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Insecta : Diptera) of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalaya (India

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Insecta : Diptera) of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalaya (India id11412906 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ISSN : 0974 - 7532 Volume 9 Issue 6 Research & Reviews in BBiiooSScciieenncceess Regular Paper RRBS, 9(6), 2014 [199-206] Diversity and distribution of midge-fauna (Insecta : Diptera) of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalaya (India) R.C.Bhagat P.O.Box No.1250, G.P.O., Residency Road, Srinagar, Kashmir-190001, J & K, (INDIA) E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS In this paper midge-fauna, including 58 species, belonging to 35genera, Midge-fauna; under Nematoceran families, viz. Blephariceridae, Cecidomyiidae, Check list; Ceratopogonidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Deuterophlebiidae, Dixidae Distribution; and Scatopsidae, have been studied. These midges are occurring in differ- Diversity; ent kinds of habitats (aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial), in diverse areas Jammu; and localities of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan regions. The chi- Kashmir; ronomid midgesare dominant in these regions, incorporating 38 species Ladakh; under 18 genera, followed by cecidomyiids and blepharicerids, having 8 Himalaya. spp. and 5 spp. respectively. Ceratopogonids and Chaoborids, are repre- sented by 2 spp. each, whereas deuterophlebiid,dixid and scatopsid, with 1 sp. each. Apart from these, about 29 genera, covering 42 new species (undescribed by earlier authors) of chironomid midges, prevalent in Tso Moriri lake of Ladakh region, have also been listed. The larvae of aquatic midges are inhabitant of diverse water bodies of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalaya, serving as food for fishes and as valuable bio -indicator of water quality. The database pertaining to different kinds of midges, has been updated in the light of recent systematic and nomenclatural changes. The local distribution and diversity of midge-fauna have been discussed. Be- sides, an up-to-date annotated check list of valid midge species, has been presented. 2014 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION midges), Cecidomyiidae (gall / terrestrial midges), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Chaoboridae (phan- The adultmidges are small to medium-sized insects, tom midges), Chironomidae (non-biting midges), with slender body, longer and segmented antennae, and Deuterophlebiidae (mountain midges), Dixidae (dixid long- legged. The larvae of midges are mostly aquatic, midges or meniscus) and Scatopsidae (dung midges). with well developed head capsule. These insects be- The midges are not only diverse group of insects but long to sub-order Nematocera of order Diptera. The have adopted to different ecological habitats (aquatic, midge-fauna of Jammu, Kashmir and LadakhHimalyan semi-aquatic and terrestrial), occurring in vast areas and regions of paramount zoo-geographical importance in- localities of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh region. clude main families,viz. Blephariceridae (net-winged The larvae of gall midges and dung midges are ter- 200 Diversity and distribution of m.idge-fauna (Insecta : Diptera) RRBS, 9(6) 2014 Regular Paper restrial. The cecidomyiid larvae are known for produc- ing various earlier survey reports and other relevant ing galls in plants and damaging valuable crops. The published work, besides online data on the midges of larvae of non-biting midges, dixid midges, phantom the world. midges, biting midges, mountain midges and net-winged The synonymies of the taxa are listed under valid midges are inhabitant of aquatic and semi-aquatic envi- species, given in the parentheses in the systematic check ronments. The larvae ofsome species of chaoborid and list. The references to the authors reporting and de- cecidomyiid are predaceous, feeding on other small in- scribing taxa,are in the form of numbers,given in the sects. The larvae of blepharicerid and chironomid(blood square brackets in front of the listed species of different worm), serve as food for fishes, besides as valuable kinds of midges, belonging to various Nematoceran bio-indicators of water quality. The aquatic midges, have families. The details of references, in accordance with been found to be prevalent in diverse water bodies of numbers, are cited in the reference section of the text. Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh, like rivers, wetlands, In addition to these, abbreviations in connections with ‘ ’ lakes, streams, springs, nallas , ponds, marshes and local distribution of midge- fauna, have been used, cited rice fields, etc. under the valid species and also in parentheses. The A total of 58valid species of midges, belonging to keys to the abbreviations are given at the end of the 35 genera, 8 families of Infra-orders, viz.Bibionomorpha systematic check list. In future,a more comprehensive (8 spp.), Blephariceromorpha (6 spp.), Culicomorpha study on the monitoring of chironomid midges, based (43 spp.)andPsychodomorpha (1 sp.), is known to on the fresh field collections, especially of those be- occur in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan re- longing to Kashmir region, is required to confirm the gions of Indian sub-continent. In addition to these spe- local distribution as well as for the identification of taxa cies, about 42 new under 29 genera of midges have up to the species level, of the listed species in the present also been reported from Tso Moriri Lake of Ladakh, check list. however, the details regarding descriptions and confir- mation of these new taxa are not available. In this com- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION munication, an updated annotated checklist of midge- fauna is provided and faunal diversity, with local distri- Systematic check list bution, have briefly been discussed. Besides, various ORDER : NEMATOCERA genera, covering number of new species (undescribed), INRA-ORDER1 : BIBIONOMORPHA pertaining to each genus prevalent in Tso Moriri Lake, Family1 :Cecidomyiidae (Gall midges) have also been listed. Subfamily1:Cecidomyiidae Tribe1 :Cecidomyiidae MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. DicrodiplosiscylindriformisKashyap[20,21,25] Distribution : K (Sri) The database presented in this communication per- 2. HolobremiacylindricaKashyap[20,21,24] tains to species and generaof different kinds of midges- Distribution : JK aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial / plant, occurring 3. Orseoliaoryzae (Wood-Mason)[5] in diverse localities and areas of Jammu, Kashmir State Host : Rice (Oryzasativa) of Indian sub-continent. The midge-fauna, actually cover Distribution :JK three geographically and climatically different regions Tribe2 :Aphidoletini of this State : i)Jammu (sub-ropical); ii) Kashmir (tem- 4. Aphidoletesaphidomyza(Rondani)[3,6] perate), including main Himalayan range of Kashmir Hosts :Aphid species on various host plants: Aphis Valley, PirPanjal Himalayan range, and iii) Ladakh (cold (A.)craccivoraKoch on Robinia pseudoacacia, desert), bounded on the North by eastern range of A. (A.) fabaesolanellaTheobaldon Karakorum mountain and TibetinPlateu. The database Rumexnepalensis,A.(A.)gossypii Glover on of these regions, has been updated in the light of latest Buckwheat,Fagopyrum spp. (F.esculentum, nomenclatural and taxonomical changes, after consult- F.kashmiranum, F.sagittatum); RRBS, 9(6) 2014 R.C.Bhagat 201 Regular Paper A. pomiDe Geer on Prunusdomestica, A. Distribution :K (Jeh, streams Son) (A.)spiraecolaPatch on Rubusantennifer, Family 2:Chaoboridae(Phantom midges) Chaetosiphonsp. on Rosa macrophylla; Subfamily :Choaborinae Capitophorushippophaes on Carduus 17. ChaoborusflavicansMeigen[38] edelbergii, Macrosiphum(M.)rosae Linnaeus on Distribution : J (Sur) cultivated rose, Rhopalosiphum sp. on Prunus 18. Chaoborussp.[31,44,45] sp. Distribution : K (Anc, Dal, Man, Nar, Nil, Jeh- Distribution : K Chh, Zer) Tribe 3: Mycodiplosini Family3 :Chironomidae (Non-biting midges) 5. CoquillettomyialongicurvatusKashyap[20,21,23] Subfamily1 :Chironominae Distribution : 19. *ChironomuscircumdatusKieffer[36,50] Tribe 4 :Lasiopteridi Distribution : J (Uni, Suc) 6. CystiphorataraxaiiKieffer[53] 20. *Chironomus nr. flaviplumusTokunaga[36] Host :TaraxacumofficinaleWeber Distribution : J (Bis) Distribution : K 21. *ChironomusincertipenisChaudhuri and Das[36,41] Subfamily 2 :Porricondylinae (=ChironomusplumosusChernovsky)[27,30,42,47,51] Tribe :Porricandylini Distribution : J 7. ParepidosisrectangularisKashyap[20,21,26] 22. *Chironomus(Astrachironomus) javanus Distribution : K (Sri) Kieffer[36] 8. PorricondylasrinagarensisKashyap[20,21,26] (=ChironomusjavanusKieffer)[36] Distribution : K (Sri) Distribution : J INFRA-ORDER 2:BLEPHARICEROMO- 23. *Chironomuskiiensis Tokunaga[36] RPHA Distribution ; J Family 1: Blephariceridae(Net-winged midges) 24. *Chironomussamoensi Edwards[29,36] Subfamily:Blepharicerinae Distribution : J (Bis, Deo, Gad, San) Tribe :Blepharicerini 25. **Chironomuspseudothummi Str.[49] 9. Bibliocephala sp.[22] Distribution ; J Distribution : K (Kmc) 26. *ChironomusstriatipennisKieffer[28] 10. Blephariceraasciatica(Brodsaky)[54] Distribution : J (=BlepharocerakuenlunensisLackschewitz)[32] 27. Chironomus spp.[4,7,8,16,17,31,35,36,44,45] Distribution : L Distribution :J (Deo, Kab, Man ; stream in Bani; 11. Blephariceraindica(Brunnetti)[9,32,54] stream in Gad); K (Anc, Dal ; Jehand its tributaries – Distribution : L (Sat) Chh, Gant,Kha, Poh, Ram, Uri, Zer, ; Man, Nar, – 12. Blepharicerasp.[12,17] Nil;Rice fields in districts Ana, Bud, Ban, Pul, Distribution : K (Lid, Sin); J (Ban- Bishleri Stream) Kup, Sri; springs in Kul- Khu, Nag, Thu ; streams 13. Philorusbionis Agharkar[2] in Son). Distribution : K 28. Cryptochironomus sp.[40] Family 2: Deuterophlebiidae(Mountain Distribution
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