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Dr. George Washington Carver December 2010 | Vol. IX No. 4 One Civilized Reader Is Worth a Thousand Boneheads Nancy Berg Professor of Asian and Near Eastern Dr. George Washington Carver Languages and Literatures Ken Botnick Professor of Art Director of Kranzberg Book Studio The Center received a peppers, as well as green Gene Dobbs Bradford beautifully written and beans and Asian-style Executive Director Jazz St. Louis illustrated children’s eggplant. I don’t like the Elizabeth Childs book in the mail this weeding, but I enjoy the Associate Professor and Chair of Department of Art History and week. The book, donated homegrown fruits and Archaeology by local author Susan vegetables. Mary-Jean Cowell Grigsby, contains a hand- Associate Professor of Performing Arts Grigsby’s book re- Phyllis Grossman written note on the title minded me of fresh Retired Financial Executive page: “To the Center for tomatoes and cucumbers Michael A. Kahn the Humanities, Wash- Author and Partner while introducing me to Bryan Cave LLP ington University. Thank Dr. George Washington Zurab Karumidze you for supporting chil- Carver (1864 or 1865— Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia dren’s literature.” This Peter Kastor 1943). In the Garden with Associate Professor of History and volume introduced me to Dr. Carver (Albert Whit- American Culture Studies Program one of the most interest- Chris King man & Company, 2010) Editorial Director ing people I have ever is based on stories and The St. Louis American Newspaper encountered. It also writings by the legendary Olivia Lahs-Gonzales reminded me of an annual Dr. Carver at work in his lab. Director American scientist, botanist, Sheldon Art Galleries project that I seldom antici- educator, and inventor. Grigsby’s narrator is Steven Meyer pate with pleasure, but that I always end up Associate Professor of English Sally, a young African-American girl living in Joe Pollack enjoying. rural Alabama in the early 1900s. Sally meets Film and Theater Critic for KWMU, Writer The project is my husband’s annual garden. Dr. Carver when he steps down from a mule- Anne Posega Every spring I criticize him for spending drawn wagon piled high with plants, tools, and Head of Special Collections, Olin Library time and money on a garden. Every spring seeds. Dr. Carver traveled all over the South Qiu Xiaolong Novelist and Poet he agrees, yet plants it anyway. He has been teaching struggling local farmers how to re- Joseph Schraibman gardening since he was in elementary school pair the soil depleted by years of cotton crops, Professor of Spanish but does not remember how he got started. and to grow new crops like peanuts and sweet Henry Schvey Professor of Drama He does recall the first few pathetic harvests: potatoes. Charged with bringing education to Wang Ning a handful of two-inch carrots, pea-sized farmers by Booker T. Washington, founder of Professor of English, Tsinghua University radishes, and marble-sized beets. This year’s Tuskegee University where Dr. Carver taught James Wertsch Marshall S. Snow Professor of Arts and garden, however, produced an almost endless for 47 years, Carver designed a mobile school Sciences supply of full-size cucumbers, tomatoes, and called a “Jesup wagon” after the New York Associate Vice Chancellor for International Affairs Ex Officio Edward S. Macias Provost & Exec VC for Academic Affairs Gary S. Wihl visit our blog site at http://cenhum.artsci.wustl.edu/pubs/blog.htm Dean of Arts & Sciences editor's notes continued financier Morris He also published Ketchum Jesup, six bulletins on who provided sweet potatoes, five funding. By 1918, on cotton, and four Dr. Carver was on cowpeas. Other running his “mov- bulletins discussed able school” out alfalfa, wild plums, of the back of a tomatoes, orna- truck. mental plants, corn, The fictional off- poultry, dairying, shoot of Carver’s hogs, preserv- visit to Sally is his ing meats in hot decision to stay weather, and nature and help her class study in schools. with their school George Washing- garden. Here Dr. ton Carver is said Carver’s genius to have discovered is revealed, and three hundred uses Nicole Tadgell’s for peanuts and color palette, rich hundreds more for with earth tones, brings the story to life. One of the soybeans, pecans, and sweet potatoes. Among the syn- lessons that particularly struck me is provided when thetic substances he prescribed to southern farmers are Sally’s brother Ben raises a stick to kill a spider spin- adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, ning a web near the garden. Dr. Carver stops Ben and fuel briquettes (a biofuel), ink, instant coffee, linoleum, reminds him that the spider is trapping bugs that want mayonnaise, meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, to eat the garden, the moral being, “Before you change plastic, pavement, shaving cream, shoe polish, synthetic or destroy something, make sure you understand why rubber, talcum powder, and wood stain. All these uses it’s there and how it relates to its natural community.” for plants were intended as homemade substitutes for He teaches the students to restore the soil and respect commercial products beyond the budgets of small one- the balance of nature. He tells them to listen to the horse southern farmers. We need this kind of vision plants because they will tell what they need. If you love for people of developing nations today. Moreover, we it enough, anything will talk with you. And he prepares need this kind of genius for an earth running short of a delicious vegetarian lunch, including “chicken” made resources. Carver’s application of scientific methods to from peanuts. sustain farmers and help make them independent of the Susan Grigsby’s story illuminates an African-Amer- cash economy is summarized in the text on his tomb- ican scientist who was ahead of his time. Dr. Carver stone: He could have added fortune to fame, but caring was born in Diamond Grove, Newton County, Marion for neither, he found happiness and honor in being Township, near Crystal Place, now known as Diamond, helpful to the world. And he, indeed, helped small- Missouri, before slavery was abolished. Although scale farmers everywhere. there is a monument to him at the Missouri Botanical George Washington Carver Recognition Day is cel- Garden in St. Louis, Carver is buried near Booker T. ebrated on January 5, the anniversary of his death. Washington at Tuskegee University. During his more than four decades at Tuskegee, Carver’s official publi- cations consisted of 44 practical bulletins for farmers. The first appeared in 1898 and the last in 1943. His Jian Leng most popular bulletin, How to Grow the Peanut and Associate Director 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption, The Center for the Humanities was published in 1916 and reprinted many times. book of the month by Gerald Early Review of face a New York judge in April 1954 automobile accident that made him, to deal with charges of criminally through some sort of brain damage, Shocking True Story: The neglecting her two daughters, Rebecca heterosexual. He then went on to Rise and Fall of Confidential, (Orson Welles the father) and Yasmin marry Eve, the wife of his best friend, “America’s Most Scandalous (result of the union with Khan) by Keenan Wynn, although he seemed Scandal Magazine” allowing them to live in squalor in closer to Keenan than to Eve. There the run-down White Plains home of was the story about the Harvard dorm, a babysitter. Confidentialrevived the all of whose residents were gay, and By Henry E. Scott story in September 1954, complete the lowdown on heartthrob actor Tab Pantheon Books, 2010, 222 pages with shocking pictures of the girls in a Hunter’s arrest with a group of young including notes, bibliography, poverty-stricken environment, jux- men who were having something like index, and photos taposed to pictures of Hayworth and a gay slumber party. Boldly, in light Haymes dining out at a fashionable of what we know now, popular pianist restaurant. (Haymes, twice divorced Liberace sued Confidential for outing before the Hayworth marriage, was him. The magazine featured lurid not known for paying his child support stories of black singers like Sammy on time or even at all. He was deeply Davis, Jr., Billy Daniels, Herb Jeffries, in debt at the time of the Hayworth and Billy Eckstine and their wild marriage and was being threatened escapades with their white paramours. with deportation.) The photos were In its pages, readers learned of Mae taken courtesy of a Confidential re- West’s affair with her black ex-prize- porter who represented himself to the fighter chauffeur and of tobacco heir- babysitter as a potential buyer of the ess Doris Duke’s hanky panky with an property. Hayworth and Haymes were African prince. deeply embarrassed by the story. At As Henry E. Scott writes in Shock- the time the story appeared, Confiden- ing True Story, “Recurring themes in tial had a circulation of over one mil- Confidential such as homosexuality lion. The circulation was to get even and miscegenation were good for sales better before things got a lot worse. because they pandered to popular fears and pre-conceptions.” As Con- Part 2 fidential informant and former L.A. Guerrilla/checkbook journalism vice cop Fred Otash put it when critics Part 1 that exposed the peccadilloes of Hol- complained about the crass nature of lywood stars and the hypocrisy of the scandal magazine, “Kick all the On September 24, 1953, actress/ Hollywood’s management of its talent Communists out of Hollywood, kick dancer Rita Hayworth, who had been was Confidential’s stock in trade: out the homosexuals, enforce marital married to Orson Welles and Prince its reporters sought out, through all fidelity on both husbands and wives, Aly Khan, wedded singer/actor Dick sorts of means, informants and paid and you won’t have any scandal—and Haymes, whom Confidential would them if their information withstood no scandal magazines.” Of course, dub “Mr.
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