*First Author, Year (Design)

SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Relationship between HIV/AIDS Medication Adherence and Depression

*First author, year (Design) Sample Age % Female Country Depression Adherence Type of Effect Size: ES r Size Assessment Assessment Adherence (95%CI) Method Method Measured Ahdieh-Grant , 2005 (Cross- sectional) 903 Adult 100% US Self report Discontinuation Categorical 0.043 (-0.041-0.127) Amberbir, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 400 Adult 60% Ethiopia Self report Self Report Categorical 0.295 (0.159-0.420) Amico, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 72 Adult 44% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.191 (-0.036-0.399) Ammassari, 2004 (Cross- 0.365 (0.217-0.497) sectional) 135 Adult 46% Italy Interview Self Report Categorical Anastos, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 204 Adult 100% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.141 (-0.029-0.303) Applebaum, 2009 (Cross- sectional) 67 Adult 33% US Interview Self Report Continuous 0.043 (-0.199-0.280) Arnsten, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 636 Adult 35% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.174 (0.098-0.247) Avants, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 42 Adult 31% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.410 (0.121-0.635) Barfod, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 887 Adult 21% Denmark Self report Self Report Categorical 0.160 (0.056-0.260) Berg, 2004 (Longitudinal) 113 Adult 43% US Self report MEMS Caps Continuous 0.038 (-0.148-0.221) Self report Self Report Berg, 2009 (Cross-sectional) 70 Adult 54% US via ACASI using ACASI Categorical 0.188 (-0.049-0.405) Berger-Greenstein, 2007 (Cross- sectional) 61 Adult 35% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.270 (0.020-0.489) Boarts, 2006 (Longitudinal) 57 Adult 18% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.403 (0.159-0.601) Bottonari, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 24 Adult 4% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.187 (-0.234-0.549) Cardarelli, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 101 Adult 26% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.246 (0.059-0.416) Carrieri, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 96 Adult 31% France Self report Interview Categorical 0.290 (0.076-0.478) Catz, 2000 (Cross-sectional) 72 Adult 13% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.279 (0.060-0.472) Catz, 2001(Cross-sectional) 113 Adult 20% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.150 (-0.036-0.326) Cha, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 215 Adult 33% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.230 (0.051-0.395) Cook, 2004(Cross-sectional) 684 Adult 100% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.061 (-0.014-0.135) Cruess, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 117 Adult 37% US Self report Interview Categorical 0.230 (0.051-0.395) Pharmacy Delgado, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 316 Adult 14% Canada Self report Records Categorical 0.165 (0.029-0.296) Demas, 199 (Cross-sectional) 49 Adult 40% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.040 (-0.244-0.318) Diliorio, 2009 (Cross-sectional) 236 Adult 32% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.283 (0.161-0.396) Duran, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 336 Adult 20% France Self report Self Report Categorical 0.076 (-0.031-0.180) Gibbie, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 80 Adult 3% Australia Self report Self Report Categorical -0.294 (-0.675-0.211) Gifford, 2000 (Cross-sectional) 104 Adult 14% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.283 (0.040-0.494) Gonzalez, 2004 (Cross-sectional) 90 Adult 32% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.148 (-0.061-0.345) SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Relationship between HIV/AIDS Medication Adherence and Depression

Composite Gordillo, 1999 (Cross-sectional) 362 Adult 24% Spain Self report Score Categorical 0.156 (0.043-0.265) Hermann, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 145 Adult 14% Australia Self report Self Report Continuous 0.220 (0.059-0.370) Puerto Hileriol, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 15 Adult 100% Rico Self report Self Report Categorical 0.018 (-0.593-0.615) Holmes, 2007 (Longitudinal) 116 Adult 19% US Self report MEMS Caps Categorical 0.167 (-0.012-0.336) Medical Pharmacy Hornberg, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 3359 Adult 11% US Records Records Continuous 0.734 (0.718-0.749) United Horne, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 117 Adult Na Kingdom Self report Self Report Categorical 0.171 (-0.007-0.339) Ingersoll, 2004 (Cross-sectional) 120 Adult 38% US Interview Interview Categorical 0.174 (-0.052-0.384) Ironson, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 160 Adult 30% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.370 (0.228-0.497) Johnson, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 2765 Adult 24% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.166 (0.129-0.201) Johnson, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 328 Adult 0% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.220 (0.114-0.321) Self report Kacanek, 2010 (Longitudinal) 225 Adult 23% US as interview Interview Categorical 0.194 (0.050-0.330) Kalichman, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 255 Adult 30% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.162 (0.042-0.278) Kalichman, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 72 Adult 100% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.337 (0.126-0.519) Kapetanovic, 2009 (Cross- Medical sectional) 328 Adult 100% US Records Self Report Categorical 0.262 (0.129-0.386) Kennedy, 2004 (Cross-sectional) 201 Adult 14% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.280 (0.147-0.403) Kim, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 266 Adult 23% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.221 (0.051-0.379) Kleenberger, 2004 (Longitudinal) 486 Adult 0% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.174 (0.049-0.294) Leserman, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 105 Adult 39% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.013 (0.002-0.025) Li, 2005 (Longitudinal) 623 Adult 0% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.220 (0.012-0.410) Pharmacy Lima, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 563 Adult 9% Canada Self report Records Categorical 0.125 (0.017-0.230) Littlewood, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 221 Adult 44% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.190 (0.060-0.314) Liu, 2006 (Cross-sectional) 114 Adult 100% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.110 (-0.075-0.288) Markos, 2006 (Cross-sectional) 291 Adult 48% Ethiopia Self report Self Report Categorical 0.021 (-0.136-0.177) Self report Self Report Meade, 2009 (Cross-sectional) 180 Adult 50% US via ACASI using ACASI Categorical 0.055 (-0.110-0.217) Mohammed, 2004 (Cross- sectional) 215 Adult 29% US Self report Interview Categorical 0.185 (0.032-0.329) Molassiotis, 2002 (Cross- Hong sectional) 136 Adult 8% Kong Self report Self Report Categorical 0.190 (0.022-0.347) Moss, 2004 (Longitudinal) 148 Adult 57% US Self report Discontinuation Categorical 0.214 (0.036-0.379) SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Relationship between HIV/AIDS Medication Adherence and Depression

Self report Mugavero, 2006 (Cross-sectional) 474 Adult 29% US as interview Interview Categorical 0.129 (0.040-0.216) Child/Ad Murphy, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 145 olescent 73% US Self report Interview Categorical 0.295 (0.070-0.492) Self report Murphy, 2004 (Cross-sectional) 114 Adult 9% US as interview Interview Categorical 0.012 (-0.172-0.195) Nannis, 1993 (Cross-sectional) 101 Adult 5% US Self report Discontinuation Categorical 0.270 (0.079-0.442) Nilsson-Schonnesson, 2006 (Longitudinal) 141 Adult 22% Sweden Self report Self Report Categorical 0.116 (-0.048-0.274) O'Cleirigh, 2006 (Cross-sectional) 152 Adult 17% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.150 (-0.009-0.302) O'Cleirigh, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 91 Adult 33% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.330 (0.133-0.502) Palepu, 2004 (Cross-sectional) 194 Adult 21% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.166 (-0.021-0.342) Palmer, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 74 Adult 53% US interview Self Report Categorical -0.065 (-0.309-0.186) Medical Patterson, 2000 (Cross-sectional) 81 Adult 4% US Records MEMS Caps Continuous 0.749 (0.656-0.819) Phillips, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 125 Adult 100% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.322 (0.162-0.466) Pratt, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 222 Adult 13% England Interview Interview Continuous 0.178 (0.047-0.303) Roux, 2008 (Longitudinal) 276 Adult 28% France Self report Self Report Continuous 0.111 (0.049-0.173) Self Report Royal, 2009 (Cross-sectional) 350 Adult 28% US Self report using ACASI Categorical 0.223 (0.122-0.318) Safren, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 84 Adult 9% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.390 (0.192-0.558) Self report Samet, 2004 (Longitudinal) 204 Adult 19% US as interview Interview Continuous 0.170 (0.033-0.300) Self report Sarna, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 208 Adult 13% India as interview Interview Categorical 0.425 (0.263-0.563) Self report Schuman, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 371 Adult 100% US as interview Interview Categorical 0.285 (0.189-0.376) Shin, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 43 Adult 2% Peru Self report Self Report Categorical 0.342 (0.016-0.602) Self report Shuter, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 29 Adult 44% US as interview MEMS Caps Continuous 0.096 (-0.260-0.430) Simoni, 2002 (Cross-sectional) 50 Adult 61% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.405 (0.143-0.614) Pharmacy Singh, 1996 (Longitudinal) 46 Adult 0% US Self report Records Categorical 0.233 (-0.061-0.490) Sledjeski, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 53 Adult 16% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.376 (0.118-0.587) Spire, 2002 (Longitudinal) 445 Adult 22% France Self report Self Report Categorical 0.074 (0.007-0.141) Stone, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 289 Adult 100% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.020 (-0.116-0.155) Tadios, 2006 (Cross-sectional) 431 Adult 49% Ethiopia Self report Self Report Categorical 0.137 (0.014-0.255) SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Relationship between HIV/AIDS Medication Adherence and Depression

Thrasher, 2008 (Cross-sectional) 1886 Adult 22% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.006 (-0.039-0.051) Tucker, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 1910 Adult 22% US Interview Self Report Categorical 0.069 (0.019-0.119) Medical Pharmacy -0.065 (-0.108- Turner, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 3246 Adult 0% US Records Records Categorical -0.022) Medical Pharmacy -0.068 (-0.130- Turner, 2003 (Cross-sectional) 1857 Adult 100% US Records Records Categorical -0.005 Van Servellen, 2002 (Cross- sectional) 182 Adult 30% US Self report Interview Continuous 0.160 (0.015-0.299) Villes, 2007 (Cross-sectional) 841 Adult 22% France Self report Self Report Categorical 0.104 (-0.012-0.217) Vraneacu, 2008 (Longitudinal) 156 Adult 24% US Self report MEMS Caps Continuous 0.178 (0.021-0.326) Wagner, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 595 Adult 1% US Self report Self Report Categorical 0.099 (-0.006-0.203) Wagner, 2002 (Cross-sectional) 180 Adult 18% US Interview Self Report Continuous 0.147 (0.003-0.286) Waldrop-Valverde, 2006 (Cross- sectional) 57 Adult 23% US Self report Interview Categorical 0.121 (-0.167-0.396)

Webb, 2009 (Longitudinal) 168 Adult 46% US Self report Self Report Continuous 0.260 (0.133-0.396) Adult & adolesce Self report Wilson, 2001 (Cross-sectional) 247 nt 100% US as interview Interview Categorical 0.101 (-0.023-0.222) Wilson, 2004 (Longitudinal) 182 Adult 10% Australia Self report Self Report Continuous 0.060 (-0.086-0.204) Wood, 2009 (Longitudinal) 79 Adult 15% US Self report MEMS Caps Categorical 0.015 (-0.202-0.231) Medical Pharmacy Yun, 2005 (Cross-sectional) 818 Adult 12% US Records Records Categorical 0.174 (0.092-0.254)