Chapter 7 Study Guide with Answers J

Chapter 7 Study Guide -- with Answers 

1. Be sure to know the Cell Organelles : cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, chromosomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, & centrioles.

2. Who is Robert Hooke? He examined cork with a microscope and called what he saw “cells”

3. What is the cell theory? The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from exisiting cells.

4. What is a prokaryote? A prokaryote is generally smaller and simpler than a eukaryotic cell. They have genetic material that is NOT contained with a nucleus. Example: Bacteria.

5. What is a eukaryote? Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. They contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell. Examples: Plant cells and Animal cells

6. Which cells have a cell membrane? ALL cells

7. What is the composition of the cell membrane? & it’s function? The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer, protein channels, and carbohydrate identification chains. The function of the cell membrane is to control what enters or leaves the cell.

8. Which cells have cell walls? Plant cells ; also algae, fungi, and some prokaryotes What is the function of the cell wall? The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.

9. What is passive transport? Passive transport occurs in the direction from a high concentration to a low concentration and DOES NOT require ATP (energy). What are three examples of passive transport? Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion (facilitated by a protein channel)

10. What is diffusion? Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration (many) to where they are less concentrated (few) until equilibrium is reached. Chapter 7 Study Guide -- with Answers 

11. What is equilibrium? When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the system.

12. What is osmosis? Osmosis is the diffusion of water.

13. Know how to identify & define an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic solutions.

Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic In solution: More solute, less water more water, less solute Water leaves cell water flows into cell

14. What is facilitated diffusion? Facilitated diffusion is diffusion which occurs through protein channels (no ATP)

15. What is active transport? Active transport is the movement of particles against the concentration gradient- meaning it moves in the direction from low to high – this movement requires ATP (energy). What are three examples of active transport? Molecular transport (the sodium-potassium pump), endocytosis, and exocytosis

16. What is endocytosis? Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings in the cell membrane.

17. What is exocytosis? Exocytosis is the process of removing material from the cell when a vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane , forcing contents out of the cell. Chapter 7 Study Guide -- with Answers 

18. Describe pinocytosis and phagocytosis: Phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis) in which food particles are brought into the cell. Pinocytosis (a type of endocytosis) in which liquid is brought into the cell.

19. What is cell specialization? Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.

20. What are the levels of organization? Individual cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

21. Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells? Chloroplast & cell wall

& Which organelle is found in animal cells but not plant cells? Centrioles

22. ALL cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) have which organelles: cell membrane & cytoplasm

23. The cell membrane is made up of which macromolecules? Lipids (lipid bilayer), proteins (protein pumps), & carbohydrates (id cards)

24. What is found within the nucleus? Chromatin, chromosomes, & nucleolus *also the nuclear envelope (aka: nuclear membrane) surrounds the nucleus

25. Where are proteins made? On ribosomes

26. Where are ribosomes made? the nucleolus

They are found on the rough er & free in the cytoplasm Chapter 7 Study Guide -- with Answers 

EOC review --

During exercise, muscle cells consume large amounts of energy. Which organelles increase their activity in muscle cells during exercise to make more energy available? .. mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration

A plant cell’s rate of oxygen decreases steadily over the course of several hours. A decreasing rate of activity in which organelle could directly explain this change? Chloroplast – produces oxygen as a product of photosynthesis

A cell is placed in a solution with a salt concentration much lower than the cell cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell? The cell will : Water will enter the cell (high low) the cell will swell

A cell is placed in a solution with a salt concentration much higher than the cell cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell? The cell will : Water will leave the cell (high  low) the cell will shrink

https://quizlet.com/8258737/cell-organelles-with-pictures-flash-cards/ with cell pictures & functions