Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism

PERIOD 5 QUESTIONS Key Concept 5.1 – Industrialization and Global Capitalism 1. How did industrialization fundamentally change how goods were produced? 2. How did Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean lead to the rise of industrial production? 3. How did the geographical distribution of coal lead to the rise of industrial production? 4. How did the geographical distribution of iron lead to the rise of industrial production? 5. How did the geographical distribution of timber lead to the rise of industrial production? 6. How did European demographic changes lead to the rise of industrial production? 7. How did urbanization lead to the rise of industrial production? 8. How did improved agricultural productivity lead to the rise of industrial production? 9. How did legal protection of private property lead to the rise of industrial production? 10. How did an abundance of rivers and canals lead to the rise of industrial production? 11. How did access to foreign resources lead to the rise of industrial production? 12. How did the accumulation of capital lead to the rise of industrial production? 13. How did steam engines help exploit the energy stored in fossil fuels like coal and oil? 14. How did internal combustion engines help exploit the energy stored in fossil fuels like coal and oil? 15. Compare fossil fuels to the energy sources available before this time period. 16. What impact did the factory system have on the location of labor? 17. How did the factory system lead to specialization of labor? 18. Where did industrialization begin? Where did it spread and why? 19. What was the “second industrial revolution”? When and where was it? 20. How did steel help improve industrial production? 21. How did chemicals help improve industrial production? 22. How did electricity help improve industrial production? 23. How did precision machinery help improve industrial production? 24. How did factories’ need for raw materials lead to the development of export economies based on single natural resources? 25. How did urban centers’ need for food supplies lead to the development of export economies based on single natural resources? 26. Why was cotton used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 27. Why was rubber used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 28. Why was palm oil used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 29. Why was sugar used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 30. Why was wheat used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 31. Why was meat used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 32. Why was guano used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used it? 33. Why were metals and minerals used as the basis for an export economy during this time period? Who used them? 34. Why did industrialization lead to the decline of the textile industry in India? 35. Why did Britain and France attempt to “open up” the Chinese market in the nineteenth century? 36. Why was copper mining extensively developed in Mexico during this time period? 37. Why were gold and diamond mines extensively developed in South Africa during this time period? 38. BRIEFLY summarize Adam Smith’s ideas with regard to the economy. 39. BRIEFLY summarize John Stuart Mill’s ideas with regard to society and the economy. 40. How are Smith and Mill’s ideas related to capitalism? 41. How are Smith and Mill’s ideas related to classical liberalism? 42. How do stock markets work? Why were they a useful economic tool in this time period? 43. How does insurance work? Why was it a useful economic tool in this time period? 44. How does the gold standard work? Why was it a useful economic tool in this time period? PERIOD 5 QUESTIONS 45. How do limited liability corporations work? Why were they a useful economic tool in this time period? 46. Why did large-scale transnational businesses begin to proliferate in this time period? 47. Why is the United Fruit Company a good example of a large-scale transnational business? 48. Why is the HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Company) a good example of a large-scale transnational business? 49. Why was the railroad a major development in transportation and communication? 50. Why was the steamship a major development in transportation and communication? 51. Why were telegraphs a major development in transportation and communication? 52. Why were canals a major development in transportation and communication? 53. What is utopian socialism? 54. Why is utopian socialism a response to industrialization? 55. What is Marxism? 56. Why is Marxism a response to industrialization? 57. What is anarchism? 58. Why is anarchism a response to industrialization? 59. Why did government officials in Qing China resist economic change? 60. How did Qing China attempt to preserve a preindustrial economy? 61. Why did government officials in the Ottoman Empire resist economic change? 62. How did the Ottoman Empire attempt to preserve a preindustrial economy? 63. How was the economy reformed in Meiji Japan? How did this differ from the rest of the industrialized world? 64. How were factories and railroads developed in Tsarist Russia? How did this differ from the rest of the industrialized world? 65. What was China’s Self-Strengthening Movement? How did this differ from the rest of the industrialized world? 66. How did Muhammad Ali develop a cotton textile industry in Egypt? How did this differ from the rest of the industrialized world? 67. How were state pensions and public health in Germany a response to industrial capitalism? 68. How was the expansion of suffrage in Britain a response to industrial capitalism? 69. How was public education a response to industrial capitalism? 70. What led to the development of the middle class? 71. What led to the development of the industrial working class? 72. How did family dynamics change as a result of industrialization? 73. How did gender roles change as a result of industrialization? 74. How did demographics change as a result of industrialization? 75. How were sanitary conditions affected by rapid urbanization? 76. How were forms of community affected by rapid urbanization?

Key Concept 5.2 – Imperialism and Nation-State Building 77. How did Britain strengthen its control over India? 78. How did the Dutch strengthen their control over Indonesia? 79. Where and how did Britain establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 80. Where and how did the Dutch establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 81. Where and how did France establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 82. Where and how did Germany establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 83. Where and how did Russia establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 84. Where and how did the United States establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? 85. Where and how did Japan establish an empire in Asia and the Pacific? PERIOD 5 QUESTIONS 86. Why did Spanish influence decline? 87. Why did Portuguese influence decline? 88. How did Britain use warfare and diplomacy to establish an empire in West Africa? 89. How did Belgium use warfare and diplomacy to establish an empire in the Congo? 90. Why did Britain establish settler colonies in southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand? 91. Why did France establish a settler colony in Algeria? 92. How did Britain and France exercise economic imperialism in China through the Opium War? 93. How did Britain and the United States exercise economic imperialism in Latin America through investment? 94. How was the Meiji Restoration in Japan a response to U.S. and European influence? 95. How did the United States expand its land borders and conquer neighboring territories in this time period? 96. How did Russia expand its land borders and conquer neighboring territories in this time period? 97. How did the establishment of independent states in the Balkans lead to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire? 98. How did semi-independence in Egypt lead to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire? 99. How did French and Italian colonies in North Africa lead to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire? 100. How did British influence in Egypt lead to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire? 101. How did the Cherokee Nation come to exist? 102. How did the state of Siam come to exist? 103. How did the state of Hawai’i come to exist? 104. How did the Zulu Kingdom come to exist? 105. How did the development and spread of nationalism foster a new communal identity in Germany? 106. How did the development and spread of nationalism foster a new communal identity in the Philippines? 107. How did the development and spread of nationalism foster a new communal identity in Liberia? 108. How did Social Darwinism facilitate and justify imperialism?

Key Concept 5.3 – Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform 109. How did Voltaire’s ideas encourage observation and inference in all spheres of life? 110. How did Rousseau’s ideas encourage observation and inference in all spheres of life? 111. Why did Enlightenment thinkers prefer reason to religion in public life? 112. How did Locke develop new ideas about natural rights, the individual, and the social contract? 113. How did Montesquieu develop new ideas about natural rights, the individual, and the social contract? 114. How does the Declaration of Independence exemplify Enlightenment thought? 115. How does the Declaration of Independence exemplify resistance to existing political authority? 116. How does the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen exemplify Enlightenment thought? 117. How does the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen exemplify resistance to existing political authority? 118. How does Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter exemplify Enlightenment thought? 119. How does Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter exemplify resistance to existing political authority? 120. How did Enlightenment thought lead to the expansion of suffrage? 121. How did Enlightenment thought lead to the abolition of slavery? 122. How did Enlightenment thought lead to the end of serfdom? 123. How did nationalism come about? How is it related to language, religion, social customs, and territory? 124. How is nationalism related to state borders? 125. How did governments use nationalism to unite diverse populations? 126. How was the conflict between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire an example of a challenge to a centralized imperial government? PERIOD 5 QUESTIONS 127. How was the American Revolution a result of discontent with imperial rule? 128. How was the Haitian Revolution a result of discontent with imperial rule? 129. How were the Latin American independence movements a result of discontent with imperial rule? 130. How was the French Revolution a result of discontent with imperial rule? 131. How were the establishment of Maroon societies a challenge to existing authorities in the Americas? 132. How did the Indian Revolt of 1857 result from questions about political authority and growing nationalism? 133. How did the Boxer Rebellion result from questions about political authority and growing nationalism? 134. How was the Taiping Rebellion influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism? 135. How was the Ghost Dance influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism? 136. How was the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism? 137. How was the Tanzimat movement a response to public rebellion? 138. How was the Self-Strengthening Movement a response to public rebellion? 139. How is liberalism a response to discontent with monarchist and imperialist rule? 140. How is socialism a response to discontent with monarchist and imperialist rule? 141. How is communism a response to discontent with monarchist and imperialist rule? 142. How did Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women challenge political and gender hierarchies? 143. How did Olympe de Gouges’s “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen” challenge political and gender hierarchies? 144. How did the Seneca Falls Convention resolutions challenge political and gender hierarchies?

Key Concept 5.4 – Global Migration 145. How did changes in food production and improved medical conditions contribute to a rise in global population? 146. Why did internal and external migrants tend to relocate to cities? 147. Why did manual laborers relocate? 148. Why did specialized professionals relocate? 149. Why and where did the global capitalist economy rely on slavery? 150. Why and where did the global capitalist economy rely on Chinese and Indian indentured servitude? 151. Why and where did the global capitalist economy rely on convict labor? 152. Why did Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific generally return to Japan? 153. Why did Lebanese merchants in the Americas generally return to Lebanon? 154. Why did Italian migrants in Argentina generally return to Italy? 155. How did large-scale migration change gender dynamics in the originating societies? 156. How did the Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America help transplant their culture into new environments and provide migrant support networks? 157. How did Indians in East and southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia help transplant their culture into new environments and provide migrant support networks? 158. How did migration lead to ethnic and racial prejudice? 159. How was the Chinese Exclusion Act an attempt to regulate migration? 160. How was the White Australia Policy an attempt to regulate migration?