CLN 4U Exam Review

Foundations of Law - Nature of law  positive vs natural law  legal theorists  what is law

- Sources of law  primary and secondary sources  classifications of law  civil vs criminal law

Constitution - Constitutional supremacy  written vs unwritten

- Role of the Constitution  distribution of powers  patriation  amending formula  implementation of the Charter

- Quebec and the Constitution  Meech Lake and Charlottetown  Bill 101

The Charter and Human Rights - Breaking down the Charter  Preamble  Sections 1, 2, 7, 15, and 33  Limitations - Human Rights  Natural and positive rights  development of human rights theories (Mills, Bentham, Marx, Dworkin) - United Nations Declaration of Human Rights  positive and negative rights - Canadian Human Rights Legislation  Canadian Bill of Rights  Ontario Human Rights Code  Ontario Human Rights Commission  Charter of Rights and Freedoms  Affirmative Action Programs/Legislation

Criminal Law - What is Crime  differences between tort and crime, causes of crime, purpose of criminal law, reasons for removing a criminal’s liberty  Actus Reus and Mens Rea  Strict and Absolute Liability  Incomplete Crimes - Types of Crime  indictable, summary, or hybrid  determining the type of crime - Principles of Justice  fairness, efficiency, clarity, restraint, accountability, participation, protection - Historical Methods of Adjudication  Trial by Wager of Law, Trial by Battle, Trial by Ordeal, The Adversarial System - Criminal Process  from investigation to release  court procedures  evidence  defences  Sentencing….purpose and types - Young Offenders  the YOA vs the YCJA  purposes of the YCJA and problems?? - Legal Issues  pages 428-441

International Law - State Sovereignty  international anarchy, international law, international crime - Sources of International Law  treaties, customs, legislation, expert theory, and judicial decisions - Role of Canada in other countries - Role of Canada in the United Nations - The United Nations  Organizations (assemblies)  Approach to Conflict (arbitration, adjudication, mediation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation)  Use of Force  Peacekeeping  Nuremberg

Key terms, case studies, and current events are all important as well. Be sure to review them key terms and case studies and try to incorporate current events when appropriate.