Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia Department of Higher Education and Science

To: The Center for Evaluation of the Quality of Higher Education The Rīga Humanities Institute of the University of Latvia Brīvības Boulevard 32 Rīga LV-1050, Latvia

Application for Accreditation of a Higher Professional Education Program in Political Science (Available Degree: Political Scientist 2443 09)

These materials have been prepared by the director of the study program, Dr. Daina Bāra, and Docent Žaneta Ozoliņa. The application for accreditation of the higher professional education program in political science has been accepted by the director of the LU RHI, Dr. Andris Runcis.

MINUTES OF A MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE RĪGA HUMANITIES INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA December 21, 1998 No. 1/1-46 Excerpt

The chairman: Docent Andris Runcis The secretary: Irina Solovjova Participants: Docent Daina Bāra, Docent Žaneta Ozoliņa, Docent Silva Seņkāne, Professor Ilga Apine, Docent Inta Tiltiņa, Docent Feliciana Rasjevska, Docent A. Stepanovs, Docent J Nikiforovs, Docent Natalija Līce, Professor Zelgalvis, Professor Frolova, Professor Beļčikovs, Professor Figurnovs. Agenda: 1. Preparation of the Institute for accreditation 2. Consideration and acceptance of the higher professional education study program in political science in pursuit of the degree of political scientist (244309) 3. Consideration and acceptance of the higher professional education study program in socio-psychology in pursuit of the degree of assistant to a social psychologist

1 4. Consideration and acceptance of the higher professional education study program in finance management in pursuit of the degree of financial structure unit manager (12303). [..] 2. The Council hard a report from the director of the higher professional education study program in political science, Žaneta Ozoliņa, who submitted and analyzed the program, discussing the further development possibilities of the program. The Council decided to accept and recommend for accreditation the higher professional study program in political science in pursuit of the degree of political scientist (2444309). [..] This excerpt from the minutes of the LU RHI Council meeting is correct. I. Solovjova Council Secretary, LU RHI December 21, 1998

2 CONTENT 1. Results of the self-evaluation of the LU RHI higher professional education program in political science (in pursuit of the degree of political scientist, 2443 09); 2. The plan for the LU RHI higher professional education study program; 3. The program of the LU RHI higher professional education program in political science (in pursuit of the degree of political science 2443 09); 4. Description of the study courses in the LU RHI higher professional education study program in political science; 5. The Curriculum Vitae of the instructors in the LU RHI higher professional education study program in political science.

Appendices 1. The regulations of the LU RHI; 2. A comparison of the sub-programs of the LU RHI political science program with analogous programs; 3. The political science study program at Arhus University; 4. The European studies program at Turku University; 5. Yearly projects and the bachelor’s thesis; 6. The matriculation examination; 7. Methodological study materials.

3 RĪGA HUMANITIES INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA

THE HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE IN PURSUIT OF THE DEGREE OF POLITICAL SCIENTIST 2443 09

RESULTS OF SELF-EVALUATION RĪGA, 1999

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA RĪGA HUMANITIES INSTITUTE 1.1. The role of the Department of Political Science in the structure of the Rīga Humanities Institute The LU RHI operates in concert with the Latvian law on higher education (which has been in force since December 1, 1995) and the Constitution of the University of Latvia (May 15, 1991). The LU RHI is an institution of higher education that was founded by a legal person on June 8, 1994. Its goal is educational work. On April 6, 1996, the RHI and the University of Latvia concluded an agreement on cooperation, while on December 3, 1996, the two sides signed a protocol of intent with respect to the integration of the RHI into the University of Latvia. On July 15, 1997, an agreement was concluded on the basic principles of this integration process. On December 20, 1996, the RHI received license No. 04018, which granted it the right to establish an enterprise and to create academic study programs in psychology, economics and political science, registering the enterprise in the Company Register of the Republic of Latvia. On September 26, 1997, the limited liability enterprise “Latvijas Universitātes Rīgas Humanitārais institūts” was established. The governing institutions of the LU RHI, according to the institute’s internal regulations, are the Council, the director and the executive director, and the audit commission. The RHI Council is made up of tenured professors at the institute whose full-time job is at the RHI; the directors of the study programs; representatives from the academic personnel of each department who are appointed for three-year terms; a representative of the general personnel of the institute; and three students from the student government of the institute.

4 The goal of the LU RHI is to ensure students an opportunity to obtain an academic and professional higher education, developing the respective branches of science and tending to the overall culture of students in order to maintain and to establish the intellectual potential that the Republic of Latvia needs and to promote its development. The Department of Political Science of the LU RHI employs, on a contractual basis, instructors from the Faculties of History and Philosophy, Journalism, Law and Economics of the University of Latvia. Also participating in the implementation of the program are leading specialists in public relations and European Union issues. The structure of the LU RHI consists of three departments: the Department of Psychology, the Department of Economics and the Department of Political Science.

1.2. The study program The goal of the professional study program is to provide a basic academic education in political science during the first two years, which conforms to the standards that have been set out by the Board of Rectors of the University of Latvia. In addition, the program provides specialized knowledge about European affairs and public relations that is closely linked to practical work. Students underpin their theoretical knowledge about the EU and public relations by serving an internship at government institutions that elaborate and implement Latvia’s policy of EU integration, as well as in private companies that work in the field of public relations. The professional study program has been set up with the following missions in mind: 1. To ensure the learning of academic and professional knowledge and skills in political science, European affairs and public relations; 2. To promote simultaneous development of theoretical knowledge and practical skills during the learning process, thus preparing students for effective and rapid involvement in their professional careers, ensuring their competitiveness in the job market; 3. To create favorable conditions for the academic and practical work of students, promoting the expansion of their overall level of culture, as well as the qualitative learning of professional knowledge; 4. To help students to apply their academic knowledge in practice, promoting a synthesis between theory and practice; 5. To ensure the successful involvement of students in international institutions and international companies.

5 The program volume is 200 credit points. The program is made up three separate parts: 1) The basic academic courses in political science: a) Mandatory courses (Section A; 113 credits or 57%); b) Optional courses (Section B; 64 credits, 32%); c) Free electives (Section C; 23 credits, 11%). 2) Specialization: a) European studies; b) Public relations. 3) Practical seminars to facilitate the learning of professional abilities and skills, as well as an internship (five weeks in the 9th semester) in the chosen specialty. A bachelor’s thesis must be defended at the completion of the study program. The program is intended for completion in 10 semesters. Studies in the political science professional studies program are provided by instructors from the University of Latvia, by guest lectors from Latvia and other countries, and by specialists in European affairs and public relations from Parliament, the European Integration Bureau, the Foreign Ministry of Latvia, the PHARE Program, and private enterprises. Upon successful completion of the study program, students are awarded a degree in political science.

1.3. Matriculation To become a student in the political science program at the LU RHI, one must: ? Be a citizen or permanent resident of the Republic of Latvia or a citizen of another country or a stateless person resident in Latvia irrespective of gender, social and property status, race and nationality, political views, religious conviction and employment status; ? Be a graduate of a general secondary education program; ? Pass a written test, “Introduction to political science” (the text of this test is appended to this document). Admission to the program is done on a competitive basis in concert with the number of points earned by each applicant. In 1998, there are 146 students attending the political science program of the LU RHI.

Students and graduates of the LU RHI

6 Year Number of students First year 59 Second year 35 Third year 29 Fourth year 23 1998 graduates 17

1.4. Academic personnel The political science study program is taught by instructors from the University of Latvia, mostly from the Faculty of History and Philosophy, the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Law and the Department of Journalism and Communications, as well as other leading researchers and practitioners in the respective fields. There are also guest lectors from foreign countries. The following people are currently instructors at the Department of Political Science of the LU RHI: Professor Ilga Apine, corresponding member, Latvian Academy of Sciences Professor Miķelis Ašmanis, University of Latvia Professor Ābrams Kļeckins, University of Latvia Professor Pēteris Laķis, Latvian Academy of Culture Associate Professor Silva Seņkāne, Latvian Academy of Culture Docent Andris Runcis, University of Latvia Docent Daina Bāra, University of Latvia Docent Feliciāna Rajevska, University of Latvia Docent Žaneta Ozoliņa, University of Latvia Docent Ojārs Skudra, University of Latvia Docent Vsevolods Kačāns, University of Latvia Docent Juris Prikulis, Latvian Academy of Sciences Docent Jānis Načisconis, University of Latvia Docent Baiba Šavriņa, University of Latvia Docent Anita Plotka, University of Latvia Docent Inara Krūmiņa, University of Latvia Docent Kaspars Kalnciems, University of Latvia Docent Andra Laķe, Latvian Academy of Culture Lector Aina Rubīna, University of Latvia Lector Valdis Bergs, University of Latvia

7 Lector Mihails Rodins, University of Latvia Lector Inta Kakse, University of Latvia Lector Inita Birzniece, University of Latvia Lector Inta Sabūrova, University of Latvia Lector Dace Jansone, Eurofaculty Lector Daunis Auers, Eurofaculty Lector Sandris Grasis, Finance Ministry Lector Līga Andersone, Foreign Ministry Lector Ivo Alehno, European Integration Bureau Lector Signe Sole, Foreign Ministry Lector Daina Bleiere, Latvian Academy of Sciences 66% of instructors are from the University of Latvia, 34% are specialists and instructors from other institutions. There is also an administrative secretary at the department.

2. THE CONCEPT, GOALS AND MISSIONS OF THE LU RHI POLITICAL SCIENCE STUDY PROGRAM The title of the study program: ? Politoloģija (Latvian) ? Political science (English) ? Politikwissenschaft (German) When Latvia began the process of moving from a totalitarian regime to a democratic society, it became important to rain specialists in those sectors that did not exist in our society previously. Political science is among these. Society encountered an acute need for practicing politicians and civil servants of a high level, as well as scientists and academics in the respective field. The first steps toward developing political science were taken by the Department of Political Science of the University of Latvia. When the transition period began to come to an end, however, and when Latvia began irreversibly to be linked to the European community of democratic countries, the essence of the demand for political scientists began to shift. Along with the strengthening of political science as a field of study in Latvia, there was increased and more varied demand for political scientists with wide-ranging knowledge who could help to form an understanding about politics, as well as for practitioners in political science who could apply their theoretical knowledge effectively in practice. Other political

8 science programs in Latvia train specialists at the general level, but the LU RHI program is unique in terms of its being multidisciplinary. Its concept is based on the provision of fundamental knowledge in political science over the course of the first two years. Given the increasing need for specialists in concrete areas of this specialty, however, students are offered two options for specialization. The first is European affairs, which is an important field given Latvia’s rapid movement toward the EU – a process that dictates the need for a greater range of specialists who are involved in these matters. The role of this specialization will increase all the more once Latvia becomes a member of the European Union, when Latvian citizens will have to become involved in resolving EU-related issues at the national, the regional and the all-Union level. The second specialization is public relations, and the LU RHI offers a fundamentally new approach to this sector. Public relations in Latvia have exclusively been based so far on the communications sciences, thus limiting the understanding that people have about what public relations really are and narrowing the range of operations of this sector. The sub- program that is offered by the LU RHI has been set up with the goal of preparing specialists with in-depth knowledge in political science and public relations who could do work at the scientific and professional level in this field of operations. The program that is offered by the Department of Political Science of the LU RHI is the only one in Latvia to provide a professional education in political science, thus allowing students to underpin their theoretical knowledge with professional skills. This will happen through the professional qualification projects that students will prepare, as well as through the internships that they will serve at institutions that are linked to their selected field of study. (A brief review of the program can be found in Section 1.2 of this document, while a full text of the program is contained in the accreditation materials.) The mission of the Department of Political Science of the LU RHI is to prepare professionally educated political scientists with a specialization in European studies and public relations for work in government institutions (Parliament, ministries, the state chancellery), private structures (banks, consulting firms, other companies), political parties, public organizations, international organizations, higher and secondary educational institutions and various other institutions as specialists to maintain contacts with society. A student of the LU RHI who has completed the higher professional education program in political science must be able to: ? Analyze the political situation in the world, the region or the country, evaluating the motivations for activities by political actors, the process of taking decisions, the methods

9 for implementing decisions, the elements of the political process itself, the various channels of reciprocity, and the consequences of all of these factors; ? Evaluate public thinking, the factors that affect it, the developmental trends in the area and the possible options for forming public opinion; ? Make forecasts of political and social situations, predicting the influence of specific events, phenomena and documents on the political process and on public opinion; ? Be familiar with the construction, governing structures and decision-making mechanisms of the European Union, analyzing the developmental trends of the EU and specifying their influence on political processes in Latvia and its place in international processes; ? Be familiar with public relations, which are used to ensure that national interests are transformed in the world, and the images of the state, its institutions and its various organizations are established.

3. THE CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY PROGRAM 3.1. Organization of the higher professional educational program in political science 3.1.1. The duration of studies: five years 3.1.3. In order to obtain the degree in political science, a full-time student must: ? Obtain the necessary number of credits from Section A of the program (mandatory courses – 57% of the total number of credits, or 113 credits); ? Obtain the necessary number of credits from optional courses (32%, or 64 credits); ? Obtain the necessary number of credits from free electives (11%, or 23 credits); ? Write and defend yearly projects; ? Write and defend a bachelor’s thesis; ? Successfully complete an internship. 3.1.4. In implementing the professional study program, it is necessary to monitor the succession of academic courses semester by semester so that the process of learning is as systematic as possible. Students can choose elective courses from other university faculties, as well as from other higher education or scientific institutions, gaining previous approval for this process from the director of the study program. 3.1.5. All study courses are intended to be one semester long (16, 32 or 64 contact hours), although in specific cases a course may be two semesters long, accordingly each

10 subject involves two or four contact hours per week, with 20 contact hours (10 classes) in total in each week. Academic subjects: Academic studies take place in the sectors of political science, with the specialization of European studies or public affairs. The program includes basic courses of study in order to strengthen, deepen and broaden fundamental knowledge in political science and better to prepare for the selected specialty. Academic and general subjects are divided up into mandatory courses, optional courses and free electives.

4. STUDIES AND EVALUATION The implementation and completion of the higher professional education program involves a variety of instructional methods: ? Lectures ? Seminars ? Colloquia ? Examinations ? Group projects and discussions ? Development, defending and opposition of projects ? Reference materials ? Conferences ? Independent research under the leadership of instructors Instructors use the following methods to evaluate the level of knowledge: ? Weekly seminars ? Written tests ? Mid-term examinations ? Colloquia ? Discussions ? Consultations ? Defense of and opposition to papers ? Pass-fail methods ? Final examinations

5. ENSURING AND MANAGING THE STUDY PROGRAM

11 5.1. The external pre-requisites for the study program After the independence of the Latvian state was restored, a great demand arose in society for specialists with knowledge and skills about political processes – people who are well-versed in this area of the sciences. People with degrees in political science are working in government institutions (parliamentary deputies, civil servants in ministries and at the state chancellery) in non-governmental organizations (the Latvian NGO Center, the European Movement in Latvia, etc.), in private structures (consultants at banks and businesses), in international organizations (the OSCE mission, the EU office in Latvia, the UNDP), and in the academic field. Political science is one of the most popular specialties in Latvia, and the number of students who wish to pursue this field of study is increasing constantly. Given that Latvia is becoming more and more involved in international processes, especially in the context of the EU and of the related expansion of political operations within the country, there will be an increasing demand for thoroughly trained professionals with specialized knowledge.

5.2. The material and technical aspects of the program The Department of Political Science of the LU RHI is housed in the facilities of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at Brīvības Boulevard 32 in Rīga, occupying offices 60, 63, 64 and 66, with a total floor space of 99 square meters. The department has also rented and renovated auditoriums at Brīvības Boulevard 32 and Baznīcas Street 5, and these have been equipped with modern technical systems. Also underpinning the study process: ? The library of the University of Latvia; ? The library of the Department of Political Sciences (the LU RHI has provided financial support to the library and is helping to supplement its collection with textbooks); ? A computer classroom that is being leased at Aspazijas Boulevard 5; ? Three copying machines; ? Five projectors. The material and technical structure of the study program is not yet adequate, but as the LU RHI develops, there are all kinds of opportunities to make improvements in this field. As the number of students increases, the material and technical situation at the library will certainly improve. There are also plans to set up a computer classroom at the RHI for the use of students.

12 5.3. Methodological aspects of the study program Students of the Political Science Department of the LU RHI have access to the collection of the University of Latvia library, as well as of the social sciences library that is located in Room 73 of Brīvības Boulevard 32. They also can use materials from the Latvian National Library. Students in the European studies sub-program can also access materials from the European Documentation Center, which is housed in Room 73 of Brīvības Boulevard 32. The European Integration Bureau library is found at Basteja Boulevard 14, and the European Commission’s information center is at Torņa Street 4. Students can also use the Eurofaculty’s library. All of the libraries have periodicals in Latvian and other languages. In order to provide a textbook for the study process, LU RHI instructors in 1993 wrote the book Demokrātijas pamati (Foundations of Democracy). In 1994 the book was translated and published in Russian. In 1998, on the basis of the aforementioned book, a new study resource, “Ievads politikā” (Introduction to politics), was released in cooperation with the Latvian Foreign Policy Institute. Instructors have also developed methodological study materials that have been published in the form of textbooks with financial support from the TEMPUS scheme: Feliciāna Rajevska’s Ievads politikas analīzē (Introduction to political analysis), Valda Berga’s Ideoloģijas (Ideologies), and Mihails Rodins’ Salīdzināma politika (Comparative politics). Another textbook, Latvijas drošības politikas reģionālās izvēles (Regional choices for Latvian security policy), has been prepared by Docent Žaneta Ozoliņa. It must be said, however, that the volume of study materials in the Latvian language remains too low, and student questionnaires point to this consistently. This is because of relatively little experience in political science in Latvia. Instructors must in the near future work on preparing methodological texts in the Latvian language, and later these could be used to develop full-fledged textbooks.

5.4. Financing sources for the study program Studies at the LU RHI in 1998/1999 academic year are being financed with money from natural and legal persons in Latvia. The tuition in the first semester was Ls 225, while the tuition in the second semester is Ls 240. The amount of tuition is specified by the Council of the LU RHI.

13 The internal regulations of the LU RHI speak to the institute’s financing sources. Income comes from tuition, from scientific agreements, from economic operations, from publishing, from donations from legal and natural persons, from gifts and from subsidies.

5.5. Management of the studies The study program’s implementation is organized by the Council and headed by the program director. In order to ensure and facilitate the quality of the newly established program, all of the instructors who work at the department are called together for a meeting at least once a semester do discuss the way in which the work is proceeding, the main difficulties that have been encountered, and the improvements that could be engendered. The Political Science Department of the LU RHI also has a study program management committee, which is made up of the director of the LU RHI, the program directors, and three student representatives.

5.6. Research and creative work by staff and students The instructors of the LU RHI Department of Political Science all participate in research work. Nearly all of the instructors are involved in local grants, international projects and contract work. The instructors have also received various highly rated international scholarships: British Council stipends have been granted to docents Bāra, Ozoliņa and Runcis and lector Bergs; Fullbright scholarships have gone to Bāra, Ozoliņa and Rodins; NATO scholarships have been awarded to Ozoliņa, Runcis and Rodins; Nordic research scholarships have gone to Bāra, Runcis, Rodins and Rajevska; and a Volkswagen Fund stipend has been received by Ozoliņa. The main research projects in which LU RHI Political Science Department instructors have participated are: 1. “The Baltic States on the road to democracy”, which was conducted in cooperation with the Baltic and Nordic governments (1991-1993); 2. “The Latvian elite in the transitional period”, a joint Latvian-Norwegian project (1991-1997); 3. “Parliamentary governance in Latvia”, in cooperation with Norwegian colleagues (1991-1996); 4. “Electoral behavior in Latvia” (1992-1995); 5. “Democratization in Latvia”, financed by the Council of Europe (1996); 6. “Political activity in Latvia” (1992-1997);

14 7. “Public support for education” (1996); 8. “The political process in Latvia since the restoration of independence”, ordered by the Latvian Foreign Ministry (1997). LU RHI instructor and program director Daina Bāra has set up a Public Relations Center that serves as an academic research facility and that involves leading experts from the sector, as well as students, in its work. The center will be able to serve as a successful organizational and experimental laboratory in implementing the program specialization of public relations, as well as in underpinning the professional program. Students will have an opportunity to strengthen their theoretical knowledge in practical skills and to engage in their own professional projects. Docent Žaneta Ozoliņa, for her part, has set up a political discussion club, the goal of which is to invite students to participate in a professional and creative discussion about important issues in the area of Latvian-EU relations. The discussions have already attracted a number of well-known experts and public officials (Gunārs Meierovics, Ainārs Dimants, Rolands Lappuķe, Juris Āboltiņš), as well as foreign ambassadors in Latvia (Ludwig van Ulden and Knut Thorasen). Members of the LU RHI Political Science Department’s discussion club have met with Latvian President Guntis Ulmanis, and club member Kristīne Doroņenkova, under the leadership of Žaneta Ozoliņa, has prepared a publication about Europe’s common foreign and defense policy. Students from the LU RHI Political Science Department regularly participate in the implementation of research projects through such instructional courses as “Quantitative methods”, “Elections analysis” and “SPSS”. During the course of these classes students independently collect primary-source social information about a variety of issues and then process it with computer programs in order that the results can be interpreted and analyzed.

7. Quality assurance and guarantees The qualitative development of the LU RHI Political Science Department’s faculty and study program cannot be seen separately from the overall trends, problems and opportunities of the development of Latvia’s educational system. The foundation for this qualitative growth is, at first glance, troubling – the fact that political science as a field of study was developed completely from scratch in Latvia. But it is precisely this fact that allowed us to structure this sector in concert with Western standards and to use the experience that has been learned and is extensively being used in the Western world. In truth, the

15 establishment and development of the program at the LU RHI is happening with direct support from leading foreign specialists and university departments. The LU RHI higher professional education program in political science has been established with the help of recommendations and evaluations from Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, British, Swedish and Belgian colleagues. Instructors from the Eurofaculty present lectures at the department, and the quality of these lectures is guaranteed by an international selections commission. Another guarantee of quality lies in the fact that the instructors of the LU RHI Political Science Department regularly teach classes at other universities in Latvia. They are seen as high-level experts in the field – so much so that many are also invited to teach at foreign universities (Žaneta Ozoliņa, for example, for three years has taught classes at the Danish Royal Military Academy, at the NATO College in Rome and at Turku University, while Baiba Šavriņa has taught at Sorbonne). The qualitative development of instructors is also underpinned by their participation in international research projects and publications in local and international journals and other publications. It should be noted that some of the instructors (Bāra, Ozoliņa, Bleiere) also work as experts in the work of the Latvian government. Instructors regularly conduct surveys among students about the instruction courses, asking students to provide their views about the successes and shortcomings of the various classes. This, of course, helps instructors to improve the process and to overcome problems (see appendix). Students in the quantitative methods course conduct an independent survey on the instructors who teach first-year classes in the department, and they write papers on the basis of the results of this survey. The LU RHI faculty has also conducted a student survey to evaluate the first four years of implementing the political science program, the aim being to improve the program, as well as the teaching process as such. The survey assisted in a process of self-evaluation, and the result of this has been the implementation of several innovations (e.g., the fact that at the end of each course, instructors now must conduct the aforementioned student survey). The program’s council has decided to conduct similar surveys among all students once every two years.1

1 We chose the interval of two years in order to avoid overly hasty judgments from first-year students who have not yet gone into the full rhythm of the life and instruction process of the LU RHI. The two-year interval will also allow us to compare the development of views over time.

16 The latest survey yielded the following results (the questionnaire can be found in the appendix): 86 students (59%) made up the survey cohort. The following ratings were given, on average to various aspects of the study program on a 10-point scale: ? The extent to which the study process influences interest among young people to study and to increase their knowledge – 7; ? The opportunities that the program offers to specialize and to learn those things that are of interest to the student – 7; ? The competitiveness of graduates in the job market – 7. Given that the program has been in existence for only a short time and that it is competing with other programs of the same kind, it must be said that students think quite highly of the quality of the program. Students were also more likely to be satisfied with the atmosphere of the study process than not – 70% said that it is good, while 30% said that it is not sufficient. The young people overall said that their relationship with instructors is good, although in some instances the attitude of instructors is one of dealing with schoolchildren, not with developing colleagues. Students are also satisfied with the way in which the program is structured. Section A courses received an average rating of 8, while Section B courses received an average of 7. Some students said that the program director and instructors must provide more detailed explanations of the essentials of Section A and Section B courses and the relationship between the two groups. Students say that they get a clear picture of these issues only relatively late in the study process. The technical aspects of the study process are satisfactory to 64% and unsatisfactory to 36% of survey respondents. The LU RHI does not have its own facilities, even though that situation has improved somewhat over the last several years. Some instructors, according to the students, are hesitant in using those technologies that are available. The literature that is available to students was rated as sufficient by 66% of respondents and as insufficient by 34%. Most of the students, however, pointed to a shortage of literature in the Latvian language. The main question in evaluating the program was posed in the following form: “If you could turn back the years and start the study process all over again, would you come to our institute again?” Of all of the students, only one gave a negative response – 99% would happily come back. Many students said that they are happy with the fact that studies take place in the afternoon, because this allows them to merge their studies with work.

17 The survey undeniably shows that our initial work has proceeded in the right direction, although there is still much work to be done in the future. The directors and instructors of the LU RHI program maintain contacts with graduates and employers, and both groups help by offering objective evaluations of the program and suggestions about ways in which it might be improved (see appendix). All of the reviews that have been received state that employers are satisfied with the qualifications of LU RHI graduates. Accreditation of the program would certainly be another factor to ensure the quality of the program. Irrespective of the results of the accreditation process, the faculty of the LU RHI, together with the program management committee, will gather each year at an annual meeting of program instructors to analyze the development of the program and to talk about ways of improving it even further.

8. Development directions for the study programs The developmental prospects of the LU RHI Political Science Department and its study programs are closely linked to overall reforms at the University of Latvia and in the Latvian educational system at large. If we evaluate the work that has been begun, the structure and content of the program, and the qualitative aspects of the implementation of the program, we must conclude that there are several areas in which improvements can be made, and at various levels:

At the level of instructors: ? Instructors must become more actively involved in research work, which will expand the variety and quality of teaching materials. Efforts must be made to reach a situation where instructors present their lectures on the basis of academic work that they themselves have done; ? Methods for examining students must be improved by increasing the proportion of individual and group work and by searching out new and effective forms of testing; ? There must be regular academic and methodological seminars in order to involve all of the instructors from the LU RHI Political Science Department, thus promoting the multidisciplinary approach of the program among instructors; ? There must be more active efforts to publicize the results of the instructional and research work in the mass media, thus helping to improve the quality of instructors, as well as the prestige of the process in the eyes of students and of society at large;

18 ? Instructors must become more active in preparing teaching materials and in writing textbooks; ? The program must develop a continuing education program in civic studies which would be meant for teachers who want to improve their knowledge in the field of political science; this would also help to improve the potential of the LU RHI Psychology Department; ? The variety of teaching methods must be improved and expanded; ? The material and technical aspects of the program must be upgraded; ? The number of lectures presented by guest lecturers must be increased.

At the level of students: ? There must be more research work in the teaching process; ? Graduates of the program must be encouraged to pursue a master’s degree from the Political Science Department; ? The best papers written by students should be published in specialized publications, as well as in general-interest newspapers; ? The spectrum of Section B and Section C courses must be expanded, thus stimulating students to obtain specialized knowledge that might help them adapt to the requirements of the job market; ? The proportion of individual work in the instructional process must be enlarged; ? Cooperation with other centers at the University of Latvia (e.g., the North American Center), as well as faculties and departments, must be expanded.

9. A comparison of the study program with analogue programs in other countries The professional education program in political science that has been prepared by the LU RHI Political Science Department is based on a study of analogous programs at Scandinavian universities, adapting their various elements to the needs of Latvia. It should be noted that the nucleus of the program consists of lessons learned under the auspices of TEMPUS projects between 1993 and 1997. Development of the program has involved experts from Orhus University (Denmark), Umeo University (Sweden), Swansea University College (Great Britain) and other universities. Development of the sub-program in European studies was facilitated by the experience of such institutions as Hall University (Great Britain), Brussels University (Belgium), Bradford University (Great Britain) and Turku University (Finland) (see appendix).

20 The Plan of the Study Program Rīga, 1999

The LU RHI higher professional education program plan in Political Science Specialization: European Studies

Courses Semesters Exam / P/F Instructor Quantitative methods Exam Docent The history of humanities ideas Political theory Prof. The political history of the region Lector Research methods Research methods Foreign language Introduction to international politics Research methods Fundamentals of economic theory Fundamentals of justice SPSS Regional security policy Political ideologies Research methodology Statistics Social philosophy Introduction to public administration Elections analysis EU history Research methods Ethno-politics Psychology Political information Introduction to communications EU institutions Introduction to public relations theory

21 Political analysis I Social forecasting Theories of communication EU legal foundations Public relations research methods Formal logic Political analysis II Research methods Socio-economic aspects of the EU International and global communications Decision-making in foreign policy Foreign economics Research methods Diplomatic protocol and negotiations Public relations planning and strategy Image-making Latvia and the EU (theoretical and practical seminar) Research methods Internship Research methods Bachelor’s thesis Annual project Credits Total credits

The LU RHI higher professional education program plan in political science Specialization: Public relations

Courses Semesters Exam / P/F Instructor Quantitative methods Exam Docent The history of humanities ideas Political theory Prof. The political history of the region Lector

22 Research methods Foreign language Introduction to international politics Research methods Fundamentals of economic theory Fundamentals of justice SPSS Regional security policy Political ideologies Research methods Statistics Social philosophy Introduction to public administration Elections analysis EU history Research methods Ethno-politics Psychology Political information Introduction to public relations theory Introduction to communications EU institutions Political analysis I Social forecasting Public relations research methods Communications theories Formal logic Political analysis II Empirical social research methods International and global communications Research methods Latvia and the EU Decision-making in foreign policy Advertising psychology

23 Public relations planning and strategy Research methods Image-making Diplomatic protocol and negotiations Public relations experience in Latvia and the world (theoretical and practical seminar) Research methods Internship Research methods Bachelor’s thesis Annual project Credits Total credits

Rīga, 1999

25 ANNOTATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL STUDY PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The goal of the professional study program is to provide a basic academic education in political science during the first two years, which conforms to the standards that have been set out by the Board of Rectors of the University of Latvia. In addition, the program provides specialized knowledge about European affairs and public relations that is closely linked to practical work. Students underpin their theoretical knowledge about the EU and public relations by serving an internship at government institutions that elaborate and implement Latvia’s policy of EU integration, as well as in private companies that work in the field of public relations. The professional study program has been set up with the following missions in mind: 1. To ensure the learning of academic and professional knowledge and skills in political science, European affairs and public relations; 2. To promote simultaneous development of theoretical knowledge and practical skills during the learning process, thus preparing students for effective and rapid involvement in their professional careers, ensuring their competitiveness in the job market; 3. To create favorable conditions for the academic and practical work of students, promoting the expansion of their overall level of culture, as well as the qualitative learning of professional knowledge; 4. To help students to apply their academic knowledge in practice, promoting a synthesis between theory and practice; 5. To ensure the successful involvement of students in international institutions and international companies. The program volume is 200 credit points.

The study program is made up of three parts: 1) The basic academic courses in political science: a) Mandatory courses (Section A; 113 credits or 57%); b) Optional courses (Section B; 64 credits, 32%); c) Free electives (Section C; 23 credits, 11%). 2) Specialization: a) European studies;

26 b) Public relations. 3) Practical seminars to facilitate the learning of professional abilities and skills, as well as an internship (five weeks in the 9th semester) in the chosen specialty. A bachelor’s thesis must be defended at the completion of the study program. The program is intended for completion in 10 semesters. Studies in the political science professional studies program are provided by instructors from the University of Latvia, by guest lectors from Latvia and other countries, and by specialists in European affairs and public relations from Parliament, the European Integration Bureau, the Foreign Ministry of Latvia, the PHARE Program, and private enterprises. Upon successful completion of the study program, students are awarded a degree in political science.

A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL STUDY PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The goal of the study program is to prepare highly qualified specialist political scientists for work in government and private institutions with a specialization in European studies and public relations. The concept of the study program: The training of political scientists in Latvia cannot be separated from broader international, regional and national processes. Latvia’s irreversible movement toward the EU and its increasing involvement in international processes, as well as the strengthening and development of democracy in the country – all of these require professionals in the field of politics. Because Latvia is a small country with limited human resources, then professional training programs must be dominated by a multidisciplinary approach, and it is precisely upon such an approach that this professional program is based.

The missions of the study program: 1. To ensure the learning of academic and professional knowledge and skills in political science, European affairs and public relations; 2. To promote simultaneous development of theoretical knowledge and practical skills during the learning process, thus preparing students for effective and rapid involvement in their professional careers, ensuring their competitiveness in the job market;

27 3. To create favorable conditions for the academic and practical work of students, promoting the expansion of their overall level of culture, as well as the qualitative learning of professional knowledge; 4. To help students to apply their academic knowledge in practice, promoting a synthesis between theory and practice; 5. To ensure the successful involvement of students in international institutions and international companies.

Brief description: In order to complete the higher professional education program in political science and to obtain a degree in political science, the student must: 1) Collect 200 credit points a) Mandatory courses (Section A; 113 credits or 57%); b) Optional courses (Section B; 64 credits, 32%); c) Free electives (Section C; 23 credits, 11%). 2) Successfully complete an internship; 3) Successfully defend a bachelor’s thesis. The program is intended for implementation over the course of 5 years (10 semesters). Two specializations are offered: 1) European studies 2) Public relations. In the first four semesters all students study together, obtaining fundamental knowledge about political science. Beginning in the third year of study, students take courses in their specialization from Section A courses, as well as political science courses from Section B and courses from other subjects from Section C.

Course Descriptions

28 ------

Riga Humanities Institute of the University of Latvia

Department of Political Science, Bachelor program.

Course title: Comparative Administrative Systems

Course code: Political Science

Author of the course: Dace Jansone, M.Soc.

Course credits: 4

Course description: This course aims at giving the students a profound insight into the different theories of bureaucracy, with a special focus on the latest scientific achievements within the field. An insight that will be utilized to analyze the administrative systems practiced across Europe, and the challenges born by these practices. First we will investigate the practices of Western European countries and the ideas of reforming these practices. Then we will turn our attention to countries in transition and the administrative challenges these countries are facing. Finally the course will focus on an analysis of the administrative challenges connected to the enlargement of the European Union.

Course topics:

week topic form

1. Introduction. Course description, plan, requirements and literature. 1. Traditional model of Public administration 2. France 2. Germany 3. United Kingdom 3. Sweden 4. USA 4. New Zealand 5. Ireland 5. Netherland 6. Reforms: Catalytic Government 6. Reforms: Community-Owned Government 7. Reforms: Competetive Government 7. Reforms: Mission Driven Government 8. Reforms: Results-Oriented Government 8. Reforms: Customer-Driven Government 9. Reforms: Enterprising Government 9. Reforms: Anticipatory Government

29 10. Reforms: Decentralized Government 10. Reforms: Market-Oriented Government 11. Reforms: Conclusions 11. Introduction to Reforms in Countries in Transition. 12. Bulgaria 12. Hungary 13. Slovakia 13. Kenya&Tanzania 14. Alternative Paths for Reforms 14. The administrative system of the EU 15. The Interaction between Latvia and the Administrative System of the EU 15. Summary and Conclusions

Requirements: All students must pass a number of tests, which will be given during the semester. All students must produce a minor independent research paper. The course will end with a written exam.

Examination: Research paper will constitute 50% of the final grade. Written exam will constitute 50% of the final grade.

Literature:

Guy B. Peters, The Future of Governing: Four Emerging Models, University Press of Kansas, 1996.

Jon Pierre (ed.), Bureaucracy in the Modern State: An Introduction to Comparative Public Adminisration, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1995.

Tony Verheijen & David Coombes (ed.), Innovations in Public Management: Perspectives from East and West Europe, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998.

David Osborne & Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government: How the Enterpreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1992.

Riga Humanities Institute of the University of Latvia

Department of Political Science

Course title: Introduction to Public Administration Part A

Course code: political science

30 Author of the course: Dace Jansone, M.Soc.

Course credits: 4

Course description: Employing a political approach the course in Public Administration gives a critical introduction to the study of bureaucracy and administration in the modern democratic state. We look at the bureaucracy from an organizational perspective, as a part of the political system, and we investigate the constraints and possibilities of the individual bureaucrat. On the basis of the contemporary literature of the field we will examine topics such as political control and accountability of the bureaucracy, the problems of recruitment, ethics and corruption in public administration, and the politics of implementation. We will furthermore relate these topics to the ongoing administrative reform in Latvia.

Course topics:

week topic form

1. 1. Introduction to Public Administration lecture 1. 2. Bureaucracy as Rational System lecture 2. 3. Bureaucracy as Natural System lecture 2. 4. Organizational Culture lecture 3. 5. Administrative Structure lecture 3. 6. Administrative Structure in Latvia. lecture 4. 7. Administrative Structure in Latvia. seminar 4. 8. Reorganization and Administrative Reform. lecture 5. 9. Public Administration Reform in Latvia. seminar 5. 10. Decentralization and Local Governments. lecture 6. 11. Decentralization and Administrative Reform in Latvia. seminar 6. 12. Models of Policy Implementation. lecture 7. 13. Task Definition and Bureaucratic Behavior. lecture 7. 14. Constraints and Compliance. lecture 8. 15. Constraints and Structure. seminar 8. 16. Constraints and Efficiency. lecture 9. 17. Recruitment. lecture 9. 18. The Role of Leader and Personal in a Organization. lecture 10. 19. Problem Solution: Market or Bureaucracy. lecture 10. 20. Politics of Bureaucracy lecture 11. 21. Bureaucratic Interests and Goals lecture 11. 22. Interest Groups and Political Parties lecture 12. 23. Budgeting Process. lecture 12. 24. The Concept of Accountability. lecture 13. 25. Mechanisms of Accountability. lecture 13. 26. Accountability and Democracy lecture 14. 27. Ethics in Public Administration lecture 14. 28. Corruption Prevention Policy in Latvia seminar

31 15. 29. The Future of Public Administration lecture 15. 30. Conclusions. lecture

Requirements: literature to read, participation in seminars

Examination: written exam

Literature:

1.basic:

1.Peters, B. Guy: The Politics of Bureaucracy, Fourth Edition, Longman Publishers USA, 1995. Chapter 2 - 8, except pp. 229 - 243, 320 - 326.

2.Wilson, James Q: Bureaucracy. What government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, Basic Books, Unites States, 1989. Chapter 1 - 10, 17 - 19.

2. additional:

1.Gruber, Judith E: "Controlling Bureaucracies", in Controlling Bureaucracies, Dilemmas in Democratic Governance, University of California Press, Berkely and Los Angeles, 1987, pp. 1 - 27

2.Hesse, Jens Joachim: "From Transformation to Modernisation: Administrative Reform in Central and Eastern Europe", in Hesse (ed): Administrative Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe - Towards Public Sector Reform in Post-Communists Societies, Balckwell Publishers, 1993, pp. 219 - 257.

3.Page, Edward C: "Territorial differentiation, functions and hierarchy", and "Interest Groups and Bureaucracy", in Page: Political Authority and Bureaucratic Power, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992, pp. 65 - 81, and pp. 105 - 119.

4.Scott, Richard W: "Organisations as Rational Systems" , "Organisations as Natural Systems", and “Organizational Effectiveness” in Scott: Organisations, Rational, Natural and Open Systems, Prentice-Hall, INC. 1992, pp. 29 - 61, 64 - 68, 342-362.

5.Smith, B.C: "Alternatives to Bureaucracy : Decentralisation", in Smith: Bureaucracy and Political Power, Wheatsheaf Books, Sussex, 1988, pp. 211 - 228.

6.Verheijen, T., A.Dimitrova: "Public Interest and Public Administration: The Central and East European Experience" // International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 62, nr. 2, June 1996, pp. 197 - 218.

32 HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT PART C

Author: lecturer Valdis Bergs 32 hours, 2 creditpoints.

The aim of the course is to create a comprehension about historical and conceptual evolution of political thought, introduce in main conceptions and theories who form a principles of modern political thought, develop analytical skills of evaluation of theory and reality of politics.

The course will begin with introductory lectures on the emergence of the study of the history of political thought as a discipline, and offer a brief characterization of some of the important theoretical developments in the classical, medieval and renaissance periods.

Main subjects (brief) Ancient political thought. Political ideas of medieval and renaissance periods. Genesis of modern political thought in the 19th century. Political thought in the beginning of the 20th century. Contemporary political ideas.

Teaching methods: 12 lectures, plus 3 tutorials and 1 prime exam. Course requirement: 2 essays.

LITERATURE: Berki R., The History of Political Thought. A Short Introduction. - London: 1977. Gamble A., An Introduction to Modern Social and Political Thought. – London: 1990. Nelson B., Western Political Thought from Socrates to the Age of Ideology. – NJ: 1982. Kymlicka W., Contemporary Political Philosophy. An Introduction. – Oxford: 1990. Political Ideas /ed.by. Thompson D. – Penguin Books, 1977. Skinner Q., The Foundation of Modern Political Thought. – London, 1980. Vol.I, II. A Guide to the Political Classics. Plato to Rousseau. /ed. by Forsyth M. and Keens-Souper M. Oxford, 1989.

MODERN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES PART A

Author: lecturer, Valdis Bergs 64 course hours, 4 creditpoints.

33 The aim of the course: create a understanding about concept of ideology and modern political ideologies in theoretical and empirical levels, capability of orientations in modern ideologies, they functions.

Main subjects. Genesis and evolution of term. Theory of ideology. History of ideology. Liberalism. Conservatism. Socialism. Nationalism. Fascism and nationalsocialism. Libareation ideologies – feminism, greens etc. Dynamic of ideology in the 20th century. Ideology in transition society.

Teaching methods: 24 lectures, 7 tutorials and 1 prime exam.

Course requirement: 2 essays.

LITERATURE: Baradat L., Political Ideologies. Their Origins and Impact. – 4th ed. Heywood A., Political Ideologies. An Introduction. – London, 1992. Macridis R., Contemporary Political Ideologies. Movements and Regimes. – 5th ed. Vincent A., A Modern Political Ideologies. – Oxford, 1992. Ball T., DiggerR., Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal. – NY, 1991. Recommended readings: Bell D., End of Ideology. On the Exhaustion of the Political Ideas in the 1950s. – NY,1989. Bacher K., The Age of Ideologies. A History of Political Thought in the Twentieth Century. – London, 1984.

Title of the Course: The New Northern Europe and the European Union Part B Code: Author: Dr.phil. Juris Prikulis Credits: 2 Annotation: The aim of the course is to study the most significant aspects of the creation of the new concept of the new “Northern Europe” (a term which today includes the Scandinavian countries, the Baltic States, Northern Germany, Poland and Northwestern Russia), and the movement of this region toward the European Union in the context of that organization’s enlargement. Emphasis is placed on the formulation

34 and implementation of the political goals and economic strategies of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania in this new European region, the point being to offer new specialists a better understanding of the abilities and limitations that Latvia and the other Baltic States are experiencing in the new Northern Europe and European Union.

Content: The course provides a look at theories that underpin the development of inter-state regions and the application of these theories in the development and future potential of the European Union and the new Northern Europe. The course focuses on the most influential political and economic factors; international institutions and their activities in the Baltic Sea Region; the effect of international institutions on cooperation among the countries of the new Northern Europe, as well the region as a whole; the development of traditional cooperation among the Scandinavian countries and opportunities for its expansion; the current and possible future role played by U.S.A. Germany and Russia in the new Northern Europe; and abilities and limitations faced by the Baltic states in the establishment of the region.

Requirements: Seminars, written paper of 8-10 pages Testing form: Test Literature: 1. Hedegaard L., Lindstrom B. (eds.). North European and Baltic Sea Integration Yearbook, Springer, 1998; 2. Mentzel T. (ed.) The Baltic Sea Region. Business and Industry, Politics, Developments and Trends. Zollikofern-Bern, Klimmerly+Frei,1998; 3. Kuklinski A. (ed.) Baltic Europe in the perspective of global change, Warszawa, Oficina Naukova, 1995; 4. Miles L. The European Union and the Nordic countries, University of Hull, 1996; 5. Kivikari U. Ekonomiceskoje prostranstvo Baltijskogo regiona. Helsinki, “Otava”, 1995; 6. Cooperation agreements between the Nordic Countries. A Compilation of some of the basic cooperation agreement between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, Stockholm, Nordic Council, 1989;

Title of the course: The European Union in the Process of Development and Enlargement Code: Author: Dr.phil. Juris Prikulis Annotation: The course looks at this historically unique attempt to establish a voluntary and effective mechanism for economic and other cooperation among countries. Content: From the perspective of contemporary practical issues faced by the European Union, the course analyzes the principles under which the institutions of the European Community/European Union were established; the current status and possible future development of these institutions; the policy and experience of the European Community/European Union in such areas as a customs union, a free market, economic and monetary union, etc.; the accomplishments and the problems of the EU in such areas as competition, regional development, social policy, taxation, agriculture,

35 industry, services, energy, transportation, research, environmental protection, etc. The course also looks at the establishment and development of the European economic space. The course offers an analysis of discussions about the possible relationship between “deepening” and “widening” the European Union, evaluating the different views that various countries have had with respect to the further development of the EU’s economic and political integration. The way in which the EU has developed its positions with respect to possible schedules for the admission of post-Communist countries to the Union is also discussed. Requirements: Seminars, written paper 8-10 pages Testing form: Test Literature: 1. Deksnis B.E. Eiropas apvienoðanâs...integrâcija un suverenitâte. R. “Junda”, 1998; 2. Dimants A., Krieviòa R.L., Ozoliòa Þ., Vaivads J. Latvija Eiropas Savienîbâ. Kâpçc? R. “Izglîtîba”, 1998; 3. Kalniòa I., Strazda A., Ðïara A. Eiropas Savienîbas reìionâlâ politika un strukturâlie fondi. R. “Mc Âbols”, 1998. 4. Þurnâls “Dialogs. Þurnâls Eiropas integrâcijai”, 1997-1999; 5. Þurnâls “Latvija un Eiropas Savienîba”, 1997-1999. 6. Molle W. The economics of European integration: theory, practice, policy. Aldershot, “Ashgate”, 1997; 7. Marks G. Governance in the European Union. London, “Sage”, 1996; 8. Gowan P., Anderson P. (eds.) The question of Europe. London, “Verso”, 1997; 9. Tsoukalis L. The new European economy revisited. N.Y. Oxford University Press, 1997; 10. Urwin D.W. The Community of Europe. A history of European integration since 1945. London, 1995.

B.A. in Political Science, Department of Political Science ======

ELECTION ANALYSIS PART A

Author: Dr. soc., Ass. prof. Andris Runcis

64 hours, 4 creditpoints, report (6-10 pages), midterm exam, final exam.

1. Introduction. 2. Why study elections and electoral behaviour? Analysing election results. 3. Outline of a Model of Vote Choice. 4. The Process of Political Socioalization. 5. Left-right dimension.

36 6. Relevance of Political Attitudes to Vote Choice. 7. The Life History of Issues: Attitude and Vote Change. 8. Perceptions and Evaluations of Parties’ Stands. 9. Deciding hoe to Vote: The Consumer Model. 10. The Liberal Vote. 11. Mass media, elections and issues.

Literature:

1. 1. Denver D., Elections and Voting Behaviour in Britain (Philip Alan, London: 1989), 155 pp. 2. Harrop M., Miller W. L., Election and Voters. A Comparative Introduction. (The Macmillan Press Ltd, London: 1987), 287 pp. 3. Himmelweit Hilde T., Humphreys Patrick, Jaeger marianne, Katz Michael, How Voters Decide. A longitudinal study of political attitudes and voting extending over fifteen years. (Academic Press Inc., London: 1981), 276 pp. 4. Lijphart Arend, Grofman Bernard, Choosing an Electoral System. Issues and Alternatives. (Westport, Connecticut London:1984), 273 pp.

B.A. in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Latvia ======

QUANTITATIVE METHODS PART A

Author: Dr.soc., Ass. Prof. Andris Runcis

64 hours, 4 creditpoints, requirements - report (6-10 pages), midterm exam, final exam.

1. Introduction. 2. The Language and Logic of Inquiry. The Art of Social Research. 3. Types of scientific social research. 4. Design of Social Research. The Structure of Inquiry. 5. From Concepts to Operationalization to the Measurement of Variables. 6. Sampling. 7. The Methods of Social Research. 8. Methods of Analyzing. 9. Social Research Data Analysis: Data Preparation, Data Analysis, etc. 10. Index. Scaling. 11. Elementary Statistics for Social Research. 12. Presenting the Research Results. Organizing a Student Research Paper. 13. Using a Library for Social Research. 14. The Social Context of Research.

Literature.

37 1. Socioloìisko pçtîjumu metodoloìija, metodika un tehnika. R., Zinâtne, 1981. 2. Runcis A., Ievads politisko datu analîzç. Riga, 1997. 3. Babbie Earl, The Practise of Social Research, 6th ed., 1992. 493 pp. 4. Rose D., Sullivan A., Introducing data Analysis for Social Scientists. (Open University Press: 1993) 386 pp.

Course: Comparative politics Part A

Course code:

The author of course: Mihails Rodins, lector

Credit points: 4 points (64)

The annotation of course: 1) To acquire comparative politics as Part of political science, that analyse and explain a states change in different society. To research common and differenct in the contemporary society. 2) To stady contemporary methodology of comparative analyses. 3) To stady contemporary comparative theory. 4) To research basic index of comparative process.

Content of the course: 1) Compare theory. Contemporary debates. 2) Compare research. 3) State: nature, origine, life. 4) Regime, political stability; conteption and indicates. 5) Process of states. 6) Compare methodology. 7) Structural models. 8) Models of actors. 9) Nationalism and etnict conflits. 10) Rights, duty and citizion. 11) Imigration politics, refuges, etnict minorieties.

Basicliterature: Comperative politics, I.lane. and S.erssons, 1995.

Titel des Lehrgangs: Internationale und globale Kimmunikation Schlüssel des Lehrgangs: Autor: Doz.Ojars SKUDRA; Dr.hist. Zahl der Kreditpunkte: 2

38 Annotation (Ziel): Allgemeine, von der modernen Kommunikationswissenschaft gestützte, Vorsttelung über die dritte Revolution der menschlichen Kommunikation und den daraus resultierenden Veränderungen im Funktionieren des globalen und der regionalen, nationalen und lokalen Kommunikationsräume. Fähigkeit zur analytischen Einschätzung der Einwirkung des internationalen Nachrichtenflusses auf die nationale und kulturelle Identität. Inhalt des Lehrgangs: Begriff und Peozesse der Globalisierung. Prozesse der Internationalisierung u. Globalisierung auf den feldern der Kommunikationstechnologien und - handlungen. Kommunikatin in den

University of Latvia. Bachelor programme in Political science Department of Political Science and EuroFaculty Docente Feliciana Rajevska, Dr. pols sc. POLICY ANALYSIS

5th and 6th semester 64 hours, 4 credits Course Description Policy analysis is a full-year course in which we analyses the policy-making process and its participants. We will discuss how a problem, from having just existed somewhere in society, suddenly becomes a political problem; how policy alternatives are generated and chosen: and how policies, once chosen, are implemented. The policy process will be discussed in the light of theories dealing with power structures of the state, and will examine the role and interactions of politicians, bureaucracy, street-level bureaucrats, pressure groups, private firms and ordinary citizens in the process. We will see how decision-making processes wary from phase to phase, and discuss different approaches to policy analysis, such as "rational comprehensive", "incrementalism" and "garbage can" models.

Form The course is a year-course, and the purpose of the course is two-fold. Firstly, in the fall semester, to discuss and analyses public policy mainly on a theoretical level, in addition with a few case- seminars. Secondly, in the spring semester, to write a paper on a specific policy problem in Latvia using our theoretical knowledge.

Literature All copies and books are provided by EuroFaculty and the Department of Political Science.

Textbooks: Ham and Hill: The policy process in the modern capitalist state, Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. Can be optained at the EuroFaculty Library.

Hill: The policy process: A Reader, Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. Can be optained at the EuroFaculty Library.

Kingdon: Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies, HarperCollins College Publishers, 1995, 2nd. ed. Can be obtained from the Department of Political Science.

39 B.Guy Peters. The Politics of Bureaucracy. 1989. ch. 1, ch. 6, ch.7

Charles Jones An Introduction to the Study of Public Policy

The obligatory literature amounts now to approx. 520 pages.

Introduction to Policy Analysis Lecture : Introduction to the course and to policy analysis. Ham and Hill : "Policy and policy analysis". pp. 1 - 21. Jenkins : "Policy analysis: models and approaches", in Hill, pp. 34 - 44 Hogwood and Gunn : "Analysing public policy", in Policy Analysis for the Real World, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 12 - 31. (SUPP) Decision-making Lecture : State, Power and decisionmaking. (24) Ham and Hill : "The role of the state" pp. 22-47& "Power and decisionmaking" pp. 65 - 79. Lukes: "Three distinctive views of power compared", in Hill, pp. 50 - 58 Mclennan : "The evolution of pluralist theory", in Hill, pp. 59 - 68.(SUPP) Lecture : Decisionmaking. Different approaches to policy analysis(1) Ham and Hill: "Rationality and decisionmaking". pp. 80 - 96. Lindblom: "The science of muddling through" pp. 119 - 132, in Altshuler, Alan A. and Thomas: The politics of Federal Bureaucracy, New York: Harper and Row, 1978. Smith&May:"The artificial debate between rationalist and incrementalist" Hill p.197 - 211. Gregory : "Political rationalist or incrementalism", in Hill, pp. 212 - 231. Simon: "Decision-making and administrative organisations", pp, 1 - 19 "Rationality in administrative behaviour", 61 - 78, in Administrative behaviour: A Study of Decision-making Processes in Administrative Organizations, N-Y: The Free Press 1976, (SUPP.) Lindblom: "Still muddling, not yet through", in McGrew and Wilson: Decision making, Manchester University Press, 1982, pp. 125 - 138.(SUPP.) Lecture : Decisionmaking. Different approaches to policy analysis(2) Kingdon: "Processes: Origins, rationality, incrementalism and carbage cans", pp. 71 - 89. Whiteley: "Models of the policy process", pp. 6 - 33, in Political control of the macroeconomy, Sage, London, 1986. Seminar: Casework: Objectives and Priorities Hogwood and Gunn: "Objectives and Priorities", in Policy Analysis for the Real World, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 150 - 170.(SUPP) Participants in Policy-making Lecture : Bureaucracy: Democracy and power (49) B.C Smith : "Bureaucracy and Liberal Democracy", pp. 25-38, "Pluralism and the power of bureaucrats" pp.40-51, in Bureaucracy and Political Power, Sussex:Wheatsheaf Books 988. Jansone, Dace: "Birokratijas koncepcijas organizacijas sociologija" pp. 9 - 21,(SUPP), and "Birokratija ka politiska institucija", pp. 22 - 44, in Jansone: Civildienesta veidosanas Latvijas Republika Parejas perioda, unpublished paper, Riga 1996.

40 Day and Klein: The career of a concept, pp. 4 - 32, in Accountabilitis, five public services, Tavistock Publications, London and New York, 1987. (SUPP) Lecture : Participants and their interactions in policy-making. Peters: "Bureaucracy and pressure groups", pp. 180 - 201, in The Politics of Bureaucracy, Longman Publishers, 1995. Smith, M: "Pluralism, reformed pluralism and neopluralism: the role of pressure groups in policy- making", pp. 302 - 322, in Political Studies 37. Damgaard: "Causes, forms and consequences of sectoral policy-making, some danish evidence", in European Journal of Political Research vol 14, 1986, pp. 273 - 287. Rhodes and Marsh: "Policy networks in british politics", pp. 1 - 15, in Rhodes and Marsh(ed): Policy Networks in British Government, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1992.(SUPP.) Kingdon: "Participant on the Inside of Government", pp. 21 - 44. (SUPP) Kingdon: "Outside of Government, But Not Just Looking in", pp. 45 - 70.(SUPP) Lecture Participants: Rational Choice and Interests. (35) Tullock: The Economic Theory of Bureaucracy, in Hill, pp. 110 - 120. Kristensen: The Logic of Political Bureaucratic Decision-making as a Cause of Governmental Growth, pp. 249 - 264, in European Journal of Political Research, vol 8, 1980. Dunleavy: Explaining the Privatization Boom: Public choice versus Radical approaches, in Hill, pp. 135 - 143.(SUPP) B.C Smith: Inside Bureaucracy: Budget maximization, pp. 159 - 176, on Bureaucracy and Political Power, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1988.(SUPP) Damgaard: "The dilemma of rational legislative action: some danish evidence", in Lewin and Vedung(ed): Politics as Rational action, Dordrecht, Reidel Publishing Company, 1980, pp. 217 - 235.(SUPP.) Agenda-setting and Implementation Seminar: casework "The Strong minister and the weak haemophiliacs". Lecture : Agenda Setting.(1) Cobb and Elder: "Issue creation and agenda content", pp. 82 - 93, "Issue characteristics and relevant publics", pp. 94 - 110, "The dynamics of issue expansion", pp. 110 - 129, "Entrance patterns and agenda access", pp. 151 - 159, Summary and conclusions", pp. 160 - 170, in Participation in american politics, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1972. Lecture : Agenda Setting(2) Kingdon: "Problems", chap. 5, pp. 90 - 115, "The Political Stream", Chapter 7, pp. 116 - 144, "Wrapping things up", Chapter 9, pp. 196 - 208. Seminar: Casework : Latvian Government Annual Rapport Lecture : Implementation and street-level bureaucrats. Ham and Hill: "Towards implementation theory", pp. 97 - 115 Ham and Hill: "Bureaucrats in the policy process", pp. 134 - 150. Hogwood and Gunn: "Why perfect implementation is unattainable", in Hill, 238 - 247. Sabatier: "Top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation research", in Hill pp. 266 - 289. Hjern and Porter: "Implementation structures: a new unit of administrative analysis", in Hill, pp. 248 - 265. (SUPP) Winter: "Integrating Implementation Research", in Palumbo and Calista(eds), Implementation and the policy process. Opening up the Black Box, Greenwood Press, New York, 1990, pp. 19 - 38. (SUPP.) Cobb and Elder: "Issue creation and agenda content", pp. 82 - 93, "Issue characteristics and relevant publics", pp. 94 - 110, "The dynamics of issue expansion", pp. 110 - 129, "Entrance patterns and agenda access", pp. 151 - 159, Summary and conclusions", pp. 160 - 170, in

41 Participation in american politics, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1972.

POLITICAL ELITE PART C Author: Lecturer Valdis BERGS 32 hours, 2 creditpoints

The aim of the course: originate a comprehension about political elite – one of the social elements of the political power, introduce in main theoretical and empirical tendencies of the problem.

General subjects. The social elements of the power. Theory of elite. Dynamic of elite, types. Corporativism, political clan. Lobby. Influence of elite. Elite and modern society. Elite in transition society.

Teaching methods: 12 lectures, 3 tutorials and 1 prime exam. Course requirements: 2 essays.

LITERATURE: Bottomore T., Elites and Society. -NY: 1964. Dye T., Zeigler H., The Irony of Democracy. –2nd ed. Marger M., Elites and Masses. – 2nd ed. Mills C., The Power Elite. – NY.1956. Putnam R., The Comparative Study of Political Elites. – NJ 1976. Hayes M., Lobbyists and Legislators: A Theory of Political Market. – 2nd ed.

42 POLITICAL HISTORY (Baltic Sea Region) PART A

Author: Dr.pol. Associa te Professor Daina Bāra 64 hours. 4 creditpoints.

This course in the subfield of comparative politics will intensively analyze the political and historical processes of Baltic Sea Region States. The course substantively is similar to those on European p???? olitics taught to undergraduate students at many universities in Europe and United States.

Course includes weekly lecture and seminar with discussion theoretical problems and student papers presentation. Students are expected to read class assignments and to attend class lectures.

Final grades in a course are determined solely on the basis of student examinations and papers, testing their knowledge of the reading assignments and class lectures at specified periods during the semester.

The goal of this course is to develop students, better understanding about historical and political development of different countries.

Course outline.

Introduction. A common analytical framework. Problems and tendencies of development.

Development of the Nation states. Development of Political Systems in the New States.

Scandinavian States (Norway, Sweden, Denmark). The context of Scandinavian politics. Political development. Democratization and Industrialization. Political Culture. Political Parties. Development of Welfare State.

Germany. Historical development. The Empire (1871-1918). The Weimar Republic (1919- 1933). The Third Reich and World War II (1933-1945). West Germany and East Germany. Political System.

Baltic States. Awakening. Independence. Democratization and Political Development in Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). Historical Background. Changes of Political Regimes. The Independence Movement. Development of Political System. Political Parties. Political Evolution of Society. Russia. The October Revolution – creation of the New order in Russia (USSR). The Stalin Era-Totalitarianism. USSR – "Democratic State", World War II and USSR. Soviets in Eastern Europe. From Khrushev to Gorbachev. Transition processes in Russia – between democracy and dictatorship.

Basic Readings. Jorgen Rasmussen, Joel Moses, Major European Governments. 1995. Thomas M. Magstadt, Nations and Governments, New York, 1994. Olaf Petersson, The Governments and Politics of the Nordic Countries. Stockholm, 1994.

43 John Hiden, Patrick Salmon, The Baltic Nations and Europe. 1995. Periodiskie izdevumi.

University of Latvia Department of Political Science Master programm, second year, 3rd semester Docente Feliciana Rajevska, Dr.pol.sc. Policy Process in Latvia 96 hours, 6 credits The goal of this course is to give knowledge in theory of policy analysis, to develop the skills how to apply theory for analysis and evaluation of policy in Latvia since renewal of independence: to follow the stage of policy process, decision-making, policy actors, their interests, resources and relationship in the context of legislative and executive power structures.

The course includes lectures, seminars, students paper oral and written presentation. Final grade is based on the quality of paper (40%), participation in seminars (20%) and the written exam (40%).

Course structure: Latvia’s road to the independence, historical legacy problems. The foundation of Democracy: institutional framework, multiparty system, political culture. Economic Development after renewal of Independence. Reform process. Driving forces and constraints. Administrative reform. Regional policy. Local governments as policy actors. Social policy in Latvia: actors, reforms, their output and outcome. Integration policy in Latvia: etnopolicy, language policy, demography. Political stability. Latvia’s policy towards the integration of European Union.

Literatûra: Economic And Social Changes in the Baltic States in 1992-1994. Edited by Urve Venesaar & George A. Hachey, Jr. Tallinn, 1995 The Baltic States after Independence. Why Different? ed. by Ole Norgaard, Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK. Brrokfield, US, 1996 Between Past and Future: Elites Democracy and the State in Post-Communist Countries. A Comparison of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Anton Steen, Ashgate, 1997 Latvijas Tautas Attîstîbas Pârskats. Rîga, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe. The Transition and Beyond. Edited by Nicholas Barr. 1994., chapter 1, 4, 5, 6, 13. Bob Deacon. Global agencies and the shaping of post-communist social policy: The case of Lithuania in comparative context.// "Social Policy in Transition Societies. Experience from the Baltic Countries and Russia". Helsinki, 1995.

44 Grindle and Thomas (1991) Public choices and policy change. The John Hopkins University press, Baltimore and London. Ham and Hill (1993) The policy process in modern capitalist state. Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Hogwood and Gunn (1984) Policy analysis for the real world. Oxford University Press. Jones (1984) An introduction to the study of public policy. Wadsworth Inc, California. Kingdon (1995) Agendas, alternatives and public policies. 2nd ed. Harper Collins College Publishers. Feliciana Rajevska(1996) Latvia in Search of Social Policy Model. in European Legacy: Towards New Paradigms. Fourth Conference of the ISSEI. Graz, Austria, August, 1994. Mitt Press, USA. Agenda 2000. Eiropas Komisijas atzinums par Latvijas pieteikumu iestâties Eiropas Savienîba Ziòojums par Latvijas tautsaimniecîbas attîstîbu. LR Ekonomikas ministrija. Rîga, 1998. gada jûnijs Ceïâ uz demokrâtiju: Latvija un pasaules pieredze. Rîga, 1992. gads, 12-14. novembris. The transition Towards Democracy: Experience in Latvia and in the World. Riga, November 12th- 14th, 1992. Latvijas Universitâte. Politikas zinâtnes katedra, Rîga, 1994 No grâmatas tiek rekomendçtie sekojoðie raksti: E.Semanis, A.Freimanis. Genesis of Political Regime in Latvia on Transition to Democracy, p . 97-100 I.Apine. Nomenklatûra, tâs îpatnîbas Latvijâ, lpp.125-131 I.Ostrovska. Political apathy in after - Popular upsurge Latvia, p.132-137 O.Norgaard- Transition Towards Democracy: Political Economy, p. 202-211 V.Blûzma . Privâtîpaðuma loma demokrâtijas procesu uzturçðana sabiedrîbâ. P228 -230; A.Ivanovs. Etnisko grupu attieksme pret reâlo politisko varu, p.330-332 Sabiedrîbas pârmaiòas Latvijâ. Jumava, 1998 raksti no grâmatas: Brigita Zepa. Valsts statusa maiòa un pilsoniskâ apziòa // lpp.89-141 Jânis Broks, Uldis Ozoliòð, Gunârs Ozolzîle, Aivars Tabûns, Tâlis Tisenkopfs. Demokrâtijas stabilitâte Latvijâ: priekðnoteikumi un izredzes// lpp.142-173 Pçteris Laíis. Politiskâs elites veidoðanâs mehânismi postkomunistiskajâ sabiedrîbâ// lpp.188- 206 Tâlis Tisenkopfs. Jaunatne un jaunkapitâlisms// lpp.207- 239 Signe Dobelniece. Nabadzîba Latvijâ pârejas periodâ// lpp.240-254 Ilze Koroïeva, Ritma Rungule. "Vecâ" izglîtiîba jaunajos apstâkïos.// lpp.255- 277 Latvijas Tautas Fronte. Programma. Statûti. Rîga, 1988; Latvijas Tautas Frontes 2. kongress. Rîga, 1990 Sociâlie procesi Latvijâ. Rîga, 1998 Ralph Darendorf "Doroga k svobode: demokratizacija ji ejo problemy v Vostochnoj Evrope" - Voprosy Filosofiji, 1990, Nr.9, s.69 -75 Richard Rose Consensus or Dissensus in Welfare Values in Post-Communist Societies?, Glasgow, 1993, 24 p. Richard Rose and William Maley Conflict or Compromise in the Baltic States? What Do the Peoples There Think? Glasgow, 1994, 20 p. Ritma Rungule - Nabadzîba kïuvusi reâli ieraugâma un izjûtama, Diena, 1998, 30.novembris (krievu variantâ - 1.decembris)

45 POLITICAL THEORY PART A Author: Professor, Dr.h.phil. Mikelis Asmanis

The purpose of the course is to present the nature of modern politics, its major elements, general tendencies and implementation mechanisms. Stu???? udents are taught about political process, and criteria and tools used for policy-making and politics analyses. This course is followed and continued by academic course on History of political thought.

Course description Totally 96 course hours. If passed final examination students are granted with 6 creditpionts. Qualification students are required to have registered for the course: no special qualifications.

Course is designed to students of the bachelor program in political science. Test: examination. Understanding the politics: an introduction. Contents of politics. Subject of politics. Individuals as subjects of politics. Social groups as subject of politics. Nation as subject of politics. Political behavior. Political parties. Political organizations and movements. Political regimes. Political development and tendencies. Requirements necessary to gain points: students must know categories of political science as well as essence of politics, its genesis, characteristics of functioning, mutual contradictions and tendencies. Students should know theories interpretation offered by major political theories.

LITERATURE: Ašmanis M. Politikas izziņa. - Rīga, 1994. Aðmanis M. Politikas saturs. - Rīga, 1995. Ašmanis M. Personība politikā. - Rīga, 1991. Barry N. An Introduction to Modern Political Theory. - London, 1989. Bessen W., Jaspers G. Das Leitbild der Modernen Demokratie. / Bauelemente einer freiheitlichen Staatsordnung. - Bonn, 1990. Dahl R.A. Democracy and its Critics. - Yal, 1989. Dahl R.A. Polyarchy, Partisipation and Opposition. New Haven - London, 1971. Duverger M. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern . . State. - New York,1963. Engels Fr. Ģimenes, privātīpašuma un valsts izcelšanās. - Markss K., Engelss F. Darbu izlase 3 sējumos. - R., 1981., 3.sēj., 292. - 365. lpp. Held D. Political Theory and the Modern State. / Essay on State, Power and Democracy. - Cambridge, 1989. Held D. Models of Democracy. - Oslo, 1991. McLennan Gr., Held D., Hall St. The Idea of the Modern State. - Phil., 1984. Lively J. Democracy. - New York, 1977. Markss K. Lui Bonaparta 18. brimeris. - Markss K., Engelss F. Darbu izlase 3 sējumos. - R., 1979., 1. sčj. , 424. - 523. lpp.

46 Weber M. Politik als Beruf. - Gesammelte politische Schriften

University of Latvia Department of Political Science A Docente Rajevska Feliciana, Dr.pol.sc.

Social Policy 64 hours, 4 kredits for the third year political science students

Course includes weekly lecture and seminar with discussion theoretical problems and student paper presentation. The final test is written three hours exam.

The goal of this course is to develop students better undestanding about social policy role in the society and form of state responsibility about welfare in different times and conditions.

The objectives of this course are *to give to students historial analysis of welfare for better understanding contemporary problems, *to explain the basic models of welfare, their connection with state history, economy, policy and politics *to promote better understanding about common, specific and individual features of social policy

Teaching sillabus Social Policy: essence and functions. The History of Collective Solving of Social Problems. The Social Assistance in Past and in Present. Civil and political rights and freedoms as necessary preconditions for social rights development. Freedom, equality, justice and solidarity as important values for social policy development. The roots of Social Welfare in Europe. Economics and Scarcity: The meanings of economics, supply, demand and need, the concept of the market, economic rationality, social economics. The State or the Market?: Private and Public Markets, markets imperfections and state bureaucracy, ideology and rationality in choice. The State and the Market?: Public or private provision, non-market goods, compulsory consumption, merit goods. Public Finance: Charges, asset sales, public borrowing, taxation, principles of public finance. Transferts and public services. Health policy. Housing policy. Social Insurance Institution. The Insurance Alternative: The basis for insurance social and/or individual. The advantages and disadvantages of insurance. The role of state and civic society in the development of Welfare States. The models of Welfare States. Crisis of Welfare State,. State Employment Policy. Unemployment, its economic and social consequencies. The way to combat unemployment. Pensioners and their problems in XX century. Models of solutions disabled persons problems. Family policy in modern world. Childhood protection policy. European Social Policy. Social Charter. The Distribution of Income and Wealth. Poverty and income needs . Human Dignity and Social Exclusion.

Literatûra: Arnolds Aizsilnieks. Latvijas Saimniecîbas Vçsture, 1914-1945. Daugava 1968

47 Eiropas Sociâlâ Harta. Rîga, 1997 Latvijas Tautas Attîstîbas Pârskats. Rîga, 1995. Latvijas Tautas Attîstîbas Pârskats. Rîga, 1996. Latvijas Tautas Attîstîbas Pârskats. Rîga, 1997. Latvijas Tautas Attîstîbas Pârskats. Rîga, 1998 Oslands . Dz îves apstâkïi Latvijâ. Rîga, 1996 F .Rajevska. Sociâlâs tiesîbas. Nod.grâmatâ "Ievads politikâ”", Rîga, 1998 F. Rajevska. Sociâlâ politika. nod. Grâmata “Socioloìijas pamati. Cilvçks un dzîve”. Rîga, 1996. Sabiedrîbas pârmaiòas Latvijâ. Rîga, 1998 Gosta Esping-Andersen. Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Sainsbury D. Analysing Welfare State Variations: The Merits and Limitations of Models based on the Residual-Institutional Distinction/ Scandinavian Political Studies-1991, Vol.14- Nr.1, p.1-31 F.Rajevska Social Policy in Republic of Latvia during Transition - Baltic review, 1998, No 11, Vilnius. P.91-103 Sociâlie procesi Latvijâ. Rîga, 1998 Social Protection in Europe 1997. European Commission Chapter 2 Adapting to change: recent reforms and key developments, p.39-59 Ch. 4 Making unemployment benefit systems more employment-friendly. p.93- 112 ch. 5. Reforming the transition from work to retirement, p 113- 127 ch 6 . Health-care: containing costs and improving services. p.129- 150 Francis G.Castles The institutional design of the Australian Welfare State International Social Security Review, 1997, vol50, 2/97, p.25-41 Ulrich Walwei and Gerd Zika Social Protection: An obstacle to employment? International Social Security Review, 1997 vol.50, 4/97, p.7-27 Niall O’Higgins The challenge of youth unemployment International Social Security Review, 1997, vol.50, 4/97, p. 63-93 The 25th ISSA General Assembly.Developments and trends in social security, 1993-1995: Report of the Secretary General. part 2. Analysis of recent developments. Ch 6 The reform of Health Systems: Equity, Efficiency and quality of care. International Social Security Review, 1996, vol.49, 2/96, p.77-90; International Social Security Review, 1995. Emmanuel Reynaud Financing retirement pensions: Pay-as-you-go and funded systems in the European Union, vol.48, 3-4/95, p.41-57 Michel Voirin Private and public pension schemes: Elements of a comparative approach. vol.48, 3-4/95, p.91- 141

Alain Euzeby Social security: Indispensable solidarity International Social Security Review, 1997, vol.50, 3/97, p.3-15

Studienprogramm der Politikswissenschaft

Bennenung des Studienkurses: Fachdeutsch Teil B

48 Code des Kurse:

Autor des Kurses: Deutschlektor Inta Sabûrova

Zahl der Kreditpunkte: 4

Annotation des Kurses (Ziehl): Entwicklung der mündlichen Kommunikationsfähigkeit im fachsprachlichen Kontext. Festigung grundlegender struktureller und lexikalischer Kenntnisse. Erwerb von fachgebietsrelevantem Wortschatz und eine Einführung in die typischen Strukturen der Fachsprache. Entwicklung effektiver Lese- und Übersetzungsstrategien. Vermittlung von Redemitteln für das Diskutieren.

Inhalt des Kurses: I. Grammatische Strukturen: Indikativ Aktiv, Nebensätze, Indikativ Passiv, haben (sein) + zu + Infinitiv, Partizipialkonstruktionen. II. Fachtexte in der Politikwissenschaft: Freiheit als Institution - Demokratie; die Verfassung - schaft - Prinzipien und Elemente; Repräsentat des Staates:der Präsident; die Regierung, das Parlament, Parteien, Wahlsysteme: Verhältniswahl, Mehrheitswahl. Deutsche Pressematerialien über aktuelle politische Ereignisse in der Welt.

Bedingungen für den Erhalt der Kreditpunkte: Aneignung der im Fremdsprachenkurs vorgesehenen Kenntnisse, Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten.

Prüfungsform: Vorprüfung (mündlich und schriftlich).

Voraussetzung: Abitur

Literatur: 1. Doris Götting, Wolf-Dieter Michaelli. Bausteine der Demokratie. VISTAS Verlag Berlin, 1991. 2. Hilke Dreyer, Richard Schmidt. Lehr - und Übungsbuch der deutschen Grammatik. Verlag für Deutsch, 1991. 3. Anne Vorderwülbecke, Klaus Vorderwülbecke, Stufen III, Kolleg Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Klett edition Deutsch. 1993. 4. Zeitungen: Presse und Sprache, die Welt.

Lebenslauf von Inta Sabûrova Curriculum vitae

Geburtsjahr: 1947

Personalcode: 1160247 - 10100

Ausbildung: 1965 - 1970 Universität Lettlands, Fremdsprachenfakultät, Studentin 1973.15.02. - 15.06. Staatliches Pädagogisches Fremdspracheninstitut in Moskau, Fakultät für die Qualifikationserhöhung 1979.01.09.- 31.12. Staatliches Pädagogisches Fremdspracheninstitut in Minsk, Fakultät für die Qualifikationserhöhung 1986.06.07.-27.07. Martin-Luther - Universität + Halle-Wittenberg, Internationale Hohschulferienkurse für Germanistik 1993.31.10.-13.11. Deutsche Auslandsgesellschaft - in Lübeck, Fortbildungskurs für Deutschlehrer

Akademische und 1993 Magister (Methodik des Fremdsprachenunterrichts) wissenschaftliche Titel:

Berufliche Tätigkeit: 1970 - 1978 Assistent des Fremdsprachenlehrstuhls an der Lettischen Staatlichen Universität 1978 - 1992 Oberassistent des Fremdsprachenlehrstuhls an der Lettischen Staatlichen Universität seit 1992 Lektor des Sprachenzentrums der Universität Lettlands seit 1995 Lektor an dem Rigaer Institut für Geisteswissenschaften an der Universität Lettlands

Die wissenschaftischen 1. Publikationen und I.Džeriņa, J.Kutasina, I.Sabûrova, “Methodische Anleitung zur die Studienliteratur: deutschen Grammatik für Fernstudenten”, Studienmaterial, Lettische Staatliche Universität, Riga, 1983 2. I.Sabûrova “Übungen zur deutschen Grammatik”, Studienmaterial, Lettische Staatliche Universität, Riga, 1984 3. I.Sabûrova “Fachtexte für Historiker des I Studienjahres”,

50 Lettische Staatliche Universität, Riga, 1984 4. I.Sabûrova “Fachtexte für Historiker des II Studienjahres”, Lettische Staatliche Universität, Riga, 1984 5. I.Sabûrova “Fachtexte für Historiker des III Studienjahres”, Lettische Staatliche Universität, Riga, 1988 6. I.Sabûrova “Deutsch aktiv”, Lehrbuch für den Deutschunterricht, Universität Lettlands, 1991 Akademische Kurse: 1970 - 1997 Fachdeutsch für die Studenten der Fakultät für Geschichte und Philosophie der Universität Lettlands seit 1998 Fachdeutsch für Geschichtsstudenten, 128 akad.St. (2 Semester) Fachdeutsch für Soziologiestudenten und für die Studenten der Sozialarbeit 256 akad.St.(4 Semester) Deutsch als zweite Fremdsprache für die Studenten der Internationalen Beziehungen 128 akad.St. (2 Semester) Fachdeutsch für die Studenten der Politikwissenschaft 64 akad.St. (1 Semester) Fachdeutsch für Psyhologiestudenten, 192 akad.St., 3 Semester

22.03.99.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Professor, Dr.hab.oec. Edvins Vanags Date of birth: 12 July, 1938, Latvian, married Head of the Department of Public Administration of the University of Latvia Director of the Latvian Statistical Institute Kr.Barona street 30, Riga, LV-1011 Latvia Phone: +3717 286876; Fax: +3717 286876; +3717 225039 E-mail: lsi @ latnet.lv Interests: Public Administration Reforms, Comparative Public Administration, Management of Central and Local Government, Territorial Statistics, Municipal Information Systems, Budget of Local Government, Development of Local Economy, Regional Economy

Languages: Latvian, English, Russian

Education:  Latvian Council of Science, 1992, Nostrification of doctor's habil.oec.degree  Institute of Economics, St.Petersbourg, 1988 (corresp.), doctor of econ. science  Institute of Economics, Moscow, 1973 (corresp.), cand. of econ. science

51  University of Latvia, 1961, economist

Additional education: Internship at the Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA, January- May, 1996 Internship at the Winona City Community, Minnesota, USA, January-March, 1993 Short courses (1-2 weeks) in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Hungary, Germany, etc. on problems of state administration and local governments (1991-1995)

Experience:  Professor of the University of Latvia (1992 - present)  Associate Professor of the University of Latvia (1978-1992)  Lecturer of the University of Latvia (1967-1977)  Director of the Latvian Statistical Institute (1991 - present)  Head of the Department of Regional Information of Latvian Statistical Institute (1970-1991)  Head of the Department of the Latvian Statistical Board (1964-1970)  Senior Economist of the Latvian Statistical Board (1963-1964)  Economist of the Latvian Statistical Board (1961-1962) Honors and Awards: Corresponding Member, Latvian Academy of Sciences (1993 - present)

Professional Activities and Memberships:  Chairman of the Council of the Faculty of Economic and Management of the University of Latvia (1997 - present)  Member of the Expert Committee of the Economics and Law Sciences of the Latvian Council of Science (1996 - present)  Member of the Council of Economics Science of the University of Latvia (1992 - present)  Member of the Council of Philosophy and Political Sciences of the University of Latvia (1996 - present)  Member of the Council of Equalization Fund of Local Government Finances (1995 - present)  Member of the Consultative Council of Ethics (1995 - present)  Affiliated Member of the International City Management Association (1992 - present)  Member of the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) (1993 - present)  Member of the Campaign for International Relations of ASPA (1996 - present)  Expert of the European Council in Population Committee (1995-present)  Member of the Committee of Independent Experts on Monitoring the Application of the European Charter of Local Self-Government (1997 - present)  Chairman of the Executive Committee of the International Association “Provision for Local Democracy Development” (1993-1996)  Vice-Chairman of Riga's Center District Council (1990-1994)  Councillor of Riga's Dome (1992-1994)  Member of the Board of the Union of Local-Self-Government of Latvia (1992-1994)

52  Member of the Council of Local Government Reform (1992-1994)

Courses Taught:  Organization of State Administration and Local Government  Local Governments  Comparative Local Governments  Organization and Economy of Local Government

Recent/Representative Publications:  Regional Economic Development in Latvia /Paper presented at the International Conference “The Role of Social Science in the Development of Education, Business and Government Entering the 21’st Century”, Kaunas, 1998, 12 pages.  Public Administration Reforms. – Riga, 1998. - 110 pages (in Latvian)  Public Administration Reforms in Foreign Countries. – Riga, 1998. - 36 pages (in Latvian)  Organization and Economy of Local Government. - Riga: 1997. - 160 pages (in Latvian)  Edvins Vanags, Inga Vilka. The Role of State and Local Governments in the Development of Entrepreneurship /Paper presented at the IPSA XVII World Congress, Seoul, 1997, 27 pages.  Edvins Vanags. Organization and Economy of Local Governments. - Riga: The University of Latvia, 1997. - 160 pages (in Latvian).  Inese Vaidere, Edvins Vanags. The Promotion of Regional Economic Development /Humanities and Social Sciences. Latvia: State and Local Government as Promoters of Economy. 1997. No2(15), pages 47-72.  Per Kristen Mydske, Anton Steen, Edvins Vanags. Public Administration Reforms in Latvia /Hallinnon Tutkimus. 1996. No4, pages 275-281.  Edvins Vanags, Ilmars Vanags, Vilnis Straumens. The Development of Territorial Statistics in Latvia /Proceedings of the Seminar on Regional Statistics, Baden, 1996. Pages 155-158.  Edvins Vanags. The Problems of Central Government Reforms in Latvia /Paper presented at the Seminar/Workshop “Administrative Reforms and Governance in Eastern Europe”, Oslo, 1996, 23 pages  Edvins Vanags. State Administration Reforms in Latvia. - Riga: 1995. - 148 pages (in Latvian)  Edvins Vanags. Organization of Local Government. - Riga: 1995. - 123 pages (in Latvian)  Edvins Vanags. The History and Development of Local Governments in Latvia. - Riga: 1995. - 62 pages (in Latvian)  Edvins Vanags, Inga Vilka. State, Local Governments, and Business - Riga: 1994. - 68 pages (in Latvian)  Edvins Vanags. Local Government Reforms in Latvia and other Baltic States/ Public Finance and Comparative Public Administration Curricula Development and Teaching Methodology //Proceedings from the second summer workshop. - Stara Lesna: 1995. - Pages 124-147  Howard R.Balanoff, Edvins Vanags. Government Reform in Latvia: Developing a New System for the Professional Development and Training of the Latvian Civil Service /Paper presented at the 56th Annual Conference of ASPA, San Antonio, Texas, 1995, 20 pages

53  Howard R.Balanoff, Edvins Vanags. After the Fall of the Soviet Union: The Changing Status of Local Governments in the Republic of Latvia /Paper presented at the 55th Annual Conference of the ASPA, Kansas City, 1994, 21 pages

Research Projects:  Edvins Vanags (Head of Project). The Development of Statistical Information Accordingly International Standards. Latvian Council of Science (1991 - present).  Edvins Vanags (Head of Project). The Development of the Territorial Statistical Information System. The Economic Development Institute of the World Bank and Danish Ministry of Interior (1998).

Experience in PHARE programmes: The expert in the project “An Evaluation of Phare-financed Public Administration Reform Programmes in selected Candidate Member States” (1998).

February 24, 1999

CURRICULUM VITAE

Surname: Prikulis First name: Juris Date and place of birth 09.12.1939, Riga, Latvia Citizenship Latvian Private address Laimdotas 6-1 Riga LV-1006 Latvia Phone 371-7556288 Education and academic titles: 1993 - Dr.phil. (dissertation on Herbert Marcuse’s political philosophy), Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Latvian Academy of Sciences; 1977 - Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Department of philosophy, Moscow State University; 1963 - Historian, Department of History and philology, University of Latvia. Academic Career: 1994/1995 up to date - lecturer ( part time), Department of Political Science, University of Latvia; 1992 up to date - scientific coordinator (1992-94), director (since 1994), Centre of Baltic-Nordic History and Political Studies, Riga; 1995-1997 - research fellow, NATO

54 1989-1992 - head of a department, project director, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology (formerly Institute of Philosophy and Law), Latvian Academy of Sciences. 1990-1998 - grant receiver, visiting scholar, guest lecturer at universities and research centres in Gdansk, Oslo, Berlin, Copenhagen, New York, Tampere (Finland), Cologne, Marburg a.o. 1979-1989 - senior research fellow, head of a department, Institute of Economics, Latvian Academy of Sciences; 1973-1979 - research fellow, Institute of History, Latvian Academy of Sciences; 1969-1972 - post graduate student, Faculty of philosophy, Moscow State University; 1966-1969 - lecturer, Department of philosophy, Riga Technical University; 1963-1967 - teacher at high school in Ugale (Latvia), researcher, head of department at Joint Directorate of Museums of History and Revolution (Riga). Publications More than 150 publications (books and articles on history of Latvia, history of philosophy and ideas, economics, politics, foreign policy, international relations transition from totalitarian to democratic society, relationships between Baltic countries and the EU). Among them: 1. Migration and repatriation issues in post-Soviet countries: the Latvian case (NATO Research Fellow Final Report, Riga, 1997); 2. Market regulation in Latvia. In: Dahl B.,Shiratori R. (eds), Law, economics and business in melting pot: the case of regional development and cooperation in the Baltic States. Vedbaek, Tokai University European Center, 1997, (co- author with F. Klavins); 3. Conversion of military industry and other military facilities in Latvia. In: Prunskiene K., Altvater E. (eds), Transformation, Cooperation and Conversion.Dordrecht, Kluver Academic Publishers, 1996; 4. The foreign Policies of the Baltic Countries: Basic Issues. Riga, Centre of Baltic-Nordic History and Political Studies, 1994; 5. Arzemju literatura par Latviju ( Foreign literature about Latvia). Riga,Publishing House of the Latvian Academy of Sciences,1992.

International academic conferences: During 1989 -1998 more than 40 presentations at international conferences in Riga, Vilnius, Tallinn, Stockholm, New York, Oslo, Toronto, Moscow, Bochum, Tel-Aviv, Berlin, Copenhagen, Tampere, Kiel, Stavanger, Marburg Prague, Budapest, a.o.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal details

Name Ilga Apine Professor, Doctor habil. of History

Date 23.03.1928

Telephone (371) 7217 492 (office)

Education

1992 Dr. hab. hist. 1978 Academy of Science of Latvia, Professor 1975 Professor 1973 Professor, Doctor habil. of History 1953 Lecturer, Associate Professor, University of Latvia 1950 University of Latvia, Faculty of Languages

Languages Latvian, Russian, English, Polish

Professional Career

1996 Advisor to the Council of Nationalities, Office of the President of Latvia 1989 Ihe Chief Researcher, Academy of Science of Latvia, Institute of Psilosophy and Sociology 1953 - 1989 University of Latvia, Lecturer, Associate professor, Professor

The Courses of Lectures

Ethnopolitics and Ethnopsychology National Monorities in Latvia: history and contemporary

Publications

56 Latvian Socialdemocracy and National Problem (1893 - 1920) Ethnopolitics in Latvia (1940 - 1988)

in preparation:

Personnel and National Politics (1940 - 1953) History of Nomenclature in Latvia Dissidentism in Latvia National Self-consciousness of Latvians

Fields of Research Interests

Ethnopolitics: post-soviet period; Ethnosociology: pecularities of self- consciousness of Latvians and Non-latvians

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Mikelis Ashmanis

Place and year of birth: Riga, 1931.

Education: Latvian University, Faculty of Law; graduated 1953.

Academic titles and degrees: 1969 - Dr.of history 1972 - Associate professor 1985 - Dr. habil.Phil. 1986 - Professor

Academic activties: 1954 - 1956 Latvian University, lecturer; 1956 - 1964 Latvian Institute of Phisical Training, lecturer; 1958 - 1965 Latvien Museum of History, scientific director; 1965 - 1982 Politechnical Institute of Riga, lecturer, ass. professor; since 1982 Latvian University, ass. professor, manager of departament, professor.

57 Main directions of research and teaching activities: Theory of politics, political consiousness, politcal behaviour.

Scientific publications Monographies 2 Articles in scientific magazins and books 31 Vocabularies 7 Thesis for scientific conferences 17 Others 6

Teaching publications: Teaching books 3 Teaching aids 15 Methodical articles 7 Programmes of academic courses 13

Common number of publications 101

Knowledge of languages: Latvian, Russian, German.

Riga, February 23., 1999.

Dace Jansone lecturer

CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Personal data

Data of birth: 1 October, 1971 Place of birth: Dobele, Latvia

2. Education

1990-1994 - student in bachelor program in sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosphy, University of Latvia. Received degree - BA in Sociology. 1994-1996 - student in master program in sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. Received degree - MA in Sociology since 1996 doctoral student in sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia.

3. Academic titles and scientific degrees

1994 BA in Sociology

58 1996 MA in Sociology

4. Professional activity since 1996 Teaching assistant in Department of Political Science/Public Administration, EuroFaculty. (courses: Policy Analysis, Public Administration, Liberal Democracy and the State, Models of Democracy, Theories of Bureaucracy, Comparative Administrative Systems). since 1997 lecturer in Riga Humanitarian Institute. since 1998 lecturer in Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. since 1998 lecturer in Vidzeme University College.

5. Languages

Latvian - native language English - good Russian - good

6. The main research activities

Public Administration Comparative Administration Policy Analysis Public Policy Public Organizations Theories of Bureaucracy

7. Academic courses

1997 Public Administration for political science students in Riga Humanitarian Institute. 1998 Introduction to Public Administration for students of Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. 1998 Introduction to Public Administration for graduate students of Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. 1998 Policy Analysis I for political science students in Vidzeme University College. 1998 Introduction to Public Administration for political science students in Vidzeme University College. 1999 Policy Analysis II for political science students in Vidzeme University College. 1999 Introduction to Public Administration for political science students of department of Political Science, University of Latvia

59 1999 Theories of Bureaucracy for students of Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. 1999 Consumer Culture for students of Department of Sociology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. 1999 Comparative Administrative Systems for political science students in Riga Humanitarian Institute. 1999 Comparative Administrative Systems for political science students of department of Political Science, University of Latvia

Dace Jansone

February 24, 1999

CURRICULUM VITAE Mihail Rodin

OFFICE:

Department of Political Science University of Latvia Rainis blv.19 Riga LV - 1098 Latvia

MAIL ADRESS:

Riga, LV - 1079 Ezensteina, 79 - 128 Phone: 536027 E- mail:rodin acad.latnet.lv.

EDUCATION:

M.S. (Philosophy, Sociology). University of Latvia (1981). The Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia. Title of M.S. Political organization in Japan.

Ph.D. (Sociology), Moscow Institute of Sociology (1989). Title of Ph.D. : Political education of the youth in Latvia.

ACADEMIC POSITIONS:

Researcher. The Department of Sociology, University of Latvia (1981 - 1984).

60 Lecturer of Comparative Politics. The Department of Political Science, University of Latvia (1984-).

TECHING and RESEARCH FIELDS.

Teaching courses:

Introduction in political science. Introduction to comparative politics. Political Sociology. Post-Soviet Russian politics. Political culture during the transition to democracy. Research work: Political culture and participation; national identity, ethnic conflicts and nacional integration; political elite in Russian Federation; comparative methodology.

Participation in the projects:

‘’Political elite in Latvia’’, (1990) ‘’National prejudice: Denmark and Latvia’’ (1991); ‘’Political system in Denmark and Baltic States: comparative analysis’’ (1992-1993). ‘’Political action in Baltic States during the transition towards democracy’’. The Grantee of NATO Research Fellowship (09.1993-12.1994). ‘’National identity, nationalism and political participation in Latvia’’(1995-1996).

The present on-going research: ‘’Political elite in Russian’’, (09.1996-).

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIANCE:

One year guest student of political science at Aarhus University, Denmark in 1991.

Attended the following graduate courses:

Introduction to political science and Danish Society. The pluralist tradition. Liberal-conservative reform policy. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Before and now. The politics of transition: the Soviet and Eastern European development in comparative perspective. The modern theories of citizenship. Comparative politics.

Invited researcher:

Institute of Political Science, University of Aarhus (1993). The Department of Political Science, University ofWales, Swansea (1994, 1995). The University of London, UK, (1995). ULB, Brussels (1995).

61 The Department of Political Science University of Oslo (1995, 1996). University of Hull, UK (1998).

SELECTED RECENT PUBLICATIONS:

‘’Foundations of Democracy’’, 1993, Riga, Latvia, co-author. The Latvian transit to democracy: comparative perspective, University of Latvia Riga, 1993. ‘’Political trust in government in Baltic States’’, University of Wales, Swansea, 1993. ‘’Political action in Latvia during the transition to democracy’’, University of Latvia, Riga, 1994. Rodin M., Strupiss A., The Euroidentity and national identity in Latvia. Riga, Latvia: Public Politicy Research Institute’ Latvia’,1996. The attitudes towards national identity in Latvia ( from the Latvian and Russian perspectives), University of Bern, 1996.

‘’The political identity and participation of the residents of Latvia and their attitudes toward Russia’’, Centre of Baltic-Nordic History and Political Studies, Riga, Latvia, 1997, (in print). ‘’National identity and the ways for democratic integration of Latvian society’’, University of Oslo, Norway, 1997. ‘ ’ The modern comparative political analysis’’, Euro Faculty, University of Latvia, Riga, 1998. ‘ ’ The political identity and attitudes towards the threat of military agression of Russia in Latvia’’, University of Warwic, 1998.

Works in progress:

‘’The Russian politics after post-Soviet period ‘’, Euro Faculty, University of Latvia, 1998. University of Latvia, Riga, 1998. Social stratification and inequatity’’, Euro Faculty, University of Latvia, Riga, 1998. ‘’Political identity, stability and civic control over the national army in Latvia’’, Department of Political Science, University of Latvia, Riga, 1998. ‘ ’ Election in Latvia: 1998’’, Department of Political Science, University of Latvia, Riga, 1998.

62 Rubîna Aina Curriculum vitae

Year of birth: 1938 Education: 1957 - 1962 Latvian State University, Faculty of phylology Work experience: Since 1989 Latvian University, Departament of the Practical Latvian language 1966 - 1989 Academy of Science, Institute of Language and Literature, scientific assistant in the Departament of Mathematical Linguistics 1965 a teacher at Vangazi secondary school Scientific publications: 1962 - 1964 a teacher at Burtnieku eight year school Articles in scientific magazines and collected editions.- 6, dictionaries - 6, conference thesis - 4, Academic courses and textbooks - 2 lectures: programmes of academic courses - 4 Practical Latvian Language for Law Faculty academic programme Practical Latvian language for Fdaculty of Economics Academic programme Latvian language culture for Faculty of Law Economics Geography, Librarian sciences Latvian language culture for Russian nationality.

Date: December 22,1998. A.Rubîna

Curriculum Vitae

Andris Runcis Antonijas iela 26 - 8 Riga, LV1010, Latvia Ph. pr. (371)7333.464 E-mail: [email protected]

63 Date of birth: April 15, 1952 Nationality & citizenship: Latvian Marital status: married, one daughter (1972)

Academic degrees: 1975 MA (Philosophy, sociology), University of Latvia) 1992 Ph.D. (Sociology).

Positions: 1993 - to date Head of the Department of Political Science at the University of Latvia 1994 to date Director, Riga Humanities institute at theUniversity of Latvia 1986 Senior lecturer, Associate Professor in Political Science, Department of Political Science at the University of Latvia 1975-1986 Researcher in Sociology, Department of Sociology at the University of Latvia

Publications: Articles in scientific journals 5 Filesin dictionaries 5 Conference thesis 14

Research fields: Re-emergence of multiparty system and interest groups in Latvia during transition from totalitarianism to democracy. Electoral behaviour in Latvia. Comparative analysis of electoral systems. Democratisation in Latvia. Public policy and administration.

Teaching courses:

Introduction to politics. Quantitative methods. Electoral behaviour. Public policy and adminstration.

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Details

Name: Signe Sole Date of birth: 20 December 1967 Home Address: 15 Kremeri, Riga LV-1007 Nationality: Latvian

64 Mareital Status: Single Telephone: 2 435 491

Education and Qualifications:

1997-1998 Engaged in research on PhD thesis, Bruxelles Free University, European Studies 1995-1997 M.A. student of International Affairs, Department of International Relations, University of Latvia (Latvia and EU: Opportunities and Constraints) 1992-1994 M.A. student of Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Latvia 1986-1992 Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia

WORK EXPERIENCE: 1995-1997 Assistant,Latvian Institute of International Affairs 1993-1994 Manager on International Business cooperation, Riga 1991-1993 Secretary, University of Latvia, Department of Social Science

OTHER SKILLS: Latvian, English, German, and Russian languages

Seminars and conferences:

1997 Summer School on Common Foreign and Security Policy, Berlin 1996 The Baltic Dimension of European Integration, Riga 1995 EU and NATO enlargement and Baltic states, Riga 1995 Democracy, Security and International Affairs, Riga 1995 How to organize the International conferences? Hungary INTERESTRESTS: The impact of the integration of the EastEuropean countries with the European Union on Baltic Security;Regional Cooperation and Integration in the EU cooperation and Integration in the EU

CURRICULUM VITAE

Zaneta Ozolina

PERSONAL

Place of Birth: Riga, Latvia Date of Birth: 2 March 1957 Marital Status: Married, 2 children

65 Home Address: Zvaigznaju gatve 8 - 39, LV - 1082, Riga, Latvia Home Telephone: 371 - 2571331 Office Address: Raina Blvd. 19, LV - 1098, Riga, Latvia Office Telephone: 371 - 7282297, 371 - 7217492 Office Fax: 371 - 7828089, 371 - 2225039 E - mail: [email protected]

EDUCATION 1984 - 1987 Ph. D. University of Latvia, Faculty of History and Philosophy and University of Kiev, Faculty of Philosophy 1975 - 1980 B. A. and M. A. University of Latvia, Faculty of History and Philosophy

LANGUAGES Latvian, Russian, English

WORK EXPERIENCE 1989 - Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Latvia 1992 - Research Fellow, Research Project Manager, Latvian Institute of International Relations 1995 - Associate Professor, Riga Institute for Humanities, part time 1993 - 1994 Executive Director, Latvian Center for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies 1987 - 1989 Senior Lecturer, University of Latvia 1980 - 1987 Lecturer, University of Latvia

STUDIES ABROAD 1996 June Research Fellow, Center for Conflict and Peace Research, Copenhagen 1996 January - University of Hull February 1994 August - University of Massachusetts, Fulbright scholar December 1994 May Hansard Society, Parliamentary Democracy in Britain 1994 January University of Aarhus 1992 July - University of Oslo August 1992 October - University College of Swansea 1993 January PUBLICATIONS

1996 The Baltic States in the Late 90’s: Interest and Opportunities, New Poland in New Europe. Warszaw: Institute of Political Studies. ( In progress ) 1996 The Role of Regional Cooperation: The Latvian Perspective, The Case of Regional Development and

66 Cooperation in the Baltic States, Copenhagen: Copenhagen School of Business. ( In progress ) 1996 Pasaules politika, Demokrâtijas pamati, Rìga: Latvijas Ârpolitkas institúts (The World Politics, The Basics of Democracy ). ( In progress ) 1996 The Baltic States and its Northern Neighbours:Foreign and Security Policy Perspectives, Cuadernos del Este, November 1996. 1996 Latvijas drosibas politika un Eiropas Savieniba, Latvija un Eiropas Savieniba, Nr. 1. (Latvian Security Policy and the EU, Latvia and the EU), Nr. 1. 1996 Latvian Security Policy, The Baltic States: Search for Security. Riga: Latvian Institute of International Affairs. 1996 The Nordics and the Baltics: A Sub - Region in the Making?Baltic States: Search for Security. Riga: Latvian Institute of International Affairs. 1995 Small States in Big Powers' Sorrounding - Security Aspects, Latvia in World Politics: Constraints and Opportunities. Riga: Latvian Institute of International Affairs. 1995 Ari Lars jauc mitu ar realitati ( Lars Mixes Myth With Reality, Too). Labrit, October 10 . 1994 External Constraints of Latvian Security Policy, The Transition Towards Democracy: Experience in Latvia and in the World. Riga: University of Latvia. 1994 Domasana drosibas kategorijas ( Thinking in Security Terms ). Diena, March 7. 1994 Latvija Ziemelvalstu skatijuma ( Latvia From the Nordic Perspective ). Labrit, February 16 - 17. 1994 Vai drosiba ir atkariga no aizsardzibas? ( Does Security Depend on Defence? ). Labrit, February 11. 1992 Ievads starptautiskas attiecibas ( Introduction to International Relations ). Riga: Latvijas Universitate. 1992 Cultural Environmental Needs. Riga: University of Latvia. 1991 Hrestomatija politikas zinatne ( Reading Book in Political Science). 1. gramata. Riga: Latvijas Universitate. 1991 Hrestomatija politikas zinatne (Reading Book in Political Science ).2. gramata. Riga: Latvijas Universitate. 1991 Musdienu pasaules globalas attistibas doktrinas ( Contemporary Doctrines of World Development ). Riga: Latvijas Republikas Tautas Izglitibas Ministrija. 1991 Materiali lekcijai '' Musdienu pasaules globalas attistibas doktrinas'' ( Reading Book for the Lecture '' Contemporary Doctrines of the World Development''). Riga: Latvijas Republikas Tautas Izglitibas Ministrija.

67 1990 Ievads politikas zinâtnè. Programma sabiedriskajâ zinatnè( Framework to Social Sciences: Introduction to Political Science). Riga: Latvijas Republikas Tautas Izglitibas Ministrija. 1989 Studentu estetiska audzinasana ( The Aesthetical Education of Students ). Riga: Latvijas Universitate. 1988 Profesionalas kulturas butiba ( The Essence of Professional Culture). Riga: Latvijas Universitate.

CONFERENCES

1996 Creating Nonviolent Futures, 16th General Conference of the IPRA, Brisbane. 1996 International Symposium on Law, Economics and Business. Law, Economics and Business in the Melting Pot: The Case of Regional Development and Cooperation in the Baltic States, Copenhagen. 1996 Seminar on the Nordic - Baltic Sea Region, Stockholm. 1995 The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: Security, Cooperation and Human Rights, Halki. 1995 Democracy, Security and International Affairs, Riga. 1995 The World in the Mid - Nineties: Economic Competition and Political Corrosion, 16th Seminar on International Security,Geneva. 1995 Nordic - Baltic Peace Research Conference, Lohusalu. 1995 The First Conference on Baltic Studies in Europe, Riga. 1995 Baltic Security, Riga. 1994 ECPR Conference, Madrid. 1994 NATO Tour for the Baltic Public Opinion Makers, Brussels. 1993 Security in Central and Eastern Europe, Prague. 1993 EPRA Conference, Budapest. 1992 British International Studies Association Conference, Swansea. 1992 Open World, Copenhagen. 1991 Swedish Political Scientists Annual Meeting, Stockholm.

LECTURES

1996, September 9 The Baltic-Nordic Co-operation: Present State and Future Prospects, for the journalists working for the Baltic Assambly. 1996, June 5 The Baltic Security, Center for Russian and Eastern European Studies, Gothenburg University, for students and faculty.

68 1996, May 30 Latvia in Transition: Gains and Looses, for Swedish public opinion makers, Riga. 1996, March 4 Latvia on the Way to EU and NATO, for Norwegian students, Riga. 1995, April 18 Changes in American Foreign Policy and Its Impact on the Baltic Security, USIS Riga. 1995, March 27 Latvian Foreign and Security Policy, for Norwegian students, Riga. 1994, April 11 The Goals of Latvian Foreign Policy, for students from Belgium, Riga. 1992, May 18 The Formation of Party System in Latvia, University of Gothenburg for the Faculty. 1992, July 26 Problems of Democratization in Latvia, University of Oslo, for students.

ACADEMIC AFFILIATIONS

International Institute of Strategic Studies, Nordic-Baltic Chapter member. EuroFaculty, Academic Advisory Board member. Latvian Center for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies, Board member. American Studies Association, Riga. Association of Latvian Scholars.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

International Politics, International and Regional Security, Baltic Security, Societal Security, Etnic Processes.

As a participant in the European Union Visitors Programme, Dr. OZOLIÐA will visit Brussels, Doublin and Paris. She will use her EUVP grant to study a range of issues as outlined in the attached Statment of Purpose.

Dr. OZOLIÐA will be travelling alone throughout this visit to Europe.

CURRICULUM VITAE FELICIANA RAJEVSKA

Date of birth: January 28, 1943 Place of birth: Kraslavas district, Latvia Nationality: Latvian Marital status: Married, one daughter Address: Home: Bruninieku iela 49-4, Riga, LV-1011; ph. 371 2 274 743

69 Work: Department of Political Science University of Latvia Raina blvd.19, Riga, LV-1586; ph. 371-7-217-492 fax- 371 7 225 039; e-mail - [email protected]

Education: 1961-1965 - University of Latvia, Fac.of Philology, Russian language and literature; 1971-1974 - doctoral student (aspirant); Depart. of Social Science, University of Latvia; 1995 - Sertificate of Public Administration Course from Eurofaculty, Riga

Academic degrees: 1975 - Ph.dr.; University of Latvia; 1995 - MA in political science; University of Latvia 1997 - Dr. pol.sc. University of Latvia 1998 - LU docente

Studies abroad: 1989, September - 1990, January- University of Moscow, Institute of Retraining Lecturers 1991, August-November- University of Oslo, Inst. of Pol. Sc., Nordic Council Scholarship 1993, June and !995 (April- May) - Aarhus University, Inst. of Pol.Sc., TEMPUS scholarship 1994, February-May - Department of Politics University of Wales, (Swansea) and Hansard Society Parliamentary Democracy workshop; British Council scholarship; 1994, November- Course of Policy Analysis, Latvia's School of Public Administration, Bornholm, Denmark; 1 week PHARE scholarship; 1996, November, 1 week -Open European University, Curric. Research Center, Budapest; 1996, January-February - Brussels Free University, TEMPUS 4 weeks scholarship 1997, January-February, 1998, March, 1999, January-February - Hull University(UK), TEMPUS 4 weeks scholarship

Languages: Latvian, Russian, English

Professional experience: Since February 1999 — Director of Master Progr., Depart. of pol.sc. University of Latvia Since September 1998 — Docente of the Depart. of Political Science University of Latvia Since February 1996 - Teaching assistant, lecturer of the Eurofaculty August —December 1996 — World Bank Local consultant 1993-1995 — Coordinator of TEMPUS programm Political Science in Baltic States 1989 - 1998 - Lecturer of the Dep. of Political Science University of Latvia; 1977 - 1989 - Sen. Lecturer, Docent of the Dep.. of Social Science University of Latvia; 1974 - 1977 - Researcher in the Inst. of History. and Philosophy of the Latvian Academy of Science; 1969 - 1970 - Librarian of the Department of Social Science; 1965 -1969 - Youth organization's leader in the University of Latvia;

Research activity: Since 1991 - social policy making during transition in Latvia. March 1996 - August 1997 - research correspondent of the project of Council of Europe "Human Dignity and Social Exclusion"; 1999 — Consensus 2 Monitoring Social Protection Reform in CEEC.

Papers, which I have presented on international conferences and seminars

70 1996 - Towards the Reform of Health Care Policy in Latvia. (1990-1995). Paper presented at the European Consortium of Political Science (ECPR) workshop on "Beyond the Health Care State. New Dimensions in Health Politics in Europe", Oslo, March 29 - April 3, 1996 1994 Latvia in a Search of a Social Policy Model - The European Legacy. Towards New Paradigms. IV conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas, Graz, Austria, August 1994. I was chair of the workshop "Social Policy in Post-communist societies: Legacy and Innovation 1994 Economic Constraints Meeting the Development of Social Policy in Latvia. -26 ICSW International Conference Global Welfare , Finland, Tampere, July 1994 1994 The Social Dimension of the Transition From a Command Economy to a Market Economy in Latvia. Paper, presented to an Annual Conference of Political Studies Association (UK), March 29-31, 1994. University College of Swansea. 1992 Social policy in Latvia during Transition: wishes and realities. // International Conference "Transition To Democracy: Experience in Latvia and in the World, Riga, November 1992 1992 The first steps of Social Policy in Latvia . //Third Conference of the International Society for the study of the European Ideas "European Integration and the European Mind" Aalborg, Denmark, August.

Academic courses, which I am delivering for bachelours and master students

Social policy (A- compulsory) - 64 hours Policy Analysis (A) (in cooperation with Eurofaculty ) -64 hours Analysis of Policy Process in Latvia during transition - 96 hours Social Policy in Transition Societies (B - optional) - 32 hours

Feliciana Rajevska List of recent publications in 1990s 1999 – Valsts varas institūcijas Latvijas Republikā (kopā ar V.Rajevski), Rīga, lpp. 48 1998 – Social Policy in the Republic of Latvia During Transition//Revue Baltique, Vilnius, 1998, No.11, p.91-103 1997 — Human Dignity and Social Exclusion. Latvia. Country Report. Council of Europe. 1997 - Nodaïa "Sociâlâ politika" // Socioloìijas pamati. Vârdnîca. Rîga 1996 Latvia in a Search of a Social Policy Model// The European Legacy. Towards New Paradigms. Special Issue. Journal of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas sponsored by the European Cultural Foundation, April 1996, vol. 1, number 2 1996 Sociâlâs politikas modeïi // Cilvçks un dzîve socioloìijas skatîjumâ, Rîga 1996 Sociâlâ politika pçcsociâlisma zemçs // Cilvçks un dzîve socioloìijas skatîjumâ, Rîga 1996 Towards the Reform of Health Care Policy in Latvia (1990-1995). Paper presented at the European Consortium of Political Science (ECPR) workshop on "Beyound the Health Care State. New Dimensions in Healths Politics in Europe", Oslo, March 29 - April 3, 1996

71 1995 ch. Social rights // Foundation of Democracy (In Russian) –Rîga 1995 Economic Constraints Meeting the Development of Social Policy in Latvia// Social Policy in Transition Societies. Experience from the Baltic Countries and Russia, Helsinki 1995 Social Exclusion and Human Dignity in Latvia. Council of Europe expert meeting in Strasbourg, 1995, July

1994 Social policy in Latvia during Transition: wishes and realities. (in Russian) The Transition Towards Democracy: Experience in Latvia and in the World. Riga 1994 The Social Dimension of the Transition From a Command Economy to a Market Economy in Latvia. Paper, presented to an Annual Conference of Political Studies Association (UK), March 29-31, 1994. University College of Swansea.

1993 Program socialnej politiky v prechodnom obdobi k demokracii v Lotve: prve kroky.- Ekonomicky Èasopis Journal of Economics, 1993, Nr.3 (41), Bratislava 1993 Sociâlâs tiesîbas // Demokrâtijas pamati", Rîga

1990 Sociâldemokrâtija mûsdienu pasaulç. Rîga 1990 The perception of ethnic relations by the students of the University of Latvia. (In Russian) University of Latvia, vol.557. 1990 Nacionâlâ politika. Rîga, LU

Feliciana Rajevska

CURRICULUM VITAE Personal details

Name Daina Bara

Date 08.02.1951.

Address Dzelzavas str. 61-33 Riga, LV-1084 Latvia

Telephone 9285425 (371) 7 217 492 (office)

72 Education 1997 Doctor pol.sc., University of Latvia

1990 Ph.D. (Philosophy) Sverdlovsk University

1980.-1983. University of Latvia Doctoral Studies.

1973.- 1978 University of Latvia Faculty of History and Philosophy

Languages Latvian Russian English

Professional Career 1997.- till now Associate professor, University of Latvia 1997.- till now Director of Public Relations Center, University of Latvia 1994.- 1997. Lecturer at the Institute of Humanities 1989. -1997. Lecturer at the Department of Political Science University of Latvia

1986.- 1989. Lecturer University of Latvia

1978.- 1986. The head of student research department. University of Latvia

Studies abroad 1996.- 1997. Fulbright scholar, Indiana University, USA

1995 May - June University of Wales, Swansea

1994 June - July Aarhus University, Denmark

1992 July - December University of Oslo. Norway

Conferences 1997 ALA Conference, Chicago, USA

1996 Transition to Democracy. Indiana University, Bloomington, USA

73 1995 IUC - Europe, Denmark International Educational Links to the Baltics

1995 The 1 st Conference on Baltic Studies in Europe, Riga

1993 Conference in Strasbourg

1992 Conference on European Security, Norway

1992 Development of Political Systems in Baltic States, Oslo, Norway

1992 Towards to Democracy, Riga

The courses of lectures Latvian Politics Political History of Baltic Sea Region States Introduction to Political Science European Political Systems Comparative Baltic Studies Fields of research interests Transition to Democracy, Political Parties, Political Systems

Fields of interesents and research

Specific contribution to the project according to previous expierence, studies and research:

1996 Project leader Public Relations - health service reform Riga Anthority Health Board

1998 Project leader Public Relations Development - Riga District Health Fund

1998 Leading Researcher and Project Coordinator Country enhabitants and attitude to development and problems in the countryside - LR Agricultural Ministry

74 1998 - Project leader Public Realations to development of primary health - care in Latvia. Obligatory National Health insurance Central Foundation

CURRICULUM VITAE VALDIS BERGS

Place of Birth : Limbazhi, Latvia Date of Birth : October 22, 1960 Home Address : Ilukstes 109/2 - 85, Riga, LV - 1082, Latvia Office Address : Brivibas Boulv. 32, Riga, LV - 1050, Latvia Office Telephone: + 371 7 217492 Office Fax: + 371 7 820113 Education : Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia (1984 - 1989), Post - graduate student (1990 - 1993) Dissertation topic : The Dynamics of Ideology in Transition Society - The Case of Latvia. Languages : Latvian, English, Russian

Studies Abroad : University of Oslo, Norway, Theory of Ideology (October - November, 1991). University of Umea, Sweden, Internationa Summer School, Theory of Democracy, (July - August, 1992). University College of Swansea, UK, Modern Political Ideologies, (January - April, 1993). University of Hull, UK, Ideological Dimensions of Parlamentary Elections, (April - May, 1997). University of Lisboa, Portugal, Transition in Portugal (March, 1998). Work Expierence: Assistant, The Department of Political Science, University of Latvia (1989 - 1990). Lecturer, The Department of Political Science, University of Latvia (since 1993). Academic Courses: History of Political Ideas Modern Political Ideologies Political Elite Theory of Ideology Dynamics of Ideology in Transition Societies. Conferences : Democracy and Political Science II - Oslo, 14 - 20 October, 1991.

75 Transition to Democracy. Expierence in Latvia and the World - Riga, 12 14 November, 1992. Law, Justice and the State - IVR 16th World Congress, Reykjavik, 26 May - 2 June, 1993. Interest Fields : Theory of Ideology and Dynamics of Ideology in Transition Societies and Modern World.

Lebenslauf von Ojars SKUDRA (Curriculum vitae)

Geburtsdatum: 16.03.1949

Identitätsnummer: 160349 - 10114

Bildung: Hochschulsbildung

Akademische und wissenschaftlische Titeln: Dozent (29.01.1996); Dr.hist. (09.12.1992)

Tätigkeit: Dozent am Lehrstuhl für Kommunikation und Journalistik der Philologischen Fakultät der Universität Lettlands.

Wichtige wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung: 1. Garlieb Merkel und die Letten nach 200 Jahren: politische Publizistik als Dienerin der Macht und Hilfskraft für die Zukunft. In: Nachruchten der Akademie der Wissenschaften Lettlands, Bd.51, Teil A, Sozial- u. Geistewissenschaften, Nr.1/2, 1997, S.114-123. 2. Die deutsch-baltische Presse: 1919 - 1939. In: Die Presse Lettlands: 1918 - 1940, Riga, 1996, S. 424 - 438. 3. Transformationsprozesse in der Gesselschaft und im Pressenwesen Lettlands (1986 - 1997). In: Vom Instrument der Partei zur “Vierten Gewalt”. Die ostmitteleuropäische Presse als zeithistorische Quelle. Hrsg.von E.Mühle, Verlag Herder - Institut, Marburg, 1997, S. 201 - 218. 4. Das Rundfuksystem Lettlands. In: Internationales Handbuch für Hörfunk und Fernsehen 1998/9, Baden-Baden/ Hamburg, S. 394 - 401.

Wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeit: Selbstständige Forschungsprojekte zu Themen der internationalen und politischen Kommunikation sowie der Kommunikationsgeschichte Lettlands.

Akademische Vorlesungsreihen: 1. Public Relations als Management der Kommunikationsbeziehungen - 48 St. 2. Internationale und globale Kommunikation - 32 St. 3. Einführung ins Studium. Elemente der wissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeit - 32 St. 4. Journalistik der Welt. Journalistik und Massenmedien in Ländern Zentral- u. Nordeuropas - 32 St.

76 Datum: 21.12.1998

/O.Skudra/