Review for Chapter 8 People John Adams – 2nd President of the U.S. Believed in a stronger federal government. Thomas Jefferson – 3rd President of the U.S. Believed in a strong state government John Marshall – Supreme Court judge appointed by John Adams. Issued the ruling on the Marbury v. Madison court case Meriwether Lewis – Former army captain who becomes co-leader of the expedition to explore the new lands of the United States. William Clark – Co-leader of the expedition. A friend of Lewis. Napoleon Bonaparte – Leader of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the US because France needed money for military supplies to fight the British Sacagawea – Shoshone Native American who served as a guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark’s expedition. Zebulon Pike – Army officer who discovered Pike’s Peak. He was arrested by the Spanish who thought he was a spy. Pike gave the US knowledge of the southwest United States. Tecumseh – A Shawnee tribe chief who helped united Native American tribes against the United States and the American settlers who were taking their land. James Madison – became President #4 in 1808. He allowed the War Hawks in Congress to decide our fate with Britain. He was President during the War of 1812.

Important Terms, Battles, etc. Marbury v. Madison – established the Supreme Court’s power of checks and balances. The Court was given the power to declare laws unconstitutional. Judicial review – Power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional. Louisiana Purchase – large land purchase from France. Roughly doubled the size of the United States. Lewis and Clark expedition - A group of about 50 mean chosen by Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase and find a river route across the West to the Pacific Ocean. It was called the Corps of Discovery. Embargo – the banning of trade War Hawks – Young members of Congress who favored going to war against Great Britain because Britain had backed Native American rebellions. Treaty of Fort Jackson –A treaty that forced the Creek tribe to give up millions of acres. Battle of New Orleans – An impressive victory for the outnumbered Americans. This battle prevented the British from taking control of the Mississippi River. Andrew Jackson commanded the US forces. Treaty of Ghent – This treaty officially ended the War of 1812.