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Arterial and Venous Adaptations to Short-Term Handgrip Exercise Training Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Arterial and venous adaptations to short-term handgrip exercise training Mahmoud Awad Alomari Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Kinesiology Commons Recommended Citation Alomari, Mahmoud Awad, "Arterial and venous adaptations to short-term handgrip exercise training" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 188. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/188 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ARTERIAL AND VENOUS ADAPTATIONS TO SHORT-TERM HANDGRIP EXERCISE TRAINING A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Kinesiology By Mahmoud Alomari B.S., Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, 1990 M.S. Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, 1995 December, 2003 © Copyright 2003 Mahmoud A. Alomari All right reserved ii DEDICATION I dedicate all of my work to my parents, the love of my life. They feel as though they took every exam with me and were as anxious as I was for each defense. Their confidence in me never wavered and helped me to accomplish the dream of my life. Their motivation made me a better person and they continue to show me what service to others really is. Abuwael and Umwael thank you for the endless and exceptional support, sacrifices, inspiration and love. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All gratitude goes to “Allah” (God) SW ….. without him my dissertation would not make it to reality. I must express my deep gratefulness to my committee members for their help and guidance particularly Dr. Wood for his constant positive and encouraging remarks. Rhonda and Rafael (good luck ……. your next!!!)…… we have always toned on the same brainwave …….. I really appreciate the bright suggestions, creative ideas, and fruitful discussions. I also wish to thank Muaz and Nicki for being instrumental in this work ….. and the rest of my colleagues Arturo, Rania, Andrea, Zeki, and JoeyLynn I will always remember you. Deep thanks also goes to all my friends and family around the world for their special encouragement and support. His teaching, guidance, scholarship, and service to students as well as to the academic world are models of professional and personal investment. Despite the bad, ugly, ugly and ugly we have had many many goods…….. I feel extremely lucky to work under the supervision of Dr. Welsch for the past 6 years ….. Mike has made a change in my life not just in academia but also has crafted a different person out of me. Words certainly fail to completely express my appreciation …………….. but I sincerely would like to say THANK YOU Mike. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION...................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................viii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1. REFRENCES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 CHAPTER 2: MEASUREMENTS OF VASCULAR FUNCTION USING STRAIN- GAUGE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS, STANDARDIZATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS ........................................ 7 2.1. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.2. METHODOLOGY-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.3. RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 2.4. DISCUSSION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 2.5. CONCLUSION-----------------------------------------------------------------------------26 2.6. REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------27 CHAPTER 3. INFLUENCE OF VENOUS FUNCTION ON EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ................................................................................... 31 3.1. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------32 3.2. METHODS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 3.3. RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 3.4. DISCUSSION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 3.5. CONCLUSION-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 3.6. REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 CHAPTER 4. MODIFICATION OF FOREARM VASCULAR FUNCTION FOLLOWING SHORT-TERM HANDGRIP EXERCISE TRAINING .......................... 46 4.1. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------47 4.2. METHODS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 4.3. RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------51 4.4. DISCUSSION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------54 4.5. REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------59 CHAPTER 5. ARTERIAL AND VENOUS ADAPTATIONS TO SHORT-TERM HANDGRIP EXERCISE TRAINING ............................................................................. 61 5.1. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------62 5.2. HYPOTHESES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------63 v 5.3. METHODS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------63 5.4. RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------68 5.5. DISCUSSION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------76 5.6. CONCLUSION-----------------------------------------------------------------------------86 5.7. REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------86 CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY............................................................................................... 93 6.1. REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------95 APPENDIX A: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................ 97 APPENDIX B: PROPOSAL .......................................................................................... 280 APPENDIX C: LETTERS OF PERMISSIONS............................................................. 310 VITA............................................................................................................................... 315 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Subject characteristics...................................................................................... 13 Table 2.2. Resting vascular indices following varying occlusion pressures..................... 14 Table 2.3. Between-days ICCC for forearm arterial and venous indices ......................... 17 Table 2.4. Pearson product moment correlation between arterial, venous and physical fitness measures ........................................................................................................ 20 Table 2.5. Differences between the cardiorespiratory groups in forearm arterial and venous indices........................................................................................................... 21 Table 2.6. Differences between the handgrip strength groups in forearm arterial and venous indices........................................................................................................... 21 Table 3.1. Participant characteristics ................................................................................ 36 Table 3.2. Independent t-test comparisons between CHF and control groups. ................ 37 Table 4.1. Subject characteristics...................................................................................... 52 Table 4.2. Dominant and non-dominant FVR changes in the LO and HI groups at rest, following OCC and following ROCC....................................................................... 55 Table 4.3. Literature overview.......................................................................................... 56 Table 5.1. Subject characteristics...................................................................................... 68 Table 5.2. Cardiovascular hemodynamics and HRV before and after 4-week handgrip exercise training.......................................................................................................
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