, no similar service existed in the N.W. AJR CLUB L.S.E. LIBRARY GRANT areas of London. There were no facilities for people who required kosher meals delivered Successful Bring an.i Buy Sale .A.moun;s of £50,000 each have been given to their homes; nor could Borough Councils hv thc R'aync Foundation, the Anne and provi(lc food for week-ends or at short notice J. ,here was a particularlv happy atmosphere Michael Soboll Charitable Trust and the Wolf­ in emergencies. g' the AJR Club's 17th Birthday Bring and son Foundation towards the £4i million needed j."y Sale, hold on February 25 at Hannah to rehouse the British Library of Political and For the past 18 months, many people have Tha i'"^*^' House and attended by 265 guests. Economic Science, for which an appeal has made use of and benefited from the AJR 5j^°iks to the generosity of donors, members been launched in London. Other donations Kosher Mealson-Wheels whicii are delivered tati ardent helpers, the sale achieved record received include £10,638 from the Annenberg in N.W. London and adjoining suburbs on jj^'ngs of £502-36. The AJR Club is e.speci- School of Communications and £10,000 from Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays by volun­ (j.y,'ndebted to the sale's organiser, Mrs. H. N. M. Rothschild and Sons. tary helpers. The meals are cooked and deep mpJl^r, for her devoted work, and to its loyal Professor S. N. Eisenstadt, of thc Hebrew frozen in individual plastic bags which only great • '^'''' ^' Greenwood, who collected a University's department of sociology, is on need immersion in boiling water for about amount of u.scful goods from his friends. tho project's international advisory committee. 30 minutes to be ready for eating. They can JarnThk Gertrud Schachnc Fund, the Margaret bo stored frozen for two days in ordinary fridges, for longer periods in the ice-making Hoj°coby-prgiej r Fund, and thc Ahava Children's MR. RICHARD A. EHRLICH. 85 l?|c in Israel will benefit from this mar- compartments of fridges or in freezers. There­ ^ellou s result. M. JACOBY. Mr. Richard A. Ehrlich, who recently cele­ fore, daily deliiveries lare not necessary. In brated his 85th birthday, has always taken cases of accident or sudden illness, a telephone "THE MISERY REMAINS" an acti\ e interest in Jewish affairs, and especi­ call to our offices will get tho meals .wheeling ally in the history of the Jews in the Province almost immediately. Self Aid Report f'f Posen. He himself was born in Rogasen. from where he moved to Berlin after the Our menus are as varied as possible. They stjlp ^'^ annual report, Self Aid of Refugees First World War. The " Posener Heimaf- consist of soups, moat or fish dishes, vege­ refi, ""^^t the fate of old, sick and penniless blactter ' were produced in his Berlin printing tables, potatoes, rice, spaghetti, noodles. They •0"eee•Hg^ees of long standinstanc" g may no longer be plant, and Mr. Ehrlich also contributed to are planned for the elderly, are not spiced nevpSj'^i'^yJ'orthy" but thatha t "the misery remains these publications as an author. During the or sally, and minced food can be provided on coj,"'"-'Jeless"coji^'^'jeless".. Due to the increase of living Secon(i World War ho and his wife, who died request. "•fiavheg^thv e demand on Self Aid funds arc as a few years ago, spent two years in tho "th^fl^ ever. The funds are required, among After some initial teething troubles our H. ^ as ever. The funds are required, among Thcresienstarit camp. Thoy later emigrated kitchen is now equipped to cater for larger hei>j ™ngs, for food, heating, clothing, home to the United States. Mr. Ehrlich now lives £5/A."'0lidavs and convalescence. Altogether numbers. As thc charge of 30p per meal is £24*Qn';!J'°lic''ays and convalescence. Altogether in the " Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for less than thc cost price, the AJR Charitable Pris'in *^^ distributed during the year, com- thc As;ed " in Roslindale, near Boston. We Trust Fund is subsidising this service, and ^PecSf regular allowances and grants for extend our sincerest congratulations to him. everybody belonging to the community of purposes. former Jewish refugees—not only AJR mem­ CORRECTION bers—can apply for M-o-W whenever he needs NEXT ISSUE In our March is.sue (page 8) wc published them. ?elav •^^'^"'cal reasons there will be a slight .1 review of a collection of poems (" Gedichte". Further information and application forms "^/R'T' '^'^^ publication of the next issue of O'.amenu, Tel Aviv POB 3002. £1). The name are available from Mrs. M. Oasson or Mrs. S. Copip: information'. Readers will receive their of the authoress is Stella (not Helga) Panke at 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.S ^'^ during the second week of May. RotcnbLTg. (624 9096/7).

Professor D. Ehrlich, the new Medical Director at the Bilcur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, has appealed to us for continually needed antibiotics, of which the following are but a few. 24 packs Penbritin Capsules 250mg oOO's £21.18 per pack 32 „ Penbritin Injectable 250mg 10's £2.25 „ The 53 „ Penbritin Injectable 500mg 10's E4.04 „ 60 ,, Penbritin Injectable 1gm 5's E3.64 „ 32 „ Penbritin Paed. Tablets 125mg 100's £3.80 „ performing 20 ,, Celbenin Injectable Igm 10's £3.38 „ 20 „ Renbritin Syrup 60ml E0.55 „ 50 „ Ampiclox Injectable 75mg 10's £1.42 „ Miracles 25 ,, Orbenin Syrup 60ml ... C0.74 „ The BIKUR CHOLIM HOSPITAL is the largest medical centre in the heart of Jerusalem and the oldest hospital ^y Silhouette in the Holy Land, treating young and old without distinction of race or colour. A new wing has now been established for brain-damaged and physically handicapped children. Please send whatever you can to the Hon. Secretary and member ol the Board of Governors, Rabbi Joseph Rosenfeld, The British Aid Committee, BCHJ, 146 Bishopsgate, London, EC2M 4JX. Tel.: 01-247 8885. Your donation will be gratefully acknowledged and faithfully applied towards the purchase of vital medicines. THEY NEED YOUR HELP Page 10 AJR INFORMATION April, 1973

BUBER EXHIBITION IN HAZOREA r^EWS FROM ISRAEL To mark tho 95th anniversary of Martin Buber's birth, a Buber Exhibition was held in the Wilfrid Israel Museum of Kibbutz YAD VASHEM HONOURS DUTCH CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES Hazorea. The venue was particularly appro­ Yad Vashem, the Martyrs' and Heroes' Re­ Public attention has been drawn to the issue priate, because there were few Jewish youth membrance Authority in Jerusalem, presented of Christian missionaries following attacks on movements in pre-1933 Germany on which 33 Dutch men and women with certificates for the alleged headquarters of missionary organi­ Buber had made such a strong impact as on saving the lives of Jews during the Gorman sations by young zealots, most of whom, the " Werkleute", from which the founders occupation o' Holland in the Second World aceording to tho police, were either members of the kibbutz stemmed. War. The certificates were' presented by Mr. or supporters of Rabbi Meir Kahane's Jewish The exhibits included loans from the Martin Hanan Bar-On. the Israeli Aniba:>sador to Hol­ Defence League. Dr. Zorah Warhaftig, Israel's Buber Archives of the Jewish National and land. He also presented certificates to the rep­ Minister for Religious Affairs, has called for University Library, among them photos, books, resentatives of five other Dutchmen honoured Cabinet action against Christian missionaries, brochures, periodicals, documents and letters. posthumously for rescuing Jesvs during tho particularly tho " Jews for Jesus " organisation One particularly interesting document, reflect­ Nazi occupation. which, religious circles say, has " infiltrated " ing tho world-wide response to Buber's work, Among the recipients were Jan and Miep young missionaries into Israel in the guise wias a letter by Knut Hammarskjold, the Gies and Elisabeth van Wijk-Voskuyl, who of Jewish immigrants. Estimates of the num­ nephew of the lato U.N. General Secretary. Were featured, respectively, as Henk and Miep ber of missionaries active in Israel vary be­ Dag Hanunarskjoeld. In this letter Hammar­ van Sunten and Elli Vogel in • The Diarv of tween a few thousand and a few hundred. skjold wrote that the luggage salvaged after Anne Frank". his uncle's fatal flying accident included a WOMEN IN POLITICS German and an English edition of Buber's ANCIENT SYNAGOGUE SWASTIKA In a research paper to be published soon. "Ich und Du". as well as twelve pages of Dr. Sheva Weiss, of Haifa University, draws Hammarskjold's first draft of a translation Archaeologists of tho Hebrew University attention to the " glaring imbalance " of Israeli into Swedish. and the Government's Antiquities Department women in politics. Although they comprise ha-e uncovered a mosaic at Ein Ge(ii depict­ 52 per cent of the population thoy have not RUSSIAN IMMIGRATION ing a swastika. The swastika, the first to achieved anything like commensurate repre­ A spokesman for the Intor-Govcrnmental appear prominently in an ancient synagogue sentation in the country's local and national Committee on European Migration (Icem) said decoration, was found in a mosaic pavement political offices. in Geneva that more than 31,000 Soviet Jews of the Ein Gedi Synagogue dating to the early Dr. Weiss says that the fact that Mrs. Golda emigrated to Israel last year and that the third century C.E. Meir, the Prime Minister, is a woman exodus appears to be unabated. . Swastikas as part of decorative composition has helped men to perpetuate the imbalance jn synagogues have been known before, but because they exploit her high position to DRUSE CONSUL this is the first one of such prominence found " keep women quiet''. Mrs. Meir could be Israel's first Druse Consul, 32-year-old Mr. displayed in a Jewish context. The swastika is assumed to having achieved her high position Ziedan Atashi. took up his post in New York an ancient ornamental form usually interpreted not because she was a woman but despite last September, where he has settled down as a symbol of thc sun. being one. with his wife, Zahiya, and their three children.

FAMILY EVENTS Rosenthal.—Mr. Leo Rosenthal Situations Wanted Personal (formerly Frankfurt a/Main), of WIDOWER, 60's, non-Orthodox, Entries in the column Family 105 Eton Hall, Eton College Road, ALTER.A.TIONS OF DRESSES, car and home owner, financially Events are free of charge. Texts London, N.W.3, died peacefully in etc., undertaken by ladies on our secure, 5ft. 4in., seeks widow/ should be sent in by the 15th of his 97th year. Sadly missed by his register. Phone: AJR Employment divorcee, 50-57, attractive, edu­ the month. daughter Lotte, and husband Agency, 01-624 4449. cated, domesticated, living Hamp­ Eugene Clifton, grandchildren and stead or near. Box 338. great-grandchildren and relatives. Acconunodation Vacant Deaths VIENNESE LADY, 51, living in Schmelz.—In deep sorrow we an­ Paris, good l(X)king, seeks kindly, Baumann.—Mr. Wilhelm Baumann, nounce the death of Regina YOUR OWN comfortable bedroom well established gentleman, pre­ of 5 Lansdowne Road, London, Schmelz (nee Steinhauer). and Slitting room with board in non- ferably French or German speak­ N.3 (formerly Elbing and Danzig), Moumed by her husband Samuel Orthodox Jewish house of charm­ ing, with a view to marriage. Please passed away peacefully on Febru­ Schmelz, daughter, Jenny Rosner ing and unique character. Con­ write Box 341. ary 21 in his 84th year. Sadly and family, Jerusalem, daughter, genial atmosphere, c.h. Would suit missed forever by his wife Mari­ Anne Cranley and family, Iladlet, educated, professional gentleman, MISSING PERSONS anne, children and grandchildren. Herts. The funeral was from Sanr 60-ish. London. N.W. Modest rent. hedria and she was buried in Har Box 339. Personal Enquiries Hamenuhot, Jerusalem. Cohn.—Mr. Karl R. Cohn, of 30 The Selka.—Ema Selka, bom about Grove. Finchley, London, N.3, Tell.—Mrs. Mary Tell (formerly Miscellaneous 1914. A former student of the passed away peacefully on March Wachtel, Berlin) died peacefully Kindergartnerinnen — und Hort- 6, shortly after his 75th birthday. on February 19, at Otto Hirsch MIDDLE-AGED LADY looks for nerinnensominar Bethanien Ln Deeply mourned by his wife, chil­ Hou,sc. aged 88 years. Deeply another lady to spend summer holi­ Breslau. Her mother. Else Selka, dren and grandchildren. mour.ned by her nephew, Wemer day with her, if possible abroad. lived in Breslau, Marthastr. 15; her G. Loewenstein in Kobe, Japan, Box 340. father was killed in the first world war. She came to England in Prank.—Mrs. Tilly Frank (nee and her numerous friends here and abroad. EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS 1944/5. Replies to: Gerda Nagel, Hanau) died in Berlin at the age nee Dittrich, formerly Glatz, now of 85. Deeply mourned, by her AND RESTYLING. All kinds of In Memoriani fur work undertaken by first-class D-3000 Hannover-Stocken, Stock- daughter, Dorothea Gotfurt, 50/6 ener Str. 157A, West Germany. Hall Road, London. N.W.8.. Hellman.—Stefan Hellman to be re­ renovator and stylist, many years' membered on his birthday on April experience and best references. Wiegand. — Mrs. Henriotte Wie­ 4 by his loving wife, children and Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 p.m. Knoch.—Mr. Max Knoch, of 3 gand, nee Rosenblatt, bom March grandchildren. — 2 Roundwood for appointments. Mrs. F. Philipp, 12, 1902, in Nieder-Ellguth, came Uoanswood Rise, Moortown, Leeds Drive, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill, 17 (formerly Broslau), passed away London, N.W.IO. to London in 1930. Wanted by her on March 3 after much suffering CLASSIFIED sister Anni Grossmann, nee Rosen­ Patientlv borne. Dearly beloved blatt, FehrbeUiner Str. 119b, 195 The charge in these columns is SMALL ORIENTAL RUGS ex­ Neuruppin, East Germany. husband" of Ellen, dear father of 15p for five loords. pertly repaired. Please phone be­ Henrietta, father-in-law of Har\'ey, tween 10.30 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. AJR Enquiry ^d grandfather of Stuart and Situations Vacant only 01-435 9806. Robert. Sadly missed by famUy Wolf.—Information is urgently re­ and friends. Women quired about near relatives of the PART-TIME HOME HELPS TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATIC late Otto Wolf, jeweller, first in PAIN, poor circulation, etc. Keep Le\'y.—Mrs. Alice Levy (nee Cas­ a-vaUable for shopping, cooking Frankfurt (original name of firm and compa^nionship. Please con­ fit by regular body massage and Istel) and later in Berlin, Rankestr. parius), of 46 Vidian Way, London, exercise. Also facials, skin care, N.2, died peacefully on February tact: AJR Employment Agency, 22, whose two sons emigrated to 01-624 4449. spot reducing, etc., by qualified London and Israel respectively. 14 at her daughter's house in Bris­ beautician. For appointment phone tol. Sadly missed by her children evenings, Mrs. Edith Friedmann, and grandchildren and by many MADE-TO-MEASURE 3 Hurstwood Road, Henlys triends. LUGGAGE Double knit Jersev wool and washable Comer, Goldors Green, London, HANDBAGS. UMBRELLAS AND drip-dry coats, dresses, suits arid trouser- N.W.ll. 01-455 6606. ALL LEATHER OOODS sults. Outsize our speciality. From £4.95p Oram.—The AJR Club moums the Inclusive material. Aiso customers' own TRAVEL GOODS material made UP- loss of one of its oldest members, GESUCHT: Hcinrich Zille. Carl H. FUCHS ^Irs. Ida Oram, and expresses its 'Phone: 01-459 5817 Spitzweg, Wilhclm Busch, Kaethe 2GT West End L«w. N.W.C deepest sympatjiy to her sister, Mrs. L. Rudolfer. Kollwitz und Zeitgenossen. Ange­ "Phone 435 2602 Mrs. E. .Auslaender. bote Box 342. ^JR INFORMATION April, 1973 Page 11 r 'I'On Larsen PROF. EUGEN ROSENSTOCKHUESSY Dr. Eugen Roscnttock-Hucssy, professor cmcritu.'-- of social philosophy al Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, author, historian and TWO AUTHORS FOR STAGE AND SCREEN jurist, has died. He was 84. Born in Berlin, he was professor of law at Broslau University until 1.933. In the 'twenties he lielped estab­ IN MEMORIAM lish work camps in Silesia. In thc United Slates he helped lo found the William James camp in Sharon, Vermont, where civilian con­ FREDERICK GOTFURT MAX MACK servation corps leaders wore trained. Himself a Protestant, Eugen Rosenstock ,^ jth Frederick Gotfurt, who died in At a time when thc children of my genera­ was tho grandson of a former director of the ' "don at the age of only 71, two distinct tion were barred from going into a cinema by Samson-Schulc in Wolfcnbucttcl, Dr. Moritz Periods Ihic Jugendverbot, except to see tfie most Koscnslock. He wa.s a friend of Franz Rosen­ I, •" '" the artistic history of our century zweig and Hans Ehrenberg, both of whom b '°^ their best potential chronicler: th' boi.-iing Kxdturfilme, there appeared a thiin book which opened to us, almost magically, also had family tics wilh leading educationists and ^^'^^'^c °^ the 1920s and eariy 1930s, of the Samson-Schule. Rosonslock's publica­ the gate to that fascinating, glamorous new tions cover a wide field of .scholarship, dealing ''"rit- British film of the post-war years, act. it was called Die zappelnde Leinwand, mainly wilh interpreting Western history and 'orm ^"^^^"'"'^ht was actively involved in the it was pubtshed im 1917, and its aui^ior was contemporary society. His more than 20 books With^'^-^"' ^^^^'^"'^^^ Gotfurt in the latter. a famous German film director by thc name include "Out of Revolution ". •'The Christian j,Q "'^ splendid critical faculties, his pcr- of Max Mack. Kuiure'', "Sociology", and "Correspondence with Franz Rosenzweig ". Phe" ''^^''^'•''^"ce and—last not least—his He has now died, well over 80, in London, Plo(j.°'"*^"al memory for authors and actors, as one of those refugees for whom exile had MR. GEORG DUCKWITZ Couijj ^"'' P''oducers, trends and directors he meant the end of a splendid career back home. Mr. Gcorg Ferdinand Diickwilz, who helped Peri ^^^ recreated and recorded those Ho was always rather secretive about his age, lo save thousands of Danish Jews from ''Ion i! ^°'' I'^^tcrity; alas, he was not given and neiiheu" ithe Zappelnde Leinwand nor his deportation, died in Bremen al the age of 68. 8n time. few subsequent books—the last of them was As the German trade atlach(2 in Copenhagen With a Sigh and a Smile: A Showman Looks during the Nazi occuoation of Denmark he eoiia? ^^'^"'te-garde theatre Jungc BUhne, in Back, pubifched in London in 1943—reveal any was in close touch with the Danish Resistance [•ator °''^''°" \^''th Moritz Seoler, Erwin Pis- autobiographical dates. It was music that in­ movement. At great personal risk he was 'irst m"'' other young enthusiasts was his able to warn thc Jews of their danger, so that terested him first at thc turn of the century— most of them were able to escape to Sweden. louji^^ajor venture, which brought him in and for a short while thc young man had the After the war Duckwitz was decorated by the Of Berr"'^ '^^ whole stage and literary life burning ambition of "becoming a leader of a Danish Governmenl for his courage, and from Icrt-^.*'"' '^"2 also founded the —of course great political mo\'cment", as he put it. Ho 1956 lo 1958 he served as West Gorman Am­ 0(lit(,j j^—PohticaJ cabaret Larifari and wanted lo change the world. Instead, he be­ bassador lo Denmark. In 1970 he rrccived 'eite^ i? critical literary revue, Der Feuer- came an actor, touring Germany in Shake­ the Hoinrich Stahl prize of the Jewish com­ Powe^ Shortly after Hitler had come to spearian parts and as Moritz in Wodekind's munity in West Berlin in gratitude for his «'if(> U"<^ left Berlin with his newly-wedded Friihlings Erivachen. Soon, he landed m films, actions in Denmark. ''aris h /°'^^^' settling for a short while in first acting, then screen-writing, and eventually MR. MARTIN H. LONG p ''^torc coming to London. directing. Mr. Martin H. Long, Hon. Secretary of the Pfoclup I ^8, he wrote most ol the revues Within the comparatively short time of 20 Ex-Service (1943) Associaiion, passed away ^(-•rnia^ , "^ '*''= ''"'*^ theatre of the Free in his 78th year. Before he came to this years ho was involved in over 200 films, most country, Mr. Long (formerly Locwenborg) was '% han, ^''Sue of Culture in London, and I oif them lightweight wilh titles such as Tau­ Jas 3|^*^-"y to say that I was his eo:author: it a partner in a well-known textile mail order send und eine Nacht, Die Blaue Maus, or Die firm. Max Loewonberg & Co., of his native ..''s n„,.*^'^'' ^" Gorman exile literature which Lieblirigsfrau des Maharadschah. But tlhere town of Leipzig. During the war, he joined "^atm u"''^" aroused the interest of the H.M. Forces but, after a short time, was dis­ ^j^'« hLstorians. were also some more memorable ones; Mack filmed Sudorman's Katzensteg, Paul Lindau's charged on medical grounds. When he retired ^eroy^j'^^ began Frederick Gotfurt's most pros- Der Andcrc and—^h;s last production in Ger- from business in 1956, he took over the posi­ tion as Hon. Secretary. Mr. Long will be missed Ih"'C, A,-.^^."ty years, as the scenario editor for mainy—Wilhielm Speyeir's Der Kampf der fli«re v:°^*^ted British Picture Corporation. not only by the officers and members of the Tertia, shot with 60 children on a North Sea Ex Sen'ice (1943) .Association but also by '"1 fiW^f^ ^^^S, series of famous and success- island, in a thoroughly international spirit- many other people who had the pleasure of suu„,.,,^5 ^y"ich he either wrote the scripts, He had other important achievements to his knowing him. '''''^n!i?-^''^'^"'Piat'"^^d' ^"^''fneirv/ritin'' ^'•ritings from Simenon's credit: he made the first film with .-Mbert MR. ALFRED PANOFSKY '" All'.'"" ^'''"^oi"' to Osbome's Look Back Basscnnann nnd tho first sound filir. with Hans '-orr.p'f^''- and from Priestley's The Good Albers. He niight have como to terms (though Mr. Alfred Panofsky, who recently died in '"^S/ioj"!.^ to w:ilis Hall's The Long and many other directors and actors failed) with Tucson, Arizona (U.S.A.), will be remembered ond the Tall by all who knew him as a most helpful, kind the talking screen had not the Nazi rd'gime and unassuming personality. In Berlin, where ''>bpr'"^"slated and adapted these and forced him to emigrate, first to Prague, then he lived until 1939. he was a partner of the J';.fectivei °^ other English plays most to Paris and eventually to London. He tried private banking house of Jacquier & Seciirius i^'th jij ^. l^r the German stage, together in vain to get back into thc film industry. His (founded in 1818 and "aryanised " in 1938). '"3nsla,^^''t^c Dorothea, now a playwright and last effort was the synopsis of a histoi'ical story During the difficult years under the Nazi set in 1492—when Columbus discovered thc regime Panofsky was Hon. Treasurer of the ^.''fempn'f '" ^'^^ 0^^'" right. After his Cenlral-Verein. wilh which he had already •"e firo- ""^ '^<^ ^BPC ho dramatised New World and the Jews were driven out of been associated before 1933 as a member of [H hl7,K^''« Karamazov for BBC TV, but Spain—with Isaac Abarbanel, King Ferdin­ Health the board. In his unobtrusive way he ren­ prevented him from continuing and's financier, as its hero. It was never dered most valuable services to the Jews in filmed. Gei-many when they were in great peril.

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Ken Arkwright (Western Aitatralia) INDUSTRIALISTS IN HANOVER The History of the Berliner Family In " Hannoversche Geschichtsblaetter " (New THE LAST DAYS OF BRESLAU Series, Volume 24, Issue 3/4), published by the City of Hanover, Dr. Albert Lef^vre examines the contribution made to techno­ The following report is a translated ex- an ardent venture, not so much because of the logical progress by Hanover's industries. trcLCt from an article by Ken Arkwright distance, but because of the constant insults The chapter on the electrical industry- is (formerly Klaus Aufrichtig), published to which we were exposed in the streets. headed by the three brothers Berliner : Emil in the Stptember 1972 issue of the The transports went on. In the middle of (1851-1929), Joseph (1858-1938) and Jacob "Mitteilungen des Verbandes ehemaliger 1944, the communal services were discon­ (1849-1918). They were the sons of Samuel Breslauer und Schlesier in Israel". tinued, but praying went on until one week Berliner who died in 1872. Emil, undoubtedly (Address: Erich Lewin. Ramat Gan. before I was deported to the labour camp. We the most outstanding of them, emigrated to Mazadastr. 27).—The Ed. met in the small room of carpenter Korotows- the U.S.A. in 1870 and in 1877 he invented ki in Fischergasse behind the Koenigsplatz. there the microphone for the telephone. When I was the last boy who was given the Kid- There were about 20 people. We could not sing he returned temporarily in 1881, he and his dush wine at the Friday evening service of the because our voices would have been heard in brother Joseph founded the first German tele Ncue Synagogue. One week later, when the the house. Wc entered the room one after the phone factory J. Berliner. As early as 1884 wholesale arrests of Jews went on, my father other and we left it one at a time, in order not the first long-distance call trials were made and I spent the entire day walking around on to make ourselves conspicuous. with apparatus supplied by this factory, be the Hardenberghuegel, in order not to be What happened to the remaining Jews? The tween Hanover and Magdeburg, Kassel anc found at home. We saw the burning cupola of organdsst Berger and his vvife, together with Frankfurt /Main. In 1883, Jacob Berliner joinec thc synagogue ur»til it suddenly disappeared; their young son and daughter, took cyanide in the firm as business manager. The microphone the pioneers had blown it up because it was in the Freundesaal. where, together with other and the telephone traflic developed rapidly danger of collapsing. Jews, they were assembled for deportation. In the 'nineties the demand grew to such ai The religious services were then held in the The aged conductor of the choir, Pulver­ extent as to necessitate the foundation o Freundesaal. They were always over-crowded. macher, and his wife, the former singer Jetka branches of the firm of Berliner in Vienna I used to sit next to the choir and could thus Finkenstein, gassed themselves in tihe Alsen- Berlin, Paris and London. watch the organist Berger and thc conductor strasse communal house, when ithey were due Sander. Later, the Storch Synagogue was re­ for deportation. The last communal rabbi. Dr. furbished, and the impossible happened; Reinhold Lewin and his wife, together with Pioneer of Telephone Liberals and Orthodox held their services on their daughter and their son Ulli, perished in Friday nights and Saturday momings in the the East. lit is reported that he was given the In 1877, Emil built and marketed hi same synagogue, one after the other. choice of being taken to Theresienstadt in­ " phonograph ", i.e. the first talking apparatus The memorial stone for the victims of the stead. Yet he said: "I go together with my con- Ten years later the gramophone arrived. I First World War, placed in the Neue Syna­ gregaition." the same year the Berliner telephone factor gogue, was moved to the anteroom of the At Chanucah 1944, when we were due for set up a gramophone recoi-d department. Storch Synagogue. Perhaps there was the naive transfer to Gross-Rosen concentration camp, Jacob and Joseph Berliner also promote hope that this evidence of patriotism might we still prayed in the labour camp. We stood the invention of another Hanoverian, the tel avert the catastrophe. For us Liberals tlie in the corner of the barrack and said the graph director Louis Hackethal, and in 19' memorial was the only visible reminiscence of Chanucah blessing. We had no candles. they founded the " Hackethal-Draht-Gese the burnt down Neue Synagogue. What followed for me was Gross-Rosen, four schaft". This firm produced insulated wir When the Storch Synagogue %vas confiscated months of hiding in Upper Franconia, and the which became important not only for tl to be used as a warehouse, the services were return, mainly on foot, to Breslau. The journey telegraph service but also for all kinds held in the weekday synagogue in the Wall- took from May to August 1945. The first Jewish electricity supplies. strasse, Liberals and Orthodox alternating. place I saw was the Kosel cemetery. There. One of the brothers of the three Berlinc Most of the seats had been removed. The room Russian soldiers searched for landmines, and was Manfred (Hanover. 1853-1931). He w was so crammed that it was hardly possible I did not dare to visit the graves of my grand­ director of a private commercial college. T to use a prayer book. Latecomers had to stand parents. The first signs of preserved houses youngest of his three children, Cora, who w on the landing. Forced labour, further restric­ and of survivors were at the Koenigsplatz. bom in 1890, became a professor at the Vo< tions and deportations made the services in­ About 80 former Breslau Jews met again. tional Education Seminary in Berlin and frc creasingly diflicult. The old differentiations be­ The services were resumed. We prayed in the 1933 onwards worked in a senior capacity tween Liberals and Orthodox lost their mean­ flat of Cantor Grabowski in the former Zim­ the " Reichsvertretung/Reichsvereinigung " ing. The Liberals had to put up with the merstrasse. One day, a drunken Russian soldier the Jews in Germany. She held out in G eUmination of the organ and mixed choir. The rang the bell of the flat, where my former Orthoflox had to shorten their service, for many and met her death after deportatic schoolmate Hannelore Cohn lived. Her mother Lefevre also mentions in his report t Whoever went home late was arrested in the opened the door and was shot dead without street. firm of S. Oppenheimer & Co. (scouring pc warning. For us this was the general signal ders and emery paper), and "Continenta Ultimately, the services were held in the to leave the town. There was transport by bus which was important for the local mbt conference room of the communal bulding in from Erfurt taking the Polish Buchenwald industry. The latter firm was founded in 1£ Wallstrasse. Unforgettable is the first day we prisoners back to Poland. We hired these under the name of " Continental Oaoutchuk had to wear the Yellow Star. We then lived in buses, and thus the remnants of the German Gutta Percha Compagnie" ; its founders Kopischsitrasse. This was considered as very Jewish community of Wrozlaw-Breslau were eluded Ferdinand .Meyer, Moritz Meyer. Dan elegant in comparison with thc quarters where ti-ansferred to Erfurt. Some stayed in Eastem Heineniann, Hermann Peretz and Jacob Fra meanwhile most other Jewish families had Gennany, whereas others later went on to been billeted. Yet the walk to the services was West Germany. E.G

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