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Acetle Acid on Pollen V, ;. Grain; Germination.» Artificial germination of Sorghum vulgare Pers. Pollen Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Humphrey, David Ford, 1934- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 11:53:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551560 MLTIF.IGIkL GERBOZATIGE . op v; . '■ ■■ SOHGHUM WLGAEE BES» POHEN fey ' ' . David Ford Hwaphrey & ffeesis Submitted t®. the Fasti.ty ©f the . DEPARTMENT 0F PEAIMT BREEDING In Partial Fulfillment ®f the. Eequirements , _ ... For the Degree of ; MSTER OF'SCIENCE In the Graduate College .SHE UNIVERSITY CF-ARIZCEA STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library* Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made* Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship* In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author* SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: o -j? Professor of Plant Breeding > e ' ii ; ■ : . • : AGKNCELSDGHENTS The author wishes io eapress his sincere appreeiaSieB to Dre Lee Se Stith ;©f the- Department of Plant Breeding for eon# tributing helpfnl adviee^ suggestionsg and assistance during the preparation of this manmseripte Appreeiation is also extended to the Botanj Department for mse of laboratory faeilitles and equipments To Dra Bebert Harris of the Botany Department my heartfelt thanks for the photomierographs presented in this paper and also for the many rewarding diseussioms® ' ' ' - ' To my eQlleagne2 Mr0 John Nelson^ sineere gratitude is extended to him. for his aid in the preparation of portions of this thesis*. - To all my fr±@ad% who in any w y assisted me in the ' writing of this manuscripts thankse ill ■r. TABIE OF CONTE1HS Page fflTRODUGTlOlo O O O O O O O = O O O O o o o O O 1 LITERATURE REVIEW » =• O O & O O © © ■ © o o o o O O • o O © , - '■ ^ , ;,-4- ' : m m i i m methods © b © ,p' © ©‘ o o o' o o o ° ° 7 Sourceof Pollen ©■ o o © © © o o © o. o o "is : Test' "OondltloBS o . ©. O © p © ©» O O O O O o IS , SialnabijLity 0 o Po oO Os o© o-O o,.o0 o © o o o o 15 Attempts at Germih'atiori"' and 'Seseription' of Methods o © 16 Sitheits: aid, FoIIination: o . © , O . O'© d © 16 Germination Under Natural'Field Conditions ■ o Germination Under.Greenhouse Conditions = » o ; i l . " - , Chemical' Solutions nsed on Eollen" Grains » « » i 18 .FlSH.'b SXbrBGtiS" © o © © /© © © o o ; © o' © o o o © o 19 Ghemieals xn Agar.o » o- *, o * * « * * o,- . o o: o e O © ; : 21, Paraffin Stmdibg' o 0"o 7 o'''o: F' o'"o'. v ; ;'7V © o o o 21. Effeet of Mght bn Pblleh Germination in vivo © © 22 Effect of Light en Pollen Geminatibn" in t o O l e l d o * ' 25 . / The'Pollen. Grains'Expbsed’to Air « o Z l 6 o * 7 * © © 2# tr»T~jpvt jtii *y"T*r cyt J** * • *' -■ — ' v - j j ^ - y ' . ' » - i* - * ' ■* •' u j%E*DUlaU|* © © © O . ©A O © ;© O © © d'. > O' © p . © © > © O 0 0 , 0 © O d " 0 26 a l* - -I’ -» ^ * * • r ‘ » i- . StalhBiliif telt 7'7 7 © ©. o © o o ■ ©1 o 0 © 26 Studies nith Solutions © o © © 27 •PblIen'Gerainatx©n'7: '77 ' i 7 7 ‘ 7 I I I 1 I I J O © ■37; Hhmidity CSaiber'Results 7 7 ; » e 7 : 7' ©' 'o o o So : Light Control GHamSert o 7 ‘o q o. o o o. o © © • O' © 50 • Light Gontroiled'Field Study : 8 o : o o ,o 7o © - d 51 Pollen Exposed to 'Air7 0 7 7. 0 = o 7 7 o.7 o A ss :BlBGtBSICEa.;'e » f- o o'; i..: 7 e 7 : 7: 7;7. 7 7 A./ i S6 .m g 'goncsjsiono o © 55 0 o © o O o © o © 55 Observations b ■' ; © ' d . 6o ;■ © o - o o © o b. o o o o 7 © 56 MIBmiUEB CITED © O O . o o 58 '7 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Pag® 1 OonceHtrations ©£ Sugar and Salts Salt and Gelatin^ and. Plant _Exfcraet0 . Tueson9 .Arizona « •July5 i^6l» «• 0 O C 0 *:». O, 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 © ffi 20 2 Per Oent Humidity at Given’Temperature Within a Glosed Sp.aee When an Exoess . of the Substanee ' Indicated, is in Gontaet with a Saturated Aquecus Solution of the Gifen Solid Phase » © s . ©. © o © 23 3 Per Gent of Stainable . Pollen Grains for 8 day Periodo Tueaons Arizona > August$ 1961 © . • ©' = o 29 k Per Gent; Belative Humidity .in Sorghum Field at Campbell Avenue Farm© ■ Tucson5 Arizona „« .August* 196l e 0 0 O O O 0,'. 0 O 0,0 0 0 0 © O O . 0 O O O 0 < 30 5 . Temperature (0pe.) in Sorghum Field at Campbell . Avenue'Farme -; Tucson* Arizona -,*». August^; l96io- © © 30 6 Comparison of Temperature (0G<s) Be corded Inside. loriaal lags and Black Bags.:¥sed t® Gover porghum Heads © ; Tucson* Arizona ® September* 1961 © © © © At T • Comparison of Seed Weight of - Sorghum Seed Pro# duced Wnder Efermal Pollination Bags and Black ; iagse _ Tucson* Arizona » September* I96I0 .0, 0; 0.'A A3 ':fp- LIST OF FIGURES Hgu^e - . Page 1 Shewing relationship (average) between stainable goilems relative :hui8ieiitys an4 temperature for . eight' dayso Tuesons Arizona « July^, 1961=, o l » 31 2 Per sent stainable pollen grains for each of five ■■■■’. dajsc, Tuesons Arizona •» Julys 1961a 1 ». => o -o « => 32 3 Showing daily relationship between stainable pollen grains„ relative humidity9 and temperature under field eonditions o Tue sons ^riz ona e <, =, o «, e 0 0 o 33 4 Showing daily relationship between, stainable pollen grainss relative humiditys and. temperature under field GOBditibnSd fues©ns Arizona 0 o » ® 0 « @ 0 ®, 33 5 Showing daily relationship between stainable pollen grains g relative humidity^ ‘and temperature under field conditionso luesons Arizona 2 > 0 o » » » ® o 3H 6 . Showing' daily relationship between stainable pollen 1 grainsg relative humidity^ and temperature under field conditions^ Tucson. Arizona . «, „ e 0 0 ® o ® ; 3k 7 Showing daily relationship between stainable pollen • grainsg relative humidify =, and temperature under . • field ooaditionse Tucson. Arizona o o e e o * '» Q e 35 ■ . :: ' ' " \\\ ; ' ' 8 , Showing daily relationship between stainable - poUen grains^ relative humiditys and temperature under . field conditionso Tucson^ Arizona » „ 0 =, . = <, » 35 9 Showing daily relationship between stainable pollen grains^ relative humidity^ and temperature under field condition So ' Tucson g Arizona » <,'«■■«; 0 0 e «, 0 36 10 Showing daily relationship between stainable pollen grainsa relative humidityg and temperature under field condition So Tucson. Arizona » 0 e •» . o'* 36 11 Eelationship of per cent pollen germination to per cent of total pollen grains that shrink upon ex* pesmre to aire Tucsons Arizona ». Augustg 1961 « «, 0 kS . ‘ ' v i : ' ■; iism op . Elate Page 1 (Soggfcim Tolg^e) slowing(1) '(2 ) eMne'^'' fakre pere^ and (Ui the. start of'pollm tube' . growtho , X; 1000 o- O' © 0 O O O O O 0 © © -■ . ©--- -V-V© -y© 6 38 2 - (Sorgiatam TOlgaye) pdHen iuBe/ ggewlfog' perieliiiial ' '' t© tiie exme o X. 800 o o a © • ©■ © o © © - © - © © © © © 38 : 3'■■ terminating pollen tubeQ. X 600© © © © © © © © . © © 39 ? - ■- r - - , - v ... , . , ■ - ' . ■: : ■ ■ : ' . : -■ ■: ; k Mature pollen tube© X 500 © © © i © © © © © © © © 39 , ■' v i i BMEWSIO! urssis sergaroBj, aerem*..va&gar@ :\&gasr®ois o^ajag aua«3ug@®@m@ to E@p^ m s ®a@Bg the earliest ®f il M plmis is Ibe dLemesidLeatei. aad latilised as hmaam feed aad as feed for iiwstoek (Martia ■2,939}® Qraia ser^i* is aa aaattala m m s@as©as shert^dgg-g. aitesgea® pesitiw grass plant grew on all @®®tia«ts ea a total of mere than 88 Billies seres b jfiihemgh grsw as aa aanmali, s e r ^ w tea bmu aaiataimed is a germaial f@r as leag as six years la - the field im Seathezm Calif©rai® and for thirteem years in a . gr@emhe%@® (?iaal> 1 Siephmsp. and Martin 1936) and (Martim Ifljl m d 19$l) o ScMP^tom is grom #iefly f@r grain tet the stalks are lmg)ertmt . as £@rag@o fh@ erashed from the stalks @f @met serghm varieties is need t© , f® ftilf appreeiat® sad mderstaad s®rghwa9...„th@ reader shenlS, have a tetanieal h#@kgr©nnd @f # e planto S @ r ^ m : hel@ngs t# the family .Sraaaiiieae$> tribe jtodrepegenaeo The eal^yated, sorghms b®l@ng t@ @a#_ ^pe@iess Ser#mm ..'rolgare^ %Ai@h iB^mdes,. sneh diverse types mi the f@[email protected] (1) s o r ^ w f@r .grain (grain s©rghm)p (S) s®rghw fer fiber (brew. @@rm)g (3) serghw f@r grass (mdaagrass)p and (k) serghwt f©r ferag# (@©rg©)o She grass serghms are too kindsj the mltivated #mm@l# smdaneae©) ©essmonly kn@m as md@mgr&@@p and the perepaial halepense) ©@»©aly te@m as Jehnsengrass (jftrtashenger 29k®) am# (tfard 3961)6 $1® sergtam plaat. is a ©ears® amm@3L ©mlms tee t® fifteea feet md" semetises »re im Wighto The swfaee ®f the ©timss sheaths^ aad leaws ar® glateettSo A leaf asls at e@@h Bede alternates ®n .©ppesite sides if the st@Be • The leave# appear in a plane© A ted Is f@m@d at ®a@h md@ ®f the ©tijas esasept the terMnisl ©as® The 1b= ' fl@res©@n@e ©f ser^mm is a paaiele ©f varying sia® and density t-dth many teanehes tern ®a a hairy assis© The; sessile spikelets are p@rfe@t and mssally fertile tet the pedieellate florets are sterile @r stamiaat®© The le@fiaa and paisa are thin and.
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