<p> CLN 4U Exam Review</p><p>Foundations of Law - Nature of law  positive vs natural law  legal theorists  what is law</p><p>- Sources of law  primary and secondary sources  classifications of law  civil vs criminal law</p><p>Constitution - Constitutional supremacy  written vs unwritten</p><p>- Role of the Constitution  distribution of powers  patriation  amending formula  implementation of the Charter </p><p>- Quebec and the Constitution  Meech Lake and Charlottetown  Bill 101</p><p>The Charter and Human Rights - Breaking down the Charter  Preamble  Sections 1, 2, 7, 15, and 33  Limitations - Human Rights  Natural and positive rights  development of human rights theories (Mills, Bentham, Marx, Dworkin) - United Nations Declaration of Human Rights  positive and negative rights - Canadian Human Rights Legislation  Canadian Bill of Rights  Ontario Human Rights Code  Ontario Human Rights Commission  Charter of Rights and Freedoms  Affirmative Action Programs/Legislation</p><p>Criminal Law - What is Crime  differences between tort and crime, causes of crime, purpose of criminal law, reasons for removing a criminal’s liberty  Actus Reus and Mens Rea  Strict and Absolute Liability  Incomplete Crimes - Types of Crime  indictable, summary, or hybrid  determining the type of crime - Principles of Justice  fairness, efficiency, clarity, restraint, accountability, participation, protection - Historical Methods of Adjudication  Trial by Wager of Law, Trial by Battle, Trial by Ordeal, The Adversarial System - Criminal Process  from investigation to release  court procedures  evidence  defences  Sentencing….purpose and types - Young Offenders  the YOA vs the YCJA  purposes of the YCJA and problems?? - Legal Issues  pages 428-441</p><p>International Law - State Sovereignty  international anarchy, international law, international crime - Sources of International Law  treaties, customs, legislation, expert theory, and judicial decisions - Role of Canada in other countries - Role of Canada in the United Nations - The United Nations  Organizations (assemblies)  Approach to Conflict (arbitration, adjudication, mediation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation)  Use of Force  Peacekeeping  Nuremberg</p><p>Key terms, case studies, and current events are all important as well. Be sure to review them key terms and case studies and try to incorporate current events when appropriate.</p>