DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Food Systems in Northern Ontario

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Food Systems in Northern Ontario Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations from 2009 2014-12-16 Natural resource management and Indigenous food systems in Northern Ontario LeBlanc, Joseph William http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/589 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Food Systems in Northern Ontario By Joseph William LeBlanc A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forest Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario September 2014 Economic development, more than any single issue, is the battle line between two competing worldviews. Tribal people’s fundamental value was sustainability, and they conducted their livelihoods in ways that sustained resources and limited inequalities in their society. What made traditional economies so radically different and so very fundamentally dangerous to Western economies were the traditional principles of prosperity of Creation versus scarcity of resources, of sharing and distribution versus accumulation and greed, of kinship usage rights versus individual exclusive ownership rights, and of sustainability versus growth. Rebecca Adamson ii Abstract LeBlanc, J.W. 2014. Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Food Systems in Northern Ontario. 195 pp. The forests and freshwaters of Northern Ontario are complex socio-ecological systems that have provided opportunities to sustain local lives, economies, and cultures since time immemorial. Through nation-to-nation agreements, Indigenous nations ceded land title to the Crown through treaties in which the Crown promised them enhanced livelihood. The treaties articulated the rights of each party to share access to these lands, and the Canadian courts continue to describe the nature and extent of the rights of each party as well as their duties and responsibilities. Despite great developments in Canadian society, descendants of the Indigenous treaty signatories have experienced disproportionately high rates of unemployment, negative health outcomes, low education rates, and increased food insecurity. The legislative framework guiding Crown land management in Ontario is strongly rooted in Canada’s colonial past; thus the Indigenous land user’s access to foods is largely disassociated from the perspective of the Crown land manager. This research explores assumptions associated with Crown forest management in Ontario based on the purposes of the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, with specific objectives linking participant action research with independent thesis-action research. Community-based research priorities are reflected in in each chapter within the context of Indigenous food systems and natural resource management in Northern Ontario. The major findings of this research confirm that if meeting social, economic, and environmental needs of present and future generations is the purpose of Crown forest management, then based on experiences of Indigenous land users, the paradigm in which natural resource management occurs should be re-evaluated. The researcher provides recommendations for forest managers, including shifting the current knowledge paradigm from the primarily quantitative approach to a more holistic paradigm that includes qualitative information. To achieve this recommendation, the need to reform required training for forest management authorities, to include Indigenous worldviews as well as iii Aboriginal and Treaty Rights. Furthermore, in order to meet the needs of Indigenous land users, the natural resource management paradigm should be expanded to include food system management. Finally, lessons learned from the research project are presented as the 4Rs for rebuilding food sovereignty: reclaim, reorganize, re-skill, and restore. Keywords: Indigenous food systems, Natural resource management, Food Sovereingty, Forest Management, Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, Socieal Enterprise, Ontario, First Nations iv CONTENTS Abstract .................................................. ii List of Tables ........................................... viii List of Figures.............................................ix Acknowledgements and Dedications.............................x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Objectives of the Study ..................................... 3 Research Area - Northern Ontario ............................ 4 The Case Study Community - Aroland First Nation ............. 6 Literature Review .......................................... 7 Title and Rights of Nations and People ................... 7 Responsibility for Indians and Lands Reserved for Indians..11 Responsibility for Natural Resource Management............ 11 The Duty to Consult and the Right to be Consulted......... 14 Indigenous Food Systems ................................. 16 Traditional Economy..................................... 19 Western Theories of Aboriginal Economic Development - Economic development as a Tool of Civilization.......... 23 Aboriginal Participation in the Market Economy/Society – Aboriginal Theories.................................. 24 Strengthening Aboriginal Worlds......................... 27 Development and Life Project............................. 29 How Indigenous Land Uses on Crown Lands are Managed....... 30 v Methods Across All Studies.................................. 38 My Perspective.......................................... 38 Building Relationships and Co-developing Research Themes .............................................. 43 Thesis Organization........................................ 47 CHAPTER 2: WHAT HAPPENED TO INDIGENOUS FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN NORTHERN ONTARIO: UNDERSTANDING IMPOSED POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CULTURAL, AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL CHANGES Introduction.............................................. 52 Where Are We Now............................................ 53 Historical Context......................................... 60 Oligopolization of the Imported Food, Fuels, and Supply Markets and the Introduction of Processed and Fast Foods............. 74 Conclusion................................................ 77 CHAPTER 3: FOREST AND FRESHWATER FOODS IN TWO NORTHERN ONTARIO FIRST NATIONS: PERCEPTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND FOOD SECURITY Introduction.............................................. 79 Methods................................................... 80 Results................................................... 84 Traditional Food, Connection to Land, Health, and Well Being.................................................. 84 vi Levels of Local Food Gathering and Consumption............ 86 Perceived Contamination and Local Food Behaviour.......... 87 Conclusion and Discussion.................................. 89 CHAPTER 4: FIRST NATIONS MOOSE HUNT IN ONTARIO: A COMMUNITY’S PERSPECTIVES AND REFLECTIONS Introduction.............................................. 95 Our Area................................................... 98 Our Approach.............................................. 100 Our Story................................................. 103 Pre-Contact, before 1800, the present....................103 Post-Contact through Railway Development, 1800-1874...... 106 Cession of Lands and Articulation of Rights, 1905 to present ........................................ 107 Logging, Mining, and Protected Areas versus Traditional Activities in a Regulatory Era........................... 108 Current Forest and Moose Management Guidelines and Our Hunting Rights.................................................114 Moving Toward Reconciliation.......................... 116 Acknowledgments.......................................... 120 CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDY OF THE AROLAND YOUTH’S BLUEBERRY INITIATIVE Background to the Case Study................................ 124 Case Study Community...................................... 125 Aroland Youth’s Blueberry Initiative....................... 133 Identification of Opportunities........................... 134 vii Life Projects, Social Enterprise, and the Indigenous Worldview................................... 137 Our Social Enterprise Model................................ 138 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Implications for Forest Management in Ontario............... 145 Rights- and Worldview-based Training for Authorities........ 150 Manage for Forest and Freshwater Food Systems................ 152 Ways Forward for Indigenous Peoples......................... 153 Literature Cited.......................................... 156 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Significant correlations among the health and well-being indicators and connection to nature, connection to land, and the belief that food connects the person with the land for Aroland ...................................................86 Table 2. Mean and standard deviation of self-estimated frequency with which meals in a given week and season include a local food for each community.........................................87 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The key legislative relationships among peoples in Canada and the delegation of political and jurisdictional responsibilities in Ontario related to natural resource management, people, and places..............................13 Figure 2. Location of herbicide application in Aroland First Nation’s territory between 2000 and 2007......................92 Figure 3. Blueberries from an unsprayed site in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Approach to Constitutional Principles and Environmental Discretion in Canada
    Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons Articles & Book Chapters Faculty Scholarship 2019 Approach to Constitutional Principles and Environmental Discretion in Canada Lynda Collins University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law Lorne Sossin Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected] Source Publication: 52:1 U.B.C. L. Rev. 293 (2019) Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works Part of the Administrative Law Commons, and the Environmental Law Commons Repository Citation Collins, Lynda and Sossin, Lorne, "Approach to Constitutional Principles and Environmental Discretion in Canada" (2019). Articles & Book Chapters. 2740. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works/2740 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Book Chapters by an authorized administrator of Osgoode Digital Commons. IN SEARCH OF AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCRETION IN CANADA LYNDA COLLINS, & LORNE SOSSINt I. INTRODUCTION One of the most important and least scrutinized areas of environmental policy is the exercise of administrative discretion. Those committed to environmental action tend to focus on law reform, international treaties, and political commitments-for example, election proposals for carbon taxes and pipelines, or environmental protections in global protocols and trade agreements. Many proponents of stronger environmental protection have focused their attention on the goal of a constitutional amendment recognizing an explicit right to a healthy environment,' while others seek recognition of environmental protection within existing Charter rights.2 As the rights conversation evolves,, advocates t Professor with the Centre for Environmental Law and Global Sustainability at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law, situated on the traditional territory of the Algonquin Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversifying the Bar: Lawyers Make History Biographies of Early And
    ■ Diversifying the bar: lawyers make history Biographies of Early and Exceptional Ontario Lawyers of Diverse Communities Arranged By Year Called to the Bar, Part 1: 1797 to 1940 Click here to download Biographies of Early and Exceptional Ontario Lawyers of Diverse Communities Arranged By Year Called to the Bar, Part 2: 1941 to the Present For each lawyer, this document offers some or all of the following information: name gender year and place of birth, and year of death where applicable year called to the bar in Ontario (and/or, until 1889, the year admitted to the courts as a solicitor; from 1889, all lawyers admitted to practice were admitted as both barristers and solicitors, and all were called to the bar) whether appointed K.C. or Q.C. name of diverse community or heritage biographical notes name of nominating person or organization if relevant sources used in preparing the biography (note: living lawyers provided or edited and approved their own biographies including the names of their community or heritage) suggestions for further reading, and photo where available. The biographies are ordered chronologically, by year called to the bar, then alphabetically by last name. To reach a particular period, click on the following links: 1797–1900, 1901-1910, 1911-1920, 1921-1930, 1931-1940. For more information on the project, including the set of all biographies arranged by diverse community rather than by year of call, please click here for the Diversifying the Bar: Lawyers Make History home page. Last published May 2012 by The Law Society of Upper Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of International Law with Respect to Trans-Boundary Water Resouces: Co-Operation for Mutual Advantage Or Continentalism's Thin Edge of the Wedge? I
    Osgoode Hall Law Journal Article 2 Volume 9, Number 2 (November 1971) The evelopmeD nt of International Law with Respect to Trans-Boundary Water Resources: Co- operation for Mutual Advantage or Continentalism's Thin dE ge of the Wedge I. A. McDougall Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj Article Citation Information McDougall, I. A.. "The eD velopment of International Law with Respect to Trans-Boundary Water Resources: Co-operation for Mutual Advantage or Continentalism's Thin dE ge of the Wedge." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 9.2 (1971) : 261-311. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol9/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Osgoode Hall Law Journal by an authorized editor of Osgoode Digital Commons. The Development of International Law with Respect to Trans-Boundary Water Resouces: Co-operation for Mutual Advantage or Continentalism's Thin Edge of the Wedge? I. A. McDOUGALL* INTRODUCION The proposition to be tested by this paper has been summarized as follows: 'There is no doubt that the International Joint Commission has successfully discharged the high functions entrusted to it by the Boundary Waters Treaty. It has acted successfully as judge, advisor and administrator for two great neighbours during a period of unparalleled expansion when conflicts of interest were bound to arise. In playing its triple role the Commission has developed techniques of continuous consultation which are a model for the world..
    [Show full text]
  • National Historic Sites of Canada System Plan Will Provide Even Greater Opportunities for Canadians to Understand and Celebrate Our National Heritage
    PROUDLY BRINGING YOU CANADA AT ITS BEST National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Parks Parcs Canada Canada 2 6 5 Identification of images on the front cover photo montage: 1 1. Lower Fort Garry 4 2. Inuksuk 3. Portia White 3 4. John McCrae 5. Jeanne Mance 6. Old Town Lunenburg © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, (2000) ISBN: 0-662-29189-1 Cat: R64-234/2000E Cette publication est aussi disponible en français www.parkscanada.pch.gc.ca National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Foreword Canadians take great pride in the people, places and events that shape our history and identify our country. We are inspired by the bravery of our soldiers at Normandy and moved by the words of John McCrae’s "In Flanders Fields." We are amazed at the vision of Louis-Joseph Papineau and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. We are enchanted by the paintings of Emily Carr and the writings of Lucy Maud Montgomery. We look back in awe at the wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier. We are moved to tears of joy by the humour of Stephen Leacock and tears of gratitude for the courage of Tecumseh. We hold in high regard the determination of Emily Murphy and Rev. Josiah Henson to overcome obstacles which stood in the way of their dreams. We give thanks for the work of the Victorian Order of Nurses and those who organ- ized the Underground Railroad. We think of those who suffered and died at Grosse Île in the dream of reaching a new home.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Portraits Book
    HH Beechwood is proud to be The National Cemetery of Canada and a National Historic Site Life Celebrations ♦ Memorial Services ♦ Funerals ♦ Catered Receptions ♦ Cremations ♦ Urn & Casket Burials ♦ Monuments Beechwood operates on a not-for-profit basis and is not publicly funded. It is unique within the Ottawa community. In choosing Beechwood, many people take comfort in knowing that all funds are used for the maintenance, en- hancement and preservation of this National Historic Site. www.beechwoodottawa.ca 2017- v6 Published by Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery & Cremation Services Ottawa, ON For all information requests please contact Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery and Cremation Services 280 Beechwood Avenue, Ottawa ON K1L8A6 24 HOUR ASSISTANCE 613-741-9530 • Toll Free 866-990-9530 • FAX 613-741-8584 [email protected] The contents of this book may be used with the written permission of Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery & Cremation Services www.beechwoodottawa.ca Owned by The Beechwood Cemetery Foundation and operated by The Beechwood Cemetery Company eechwood, established in 1873, is recognized as one of the most beautiful and historic cemeteries in Canada. It is the final resting place for over 75,000 Canadians from all walks of life, including im- portant politicians such as Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn and Prime Minister Sir Robert Bor- den, Canadian Forces Veterans, War Dead, RCMP members and everyday Canadian heroes: our families and our loved ones. In late 1980s, Beechwood began producing a small booklet containing brief profiles for several dozen of the more significant and well-known individuals buried here. Since then, the cemetery has grown in national significance and importance, first by becoming the home of the National Military Cemetery of the Canadian Forces in 2001, being recognized as a National Historic Site in 2002 and finally by becoming the home of the RCMP National Memorial Cemetery in 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Only One Law: Indigenous Land Disputes and the Contested Nature of the Rule of Law
    Only One Law: Indigenous Land Disputes and the Contested Nature of the Rule of Law RYAN NEWELL* I Introduction 42 II The Contempt of Court Power 46 III Henco Industries Ltd v. Haudenosaunee Six Nations Confederacy Council 49 IV Frontenac Ventures Corp. v. Ardoch Algonquin First Nation 55 V Contempt of Court and the Marginalization of Indigenous Law 59 VI Injunctive Relief: Situating the Multidimensional Rule of Law 62 VII Conclusion: Reconciliation and the Rule of Law 68 On several occasions in recent years, Indigenous people in Ontario have erected blockades to defend disputed land from development by private third parties. Protests by the Haudenosaunee, the Ardoch and Shabot Algonquin and the Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug First Nations re- ceived significant media attention and brought the conflicting interests of Indigenous people and development corporations into stark relief. After Indigenous demonstrators defied injunctions ordering them to allow the * Ryan Newell is a recent graduate of Osgoode Hall Law School. He is currently completing his articles at Sack Goldblatt Mitchell LLP. The inspiration for this article came in part from his experience of being welcomed as a visitor and supporter of the Haudenosaunee land reclamation in 2006 and 2007. INDIGENOUS LAW JOURNAL / Volume 11 Issue 1 /2012 41 Newell - D.indd 41 13-02-04 11:52 PM 42 INDIGENOUS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 11 No. 1 corporations onto the disputed territory, citations of contempt were made by Ontario courts in each of the above-listed disputes. This paper analyzes how the law of injunctions and the contempt of court power have interacted with the constitutionally protected rights of Aboriginal people in the context of direct action protests.
    [Show full text]
  • O N T a R I O a R C H a E O L O G I C a L S O C I E
    The 45th Annual O n t a r i o A r c h a e o l o g i c a l S Y M PS o Oc i e tSy I U M " C o n n e c t i o n s a n d P a t h w a y s t h r o u g h t h e P a s t " N o v e m b e r 9 t h - 1 1 t h , 2 0 1 8 Chatham-Kent John D. Bradley Convention Center, Chatham, Ontario 1 Welcome to the 45th Annual Ontario Archaeological Society Symposium Connections and Pathways through the Past The organizing Committee from the London and Windsor Chapters of the OAS would like to welcome you to this year's symposium. We acknowledge that the place of our conference venue is part of the Treaty, traditional, and contemporary territories of the Anishinabee and the Three Fires Confederacy, the Haudenosaunee and the Delaware/Munsee peoples. As a society inspired by the long-standing and continuous Indigenous presence on this land since time immemorial we recognize the heritage and land stewardship of the local communities of the Delaware Nation at Moraviantown, the Oneida Nation of the Thames, the Munsee Delaware Nation, the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, Caldwell First Nation, Walpole Island First Nation, and Aamjiwnaang First Nation. In light of this ongoing stewardship, we reflect that archaeology has not historically been a sufficient witness to the Indigenous-created and maintained record of this land.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario Power Generation Inc. Annual Information Form
    ONTARIO POWER GENERATION INC. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 March 8, 2019 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 Table of Contents PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION................................................................................................................... 1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................. 1 FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 1 CORPORATE STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................................. 2 OVERVIEW OF OPG ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Strategic Imperatives .............................................................................................................................. 4 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS .................................................................................................. 5 General Development .............................................................................................................................. 5 Nuclear Business Development ............................................................................................................ 15 Renewable Generation Business Development ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings the Symposium On
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. PROCEEDINGS THE SYMPOSIUM ON ( . PRETRIAL SERVICES 1981 a SPONSORS OF THE 1981 SYMPOSIUM ON PRETRIAL SERVICES PRETRIAL SERVICES RESOURCE CENTER) WASHINGTON) DC Madeleine Crohn~ Director Bruce Beaudin~ Chairman~ Board of Trustees MINISTRY OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL CANADA The Honourable Bob Kaplan~ SoZicitor General ONTARIO MINISTRY OF CORRECTIONAL SERVICES The Honourable Nicholas Leluk~ Minister ONTARIO MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICES The Honourable Frank Drea~ Minister Funding for the 1981 Symposium on Pretrial Services and for these Proceedings was provided by the U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration under its grant #79-MU-AX-0033 to the Pretrial Services Resource Center, and by the Solicitor General Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Correctional Services, and the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services. Additional copies of the Proceedings can be requested of the: Pretrial Services Resource Center Consultation Centre 918 F Street N.W., Suite 500 Ministry of ·the Solicitor General Washington, D.C. 20004 2 St. Clair Ave. West, Suite 12A8 Toronto, Ontario, M4V lL5 Proceedings of the Symposium on Pretrial Services 1981 Park Plaza Hotel Toronto, Ontario July 26-29, 1981 U.S. Department of Justice 143467 National Institute of Justice f.f I This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this "'~ material has been granted by / Public Domain LEAA u .
    [Show full text]
  • The Honourable Warren K. Winkler, O.C., O.Ont., Q.C., B.A., LL.B, LL.M., LL.D
    The Honourable Warren K. Winkler, O.C., O.Ont., Q.C., B.A., LL.B, LL.M., LL.D. (Hon.) served as Chief Justice of Ontario and President of the Court of Appeal for Ontario from 2007 until his retirement in 2013. Prior to this, he spent 14 years as a trial judge of the Superior Court of Justice, where he had served as Regional Senior Justice for the Toronto Region since 2004. During his tenure as a judge, Mr. Winkler was also Vice Chair of the Canadian Judicial Council. Educated at the University of Manitoba, (B.A.) and Osgoode Hall Law School, (LL.B. and LL.M.), Mr. Winkler was called to the Bar of Ontario in 1965. Through his career, he was recognized as one of Canada’s leading labour lawyers. Mr. Winkler was certified as a Specialist in Civil Litigation by the Law Society of Upper Canada and appointed Queen’s Counsel in 1977. He has received honorary doctorates from the Law Society of Upper Canada and nine Canadian universities. Alternative Dispute Resolution Mr. Winkler practised law in Toronto first as a partner with Montgomery, Cassels, Somers, Dutton and Winkler and then as a founding partner with Winkler, Filion and Wakely, a prominent labour law firm with a national reputation. His reputation for resolving high-profile disputes, such as the mediation of the Algoma Steel restructuring, made him a highly respected counsel and mediator. Once appointed to the bench, Mr. Winkler continued to engage parties in his unique approach to resolving disputes. Mr. Winkler has judicially mediated many large national and international disputes, including those involving: Air Canada’s restructuring; Ontario Hydro and Power Workers; the Windsor- Michigan Tunnel; and the CanWest/Shaw Cable restructuring.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Toronto, ON
    What’s Out There® Toronto Toronto, ON Welcome to What’s Out There Toronto, organized than 16,000 hectares. In the 1970s with urban renewal, the by The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) waterfront began to transition from an industrial landscape with invaluable support and guidance provided by to one with parks, retail, and housing—a transformation that numerous local partners. is ongoing. Today, alluding to its more than 1,400 parks and extensive system of ravines, Toronto is appropriately dubbed This guidebook provides fascinating details about the history the “City within a Park.” The diversity of public landscapes and design of just a sampling of Toronto’s unique ensemble of ranges from Picturesque and Victorian Gardenesque to Beaux vernacular and designed landscapes, historic sites, ravines, Arts, Modernist, and even Postmodernist. and waterfront spaces. The essays and photographs within these pages emerged from TCLF’s 2014 partnership with This guidebook is a complement to TCLF’s much more Professor Nina-Marie Lister at Ryerson University, whose comprehensive What’s Out There Toronto Guide, an interactive eighteen urban planning students spent a semester compiling online platform that includes all of the enclosed essays plus a list of Toronto’s significant landscapes and developing many others—as well overarching narratives, maps, and research about a diversity of sites, designers, and local themes. historic photographs— that elucidate the history of design The printing of this guidebook coincided with What’s Out There of the city’s extensive network of parks, open spaces, and Weekend Toronto, which took place in May 2015 and provided designed public landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario Budget (Delivered on the 7Th February, 1963)
    Government. Publication! ONTARIO ONTARIO,! RE. RV DEPT, \U BUDGET STATEMENT OF The^honourable James N. Allan Treasurer of Ontario 1963 2 2 19130 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Guelph, University of Windsor, York University and University of Toronto Libraries http://archive.org/details/ontariobudget1963onta BUDGET STATEMENT of THE HONOURABLE JAMES N. ALLAN Treasurer of Ontario in the LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO Thursday, February 7, 1963 On Moving the House into Committee of Ways and Means Also Financial Statements ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Frank Fogg, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1963 Government Publication* CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 5 Supplementary Estimates, 1962-63 7 Summary of Financial Operations in 1962-63 8 Ontario's Net Capital Debt 9 Forecast of Expenditures and Revenues for 1963-64 ... 10 The Social Services and Human Betterment 11 Education 11 Health 14 Welfare 16 Highways and Roads 17 Industrial Development and Trade Expansion 19 Natural Resources 21 Agriculture 22 Mining 23 Forestry 24 Provincial Parks 25 Provincial Assistance for Water and Sewage Works ... 26 Housing 27 Aid to Municipalities 28 Revenue Considerations 30 Taxation 30 The Succession Duty Act 30 The Corporations Tax Act 31 The Retail Sales Tax Act 31 The Logging Tax Act 31 Conclusion ; 32 Summary 33 Appendix—Government Statements 38 [3] BUDGET STATEMENT of THE HONOURABLE JAMES N. ALLAN TREASURER OF ONTARIO IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Thursday, February 7, 1963 Mr. Speaker: This is the fifth occasion I have had the honour of making the traditional motion that you do now leave the chair and the House resolve itself into committee of ways and means.
    [Show full text]