Economic and Social Impacts of Farm Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF FARM RESTRUCTURING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

After-Pretest Version November 27, 2003

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

(Read) My name is ______, and I am working with a team of researchers studying the economic and social impacts of farm restructuring in Azerbaijan. We are interviewing many different households and farms in your village and in other villages. You were selected by chance. All information provided would be totally confidential. Data will only be used in aggregate form. Names and details of individuals will not be released to any government department or other organization, or to the public. Neither your name nor your address will ever be associated with the information that you have given. This interview will take about 1 hour.

Questionnaire Code: ______County/District: ______Village: ______Date of the interview: ______Code of the enumerator: ______Survey Code No.: ______

Farm size *  5 ha 5-15 ha > 15 ha * Based on all land used for farming (owned, leased or used under other arrangements. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE

SECTION A -- HOUSEHOLD PROFILE AND TIME ALLOCATION OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

Interviewer: Make sure that the respondent is the household member who is most knowledgeable on the household’s farming activities and its income and expenditure situation – NO EXCEPTIONS!]

A1) Of how many people consists your household?

1 Total A0101 2 of these, younger than 10 years of age [0 if none] A0102

2 A2) Please, list the members of your household who are older than 10 years: [Interviewer: Consistency check  Number of members must correspond to q.A1. Do not miss out on anyone older than 10 years old.] Sex Age, Education Involveme Other # of months Members years (highest achieved) nt on the employ- absent from # Relationsh M F type years household ment home in the ip to 1 2 plot or last 12 house- farm months hold head [0 if none] 1 A020101 A020102 A020103 A020104 A020105 A020106 A020107 A020108 2 A020201 A020202 A020203 A020204 A020205 A020206 A020207 A020208 3 A020301 A020302 A020303 A020304 A020305 A020306 A020307 A020308 4 A020401 A020402 A020403 A020404 A020405 A020406 A020407 A020408 5 A020501 A020502 A020503 A020504 A020505 A020506 A020507 A020508 6 A020601 A020602 A020603 A020604 A020605 A020606 A020607 A020608 7 A020701 A020702 A020703 A020704 A020705 A020706 A020707 A020708 8 A020801 A020802 A020803 A020804 A020805 A020806 A020807 A020808

1 – Household 1 – Higher (university 1 - Full-time 1 – Self-employed in non-farm head and higher) 2 – Part- business 2 – Spouse 2 – Incomplete higher time 2 – Self-employed in farm 3 – Son/daughter 3 – Secondary 3 – No time business 4 – Son in professional 3 – Specialized employee of farm law/daughter in 4– Secondary general enterprise (tractor / combine law 5 – Primary school driver, livestock specialist, etc.) 5 - Mother / father 6 – None 4 – Non-specialized employee of 6 – Grandson / farm enterprise granddaughter 5 – Administrative worker of farm 7 – Other enterprise (A020001) 6 – Public employee in social sphere 7 – Employee in trade enterprise 8 – Employee in industry 9 – Employee in transport/ services 10 – Public employee in non- social sphere 11 – Housekeeper / private paid domestic work 12 – Pensioner 13 – Unemployed 14 – Pupil/student 15 – Other (A020007) 16 – None

3 A3) Who is answering the questionnaire? Indicate household member # from left column of q. A2). (A03)

A4) What is the household head’s ethnicity? (A04)

Circle ONE 1 Moldovan 1 2 Ukrainian 2 3 Russian 3 4 Gagauz 4 5 Other (A0400) 5

A5) Of the people listed in A2) who has moved in/joined with the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz/sovchoz farm? [blank if none]. Number of household member Where did person live Why did person move in? (enter from left column of q. A2) before? A050101 A050102 A050103 A050201 A050202 A050203 A050301 A050302 A050303 A050401 A050402 A050403

1 – Chisinau 1 – Found employment in 2 – Other city the area 3 – Other village 2 – Hoped to find 4 – FSU employment in the area 5 – Other abroad 3 – Join friends / family 4 - Marriage 5 – Other personal reasons 6 - Other (A050003)

4 A6) Who has left the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz farm? [blank if none] Relationship Sex Age, Education Why did Where Current to house- years (highest achieved) person does Occupation hold head M F type years leave? person 1 2 live now? A060101 A060102 A060103 A060104 A060105 A060106 A060107 A060108 A060201 A060202 A060203 A060204 A060205 A060206 A060207 A060208 A060301 A060302 A060303 A060304 A060305 A060306 A060307 A060308 A060401 A060402 A060403 A060404 A060405 A060406 A060407 A060408

5 1 – Head of 1 – Higher 1 – Found 1 – Chisinau 1 – Self-employed household (university employment 2 – Other city in nonfarm business 2 – Spouse and higher) elsewhere 3 – Other 2 – Self –employed 3 – Son / 2 – 2 – Hope to find village in farm business daughter Incomplete employment 4 – FSU 3 – Specialized 4 – Son in higher elsewhere 5 – Other employee of farm law/daughter in 3 – Secondary 3 – Join friends / abroad enterprise (tractor/ law professional family combine driver, 5 - Mother / 4– Secondary 4 – Marriage livestock specialist, father general 5 – Military etc.) 6 – Grandson / 5 – Primary service 4 – Non-specialized granddaughter school 6 - Personal employee of farm 7 – Other 6 – None reasons enterprise (A060001) 7 – Dead 5 – Administrative 8 – other worker of farm (A060006) enterprise

6 – Public employ- yee in social sphere 7 – Employee in trade enterprise 8 – Employee in industry 9 – Employee in transport/ services 10 – Public employee in non- social sphere 11 – Housekeeper / private paid domestic work 12 – Pensioner 13 – Unemployed 14 – Pupil/student 15 – Other (A060008) 16 – None

6 A10) On a typical workday, how many hours do the following household members spend on the following activities on the household's own farm? [0 - if no time at all is spent on these activities; 1 – if between 1 hour and 1 hour and 29 minutes is spent on the activity; 2 if between 1 hour and 30 minutes and 2 hours and 29 minutes is spent on the activity; no blanks; consistency check  sum of all activities should be below 16h)]

Member Indicate # Livestock/ Poultry/ Operating Fieldwork Marketing Administrati from A2) Cattle rabbits / machinery (hours) (hours) on (hours) (hours) bees (hours) (hours) Most A100101 A100102 A100103 A100104 A100105 A100106 A100107 active male Most A100201 A100202 A100203 A100204 A100205 A100206 A100207 active female

A11) Did your household benefit from an agricultural project in your area in the last 5 years? (A11) Yes 1 No 2

7 SECTION B -- LAND OWNERSHIP AND LAND TRANSACTIONS

B1) Is your farm registered as a farm enterprise? (B01) Yes 1 No 2

B2) How much land do you and your household PRIVATELY OWN IN JURIDICAL TERMS? [0 if household does not own; NO blanks!; consistency check  1+2+3+4=5] Area (ha) Number of shares 1 Household plot near house B020101 2 Farm land (physical plot) B020201 3 Farm land represented by land shares of former B020301 B020302 kolkhoz/sovkhoz 4 Other land (B020400) B020401 5 TOTAL LAND privately owned by you and your household B020501 [without community owned land or communal land; interviewer: do not fill in yourself, but carefully prompt respondent, if 1+2+3+4 do not add up to 5]

B3) How much land is USED by you and your household? [0 if household does not use land; NO BLANKS; consistency check  2+3+4+5+6=1. If not used, enter 0 and pass on to B6] Area (ha) 1 Total land used B0301 Of which 2 Own land (incl. purchased or inherited) B0302 3 Rented / leased land B0303 4 Household plot near house B0304 5 Land that your household does not own B0305 or lease [including community owned land or communal land] 6 Other land (B030600) B0306

B4) Out of your total land USED, how much is [blanks only if household does not use any land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0; otherwise value ≥ 0; consistency check  1+2+3+4+5 = q.B2.1 total land used] Area (ha) 1 Arable land B0401 2 Orchards B0402 3 Vineyards B0403 4 Hayfields and pastures B0404 5 Other (B040500) B0405

8 B5) In how many parcels is split the land that your household uses? (DO NOT include the household plot near the house) (B05)______parcels

B6) How far way from the household is the land farthest away: (B06)______km

B7) How much land did you and your household OWN before the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm (B07)______ha

B8) How much land (all kinds of land) did you and your household personally USE before the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm (B08)______ha

B9) Did you and members of your household receive land during the land privatization process ? Number of Total area Kind of title(s) Is the title plots (ha) received registered 1 – Yes 2 – No B0901 B0902 B0903 B0904 B0905 Go to q.B10

1 – Yes 1 – Title deed 2 – No Go to q.B14 2 – Lease 3 – Not Go to q.B14 3 – Other entitled (specify)

B10) IF YES, how much of this land has been given to you and members of your household in physical form for your own use? (B10)______ha

B11) IF YOUR HOUSEHOLD DID RECEIVE LAND DURING THE LAND PRIVATIZATION PROCESS, whose name in on the land title of the land that your household owns? 1. Head B1101 2. Spouse B1102 3. Child B1103 4. Head’s father B1104 5. Head’s mother B1105 6. Spouse’s father B1106 7. Spouse’s mother B1107 8. Daughter in law B1108 9. Son in law B1109 10. Other (B111000) B1110

9 B12) IF YOUR HOUSEHOLD DID RECEIVE LAND DURING THE LAND PRIVATIZATION PROCESS, when was this land given to you and members of your household? 19__ __ (B12)

B13) IF YOUR HOUSEHOLD DID RECEIVE LAND DURING THE LAND PRIVATIZATION PROCESS, what did your household do with this land? [multiple answers; at least ONE answer] 1 if Yes, Area of land (ha) [blank if or 2 if No not circled and > 0 if circled; consistency check sum of all areas ≤ area indicated in q.B9] 1. I use this land myself B130101 B130102 2. Leased it out to large farm enterprise B130201 B130202 3. Leased it out to other entity or individual B130301 B130302 (formal or informal, payments in cash or in kind) 4. Left it unused B130401 B130402 5. Left it for someone else to use it without B130501 B130502 payment (cash or in kind) 6. Sold it B130601 B130602 7. Other (B130700) B130701 B130702

B14) Did you or members of your household buy land since dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm? (B14) Yes 1 Go to q. B15 No 2 Go to q. B17

10 B15) IF YES, when did you buy land, how much, from whom, how much did you pay per ha of purchased land, and was the transaction registered? [blank only if q.B14 = no, otherwise all values > 0] When (year)? Area (ha) From whom? Price / ha, Was the including transaction monetary value registered? of payments 1 – yes received in kind 2 - no (LEI) 1 B150101 B150102 B150103 B150104 B150105 2 B150201 B150202 B150203 B150204 B150205 3 B150301 B150302 B150303 B150304 B150305 4 B150401 B150402 B150403 B150404 B150405 5 B150501 B150502 B150503 B150504 B150505

1 – Member of extended family 2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family) 3 – Old or disabled person who is physically not able to farm (not member of extended family) 4 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family) 5 – Farm enterprise 6 – Municipality / State 7 – Other (B150003)

B16) IF YOU BOUGHT LAND, what were the three main reasons for purchasing land? (B1601) (B1602) (B1603) Circle max THREE Purchased land is near house 1 High quality of purchased land 2 Purchased land has access to irrigation 3 Purchased land is close to market / transport 4 Profitable to cultivate more land 5 Enough manpower available to cultivate more 6 land Not enough land for our needs 7 Wanted to have secure ownership of more 8 land Other reason (B1600) 9

B17) Could you purchase (more) land if you wanted to? [ask everybody] (B17) Yes 1 No 2

11 B18) What are the three main difficulties to purchasing (more) land? [ask everybody] (B1801) (B1802) (B1803) Circle max. THREE Nobody in the area wants to sell land. 1 I do not know who in the area wants to sell land. 2 Difficult to determine the appropriate land price. 3 I do not know if there is a legal basis for buying land. 4 I do not know which authority deals with land 5 transactions in my area. The land transaction process (legal aspects, registration) 6 seems complicated and is unclear to me. Land transaction process is expensive. 7 Household does not have the financial means to purchase 8 land. Other reason (B1800) 9 No difficulties 10

B19) Did you or members of your household sell land since the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm? (B19) Yes 1 Go to q. B20 No 2 Go to q. B22

B20) IF YES, when did you sell land, how many hectares, to whom, how much did you receive per ha of sold land, and was the transaction registered? [blank only if q.B19 = no, otherwise all values > 0] When Area (ha) To whom? Price / ha, Was the (year)? including transaction monetary value of registered? payments received 1 – Yes in kind (lei) 2 - No 1 B200101 B200102 B200103 B200104 B200105 2 B200201 B200202 B200203 B200204 B200205 3 B200301 B200302 B200303 B200304 B200305 4 B200401 B200402 B200403 B200404 B200405 5 B200501 B200502 B200503 B200504 B200505

1 – Member of extended family 2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family) 3 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family) 4 – Farm enterprise 5 – Municipality / State 6 – Other (B200003)

12 B21) IF YOU SOLD LAND, what were the three main reasons for selling land? (B2101) (B2102) (B2103) Circle max. THREE Plot too far from the house 1 Land of very poor quality 2 Not profitable to cultivate 3 Cannot get necessary inputs 4 Not enough money 5 Not enough manpower 6 Other reason (B2100) 7

B22) Do you or members of your household currently lease land? (B22) Yes 1 Go to q. B23 No 2 Go to q. B25

B23) IF YES, how many hectares do you lease, from whom, how much do you pay per ha of leased land, and was the transaction registered? [blank only if q.B22 = no, otherwise all values > 0] Area (ha) From Cash paid per Value of products in Term Was the whom? ha (LEI; per kind paid per hectare (years) transaction year) (LEI/ha; per year) registered? 1 – Yes 2 - No

1 B230101 B230102 B230103 B230104 B230105 B230106 2 B230201 B230202 B230203 B230204 B230205 B230206 3 B230301 B230302 B230303 B230304 B230305 B230306 4 B230401 B230402 B230403 B230404 B230405 B230406 5 B230501 B230502 B230503 B230504 B230505 B230506

1 – Member of extended family 2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family) 3 – Old or disabled person who is physically not able to farm (not member of extended family) 4 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family) 5 – Farm enterprise 6 – Municipality / State 7 – Other (B230002)

13 B24) IF YOU DO LEASE IN LAND, what are the three main reasons for leasing in land? (B2401) (B2402) (B2403) Circle max. THREE Leased in land is near house 1 High quality of leased in land 2 Leased in land has access to irrigation 5 Leased in land is close to market / transportation 6 Profitable to cultivate more land 3 Enough manpower available to cultivate more land 4 Not enough land for our needs 7 Other reason (B2400) 8

B25) Could you lease in (more) land if you wanted to? [ask everybody] (B25) Yes 1 No 2

B26) What are the three main difficulties to leasing in (more) land? [ask everybody] (B2601) (B2602) (B2603) Circle max. THREE Nobody in my area wants to lease out land. 1 I do not know if there are farmers / farm enterprises in 2 my area who want to lease out land. I do not know the appropriate price for leasing. 3 I do not know if there is a legal basis for leasing land. 4 I do not know which authority deals with land 5 transactions in the farm’s area. The land transaction process (legal aspects, registration) 6 seems complicated and is unclear to me. Land transaction process is expensive. 7 Household does not have the financial means to lease 8 land. Other reason (B2600) 9 No difficulties 10

B27) Do you or members of your household currently lease out land? (B27) Yes 1 Go to q. B28 No 2 Go to q. B30

14 B28) IF YES, how many hectares do you lease out and to whom, at what price, for what period, and was the transaction registered? [blank only if q.B27 = no, otherwise all values > 0] Area (ha) To whom? Cash Value of Term Was the received products in kind (years) transaction per ha, received per registered? (LEI; per hectare (LEI/ha; 1 – Yes year) per year) 2 - No 1 B280101 B280102 B280103 B280104 B280105 B280106 2 B280201 B280202 B280203 B280204 B280205 B280206 3 B280301 B280302 B280303 B280304 B280305 B280306 4 B280401 B280402 B280403 B280404 B280405 B280406 5 B280501 B280502 B280503 B280504 B280505 B280506

1 – Member of extended family 2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family) 3 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family) 4 – Farm enterprise 5 – Municipality / State 6 – Other (B280002)

B29) IF YOU CURRENTLY LEASE OUT LAND, what are the main three reasons for leasing out land? (B2901) (B2902) (B2903) Circle max. THREE Plot too far from the house 1 Land of very poor quality 2 Not profitable to cultivate 3 Cannot get necessary inputs 4 Not enough money 5 Not enough manpower 6 Other reason (B2900) 7

B30) Do you carry out some farm activities jointly with other farms/farmers? (B30) Yes 1 Go to q. B31 No 2 Go to q. B32

15 B31) IF YES, What are these activities, what formal or informal form of cooperation did you choose and what is your opinion on the current level of cooperation? Activities Form of cooperation Cooperation level (circle ONE answer) (circle ONE answer) 1 Production of Crops and Livestock B310101 B310102 2 Processing B310201 B310202 3 Sale of Products B310301 B310302 4 Joint use of machinery and equipment B310401 B310402 5 Purchase of Farm Inputs B310501 B310502 6 Mutual Credit B310601 B310602 7 Consulting and Professional Advice B310701 B310702 8 Other (B310800) ______B310801 B310802

B32) Do you consider that the land allocation was fair? (B32) 1 – Informal Agreement 1 – very good results 2 – Formal contract 2 - adequate for our 3 – Association/Union needs 4 – Cooperative 3 – must be expanded 5 – Other 4 – not satisfied with 6 – None the arrangement 5 – don’t know 6 – none

Yes 1 Go to Section C No 2 Go to q. B33

B33) IF NO, check the three most important reasons: (B3301) (B3302) (B3303) Circle max. THREE 1 Parcel was smaller that it should have been 1 2 Parcel was smaller than others received 2 3 Parcel is of poorer quality than others received 3 4 The process cost more than it should have 4 5 I was not fully informed of my rights 5 6 The titling officials were not available/willing to answer questions 6 7 Plot received for cultivation does not correspond to the parcel for 7 which I have ownership rights as documented in land title 8 Other (B3300) 8

16 17 SECTION C -- FARMING: PRODUCTION AND MARKETING

[Interviewer: If household does not use land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0, do not ask respondent to answer Section C.]

C1) Please describe the livestock that your household owns at present: At this Quantity Average Main In your main In your Animal moment, sold for price per Marketing marketing main how cash or unit sold Channel channel, did marketing many barter in (LEI) (ONE your channel, head of the last 12 [blank only) household how many livestock months only if [blank market under weeks after does your (heads) qty. sold only if contract? delivery is household [heads ≥ =0] qty. sold 1- Yes your have? [0 0] =0] 2 –No [blank household if none] only if qty. paid? [value sold =0] ≥0, 0 if paid at delivery; blank only if qty. sold =0] 1 Cattle C010101 C010102 C010103 C010104 C010105 C010106 2 of which: C010201 C010202 C010203 C010204 C010205 C010206 Dairy Cows 3 Pigs C010301 C010302 C010303 C010304 C010305 C010306 4 Sheep, C010401 C010402 C010403 C010404 C010405 C010406 goats 5 Poultry C010501 C010502 C010503 C010504 C010505 C010506 6 Horses C010601 C010602 C010603 C010604 C010605 C010606 7 Other C010701 C010702 C010703 C010704 C010705 C010706 (C010700)

1 – Directly to consumers (market, door to door, by the road) 2 – Wholesalers, traders 3 – Agro-processing enterprise

4 – Procurement enterprise

18 5 – Farm enterprise 6 – Farmer association / cooperation 7 – On CIS and neighboring markets 8 – On other foreign markets 9 – Other (C010004)

C2) IF YOUR HOUSEHOLD HAS DAIRY COWS, how much milk did ONE COW give on average per day in the last 12 months? [blank only if farmer does not have dairy cow in q.C1] C02 Liters

C3) IF THE HOUSEHOLD DOES HAVE SHEEPS, how much milk did ONE SHEEP give on average per day in the last 12 months? [blank only if farmer does not have sheep in q.C1] C03 Liters

C4) Indicate your farm production in the last 12 months and the marketing channels used. [Only fill in white fields.]

Product Area Total Own Sales in cash or barter in Main In your In your cultivate productio consumpt the last 12 months Marketin main main d n ion and g marketin marketin (ha) (quintal) quantity Channel g g [value ≥ [value ≥ given (ONE channel, channel, 0; NO 0; blank away for only) did your how BLANK only if free or [blank househol many S] area =0] used on only if d market weeks the farm qty. sold under after (quintals) =0 or contract? delivery [value ≥ =blank] 1- Yes is your 0; blank Quantity Average 2 –No househol only if (quintals) price per [blank d paid? productio [value ≥ 0; only if [value blank only if unit sold n =0 or (LEI) [blank qty. sold ≥0, 0 if productio production =0 or paid at =0] only if qty. n = sold =0] =blank] delivery; blank] blank only if qty. sold =0 or =blank] 1 Grain C040101 C040102 C040103 C040104 C040105 C040106 C040107 C040108 2 Sunflower seeds C040201 C040202 C040203 C040204 C040205 C040206 C040207 C040208 3 Vegetables C040301 C040302 C040303 C040304 C040305 C040306 C040307 C040308 4 Potatoes C040401 C040402 C040403 C040404 C040405 C040406 C040407 C040408 5 Sugar beets C040501 C040502 C040503 C040504 C040505 C040506 C040507 C040508

19 Product Area Total Own Sales in cash or barter in Main In your In your cultivate productio consumpt the last 12 months Marketin main main d n ion and g marketin marketin (ha) (quintal) quantity Channel g g [value ≥ [value ≥ given (ONE channel, channel, 0; NO 0; blank away for only) did your how BLANK only if free or [blank househol many S] area =0] used on only if d market weeks the farm qty. sold under after (quintals) =0 or contract? delivery [value ≥ =blank] 1- Yes is your 0; blank Quantity Average 2 –No househol only if (quintals) price per [blank d paid? productio [value ≥ 0; only if [value blank only if unit sold n =0 or (LEI) [blank qty. sold ≥0, 0 if productio production =0 or paid at =0] only if qty. n = sold =0] =blank] delivery; blank] blank only if qty. sold =0 or =blank] 6 C040601 C040602 C040603 C040604 C040605 C040606 C040607 C040608 Othe r field crop s 7 Fruits & berries C040701 C040702 C040703 C040704 C040705 C040706 C040707 C040708 8 Grapes C040801 C040802 C040803 C040804 C040805 C040806 C040807 C040808 9 Wool (quintals) C040901 C040902 C040903 C040904 C040905 C040906 C040907 C040908 10 Cotton C041001 C041002 C041003 C041004 C041005 C041006 C041007 C041008 11 Meat C041102 C041103 C041104 C041105 C041106 C041107 C041108 12 Meat products C041202 C041203 C041204 C041205 C041206 C041207 C041208 13 Milk (liters) C041302 C041303 C041304 C041305 C041306 C041307 C041308 14 Milk products C041402 C041403 C041404 C041405 C041406 C041407 C041408 15 Eggs (pieces) C041502 C041503 C041504 C041505 C041506 C041507 C041508 16 Fruit and vege- C041602 C041603 C041604 C041605 C041606 C041607 C041608 table preserves (quintals) 17 Other C041702 C041703 C041704 C041705 C041706 C041707 C041708 (C041700)

1 – Directly to consumers (market, door to door, by the road) 2 – Wholesalers, traders 3 – Agro-processing enterprise

20 4 – Procurement enterprise 5 – Farm enterprise 6 – Farmer association / cooperation 7 – On CIS and neighboring markets 8 – On other foreign markets 9 – Other (C040006)

C5) Could your household market more of your agricultural produce if you wanted to? [ask everybody] (C05) Yes 1 No 2

C6) What are the three main problems related to marketing agricultural produce? [ask everybody] Main difficulties (circle max. Product THREE!) Crops Livestock products C060101 C060102 C060201 C060202 C060301 C060302 5 1 – Min. quality requirements 2 – Min. quantity requirements 3 – Transportation problems 4 – Do not know enough buyers 5 – Do not know price 6 – Other difficulties (C060001) (C060002) 7 – No difficulties

21 SECTION D – FARMING: INPUTS AND EQUIPMENT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION

[Interviewer: If household does not use land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0, do not ask respondent to answer Section D.]

D1) How many people worked on your farm in the last 12 months and on what time basis and remuneration? [0 if none, NO BLANKS!] Full-time Part-time Amount paid in the last 12 months, cash and cash equivalent of in- kind payment (LEI)

Number Number Number Number persons days persons days 1 Members of household D010101 D010102 D010103 D010104 D010105 2 Relatives D010201 D010202 D010203 D010204 D010205 3 Friends or neighbors D010301 D010302 D010303 D010304 D010305 4 Hired labor D010401 D010402 D010403 D010404 D010405

22 D2) Please specify what inputs have you utilized in the last 12 months in your farm production, where you obtained them, and what problems you had accessing adequate inputs:

Input Quantity used Main source Indicate problem(s) in getting (kg) [value ≥ 0; (max. two) [blank only production inputs: no blanks] if qty. used =0] Circle max. THREE important problems 1 Seeds D020101 D020102 D020103 D020104 D020105 D020106 2 Fertilizers D020201 D020202 D020203 D020204 D020205 D020206 3 Chemicals D020301 D020302 D020303 D020304 D020305 D020306 4 Animal D020401 D020402 D020403 D020404 D020405 D020406 feed

1 – Obtained from farm 1 – Lack of cash enterprise in lieu of salaries / 2 – High price fees 3 - Absence on the market 2 – Purchased from farm 4 – Low quality enterprise 5 – Transportation 3 – Purchased on market / problems commercial enterprise 6 – Other (D020004) 4 – Received from agro- (D020005) (D020006) processing enterprise / trader 7 – No problems as part of a contract 5 – Taken from own production 6 – Other source (D020002) (D020003)

23 D3) Please indicate the machinery in working condition that you USE [interviewer: the important is the USE of machinery, it does not matter if owned or leased, or borrowed, etc.]: Use machine Main source What is the main problem in in working (max. two) [blank only obtaining this equipment? (max. condition if qty. used =0] THREE) [ask everybody] 1 – Yes 2 – No [no skip!] 1 Tractors D030101 D030102 D030103 D030104 D030105 D030106 2 Lories D030201 D030202 D030203 D030204 D030205 D030206 3 Other farm D030301 D030302 D030303 D030304 D030305 D030306 machinery (D030200)

1 - I use my own machines. 1 – High price of buying or renting. 2 – Friends or neighbors give me their 2 – No credit. machines for free use or send someone with the 3 – No machines / mechanical field machine (for free). services available for renting. 3 - A large farm enterprise lets me use their 4 – Other problem (D030004) machines / mechanical field services for free. (D030005) (D030006) 4 - I rent machines / mechanical field services 5 – No problems from farm enterprise. 5 - I rent machines / mechanical field services from others. 6 - Other (D030002) (D030003)

D4) What is the number of bullocks that you use for farm work, such as land preparation? ____(D04)______[0 if none, NO BLANK]

D5) What is the number of horses that you use for farm work, such as land preparation? ____(D05)______[0 if none, NO BLANK]

D6) In what way do you benefit from a big farm enterprise in your area? Services 1 – Yes 2 - No 1 Marketing of agricultural production D0601 2 Farm inputs D0602 3 Agricultural equipment, machinery D0603 services 4 Irrigation D0604 5 Agricultural advisory services D0605 6 Veterinary services D0606 7 Access to pasture land D0607 8 Loan for farm investments D0608

24 Services 1 – Yes 2 - No 1 Marketing of agricultural production D0601 9 Other finances D0609

D7) What information channels do you use to get information on farming-related matters (such as price information, information on government decisions, developments in other regions, technologies, land market, etc.), employment, educational or training opportunities, questions related to social and municipal services? (D0701) (D0702) (D0703) Circle max. THREE Radio programs 1 TV programs 2 Newspapers 3 Written material/leaflets 4 Library 5 Internet 6 Contact in farm enterprise 7 Agro-processing enterprise 8 Other household based farmers / friends 9 Extension / advisory services 10 Other (D0700)______11 None 12

25 SECTION E – FARMING: INVESTMENTS AND FINANCES

[Interviewer: If household does not use land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0, do not ask respondent to answer Section E.]

E1) Did you invest over the last 12 months, in what, what amount, and how did you finance your investment? Did you Amount (LEI) Source of finance IF YOU USED invest? [blank only if 1 – Loans A LOAN, from 1 – Yes no investment 2 – Own savings whom did you 2 – No in col.1] 3 – Loans and borrow? [blank savings [blank only if no only if no investment in investment in col.1 OR if col.1] source of finance = savings] 1 Land E010101 E010102 E010103 E010104 2 Livestock E010201 E010202 E010203 E010204 3 Fruit trees / E010301 E010302 E010303 E010304 vineyards 4 Equipment E010401 E010402 E010403 E010404 5 Buildings E010501 E010502 E010503 E010504 6 Other E010601 E010602 E010603 E010604 (E010600)

1 – Commercial bank 2 – Saving and Credit Ass. 3 – Relative, friend, neighbor 4 – Private money-lender 5 – Supplier or buyer 6 – Agro-processing enterprise 7 – Other (E010004)

E2) Could you obtain a loan for investing in farming if you wanted to? (E2) Yes 1 No 2

E3) Please rank the three main difficulties in obtaining a loan for an investment in agriculture? [ask everybody]

1 There is no bank / credit provider servicing my area. 2 Investments in agriculture do not generate sufficient profits to cover interest rates and other loan costs. 3 Investments in agriculture are too risky. 4 I cannot provide the required collateral for the loan.

26 5 The application procedures are complicated. 6 The investments that I am planning are not eligible for loans in terms of type or duration. 7 The repayment term is inappropriate. 8 One needs connections to get a loan 9 Other (E0300) 10 No difficulties

Difficulties Most difficult: (E0301) Second most difficult: (E0302) Third most difficult: (E0303)

27 SECTION F – FARMING: CHANGES OVER TIME

[Interviewer: If household does not use land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0, do not ask respondent to answer Section F.]

F1) Please rate on a scale from 1 (very low / difficult) to 5 (very high / easy) the following aspects of your living conditions and farming activities today, three years ago, and what you expect in three years from now [no 0 or blanks]. Today 3 years Expected in 3 ago years from now 1 Level of your agricultural yields F010101 F010102 F010103 2 Difficulty to market your agricultural production F010201 F010202 F010203 3 Difficulty to purchase land F010301 F010302 F010303 4 Difficulty to sell land F010401 F010402 F010403 5 Difficulty to lease in land F010501 F010502 F010503 6 Difficulty to lease out land F010601 F010602 F010603 7 Difficulty to obtain seeds, fertilizer, pesticides F010701 F010702 F010703 8 Difficulty to access agricultural equipment in F010801 F010802 F010803 working condition 9 Difficulty to obtain satisfactory irrigation F010901 F010902 F010903 10 Difficulty to obtain agricultural advisory services F011001 F011002 F011003 11 Difficulty to obtain veterinary services F011101 F011102 F011103 12 Difficulty to access pasture land F011201 F011202 F011203 13 Difficulty to obtain a loan for farm investments F011301 F011302 F011303 14 Level of your farm investments F011401 F011402 F011403

F2) Please indicate the area of land cultivated and the number of people working on the household farm today, three years ago, and what you expect in three years from now [no 0 or blanks].

Today 3 years Expected in 3 ago years from now 1 Area of land (ha) that your household USES F020101 F020102 F020103 2 Number of family members (include extended F020201 F020202 F020203 family) working on your farm 3 Number of hired workers working on your farm F020301 F020302 F020303 (paid by cash or in kind)

28 SECTION G -- HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, AND LIVING STANDARDS

G1) What amount of money do you on average have per month at your disposal? _____(G01)______LEI

G2) What portion of your monthly income consists of the following items? [consistency check  do items 1-10 add up to 100%]

% of total HH income [value 0; no blanks]

LEI [value ≥ 0; no blanks] 1 Salaries from agricultural companies G0201 2 Salaries from non-agricultural companies G0202 3 Revenues from sales of farm products G0203 4 Revenues from non-farm private business G0204 5 Pensions G0205 6 Social assistance G0206 7 Gifts and remittances G0207 8 Rent/lease payments received (for land and G0208 other) 9 Value of farm products that the household G0209 produced and consumed itself 10 Value of other products received in kind G0210 11 Other (G021100) G0211 Total income 100%

G3) IF the household receives income from salaries, are the salary payments received in time? [can only be blank if salary in G2 =0] (G03) Yes 1 Go to q. G5 No 2 Go to q. G4

G4) IF NO, On average, how many months is the salary in arrears? ___(G04)___ months [can only be blank if G2= yes, i.e. household receives salaries on time]

G5) IF your household receives pensions, do you get the payment in time? [can only be blank if pensions in G2 =0] (G05) Yes 1 Go to q. G7 No 2 Go to q. G6

29 G6) IF NO, on average, how many months are the pensions for your household in arrears? __(G06)____ months [can only be blank if G4= yes, i.e. household receives pensions on time]

G7) State the amount your household spent in cash on the following categories of expenditures in the past week, month, quarter, one or two years? [only fill in white fields] Type of expenditure Amount spent last week Amount spent last (LEI) month (LEI) 1 Food G0701 2 Tobacco G0702 3 Alcohol G0703 4 Transport (tickets, gasoline, etc) G0704 5 Housing (rent) G0705 6 Utilities (electricity, water, gas) G0706 [doublecheck if billing cycle is monthly, if not ask respondent to indicate AVERAGE monthly figure] 7 Communications (telephone, G0707 telegraph, postal fees) 8 Other monthly expenditures G0708

Type of expenditure Amount spent in Amount spent Amount spent last three month in last year in last two (LEI) (LEI) years (LEI) 9 Clothing and footwear G0709 10 Health (doctors, folk healers, G0710 medicines, etc) 11 Education (fees, school books, G0711 payments/presents to teachers) 12 Ceremonial events (christening, G0712 weddings, funerals, etc.) 13 Automobile or other means of G0713 transport 14 Refrigerators, TV, stereo, video, or G0714 other expensive appliances, etc. 15 Investments in home improvements G0715 or new home construction

30 G8) Please rate on a scale from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) your household’s well- being today, three years ago, and what you expect in three years from now [no 0 or blanks]. 1 Today G0801 2 3 years ago G0802 3 3 years from now G0803

G9) On a scale from 1 (=not available at all) to 5 (=always available in satisfactory quality / reliability), indicate if you obtain the following services today, and before dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm. Before dismantling Today of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm 1 Electricity G090101 G090102 2 Gas G090201 G090202 3 Drinking water G090301 G090302 4 Telephone G090401 G090402 5 Other (G090500) G090501 G090502

31 SECTION H -- COMMUNITY WELFARE AND SERVICES

H1) What social benefits did you enjoy before dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm, and what do you continue to enjoy today? [NO BLANKS] Before Now Who is at present dismantling of 1 – Yes providing these the sovkhoz / 2 – No [no social services kolkhoz farm skip] and benefits? [ask 1 – Yes everybody] 2 – No 1 Compensation for price increases H010101 H010102 H010103 2 Pension augmentation H010201 H010202 H010203 3 Children allowances H010301 H010302 H010303 4 Subsidized childcare/ pre-school subsidies H010401 H010402 H010403 5 School subsidies H010501 H010502 H010503 6 Stipends for college and university H010601 H010602 H010603 students 7 Help with housing construction and repair H010701 H010702 H010703 8 Heating fuel H010801 H010802 H010803 9 Food at subsidized prices H010901 H010902 H010903 10 Help with purchase of manufactured H011001 H011002 H011003 goods 11 Subsidized utilities H011101 H011102 H011103 12 Medical care H011201 H011202 H011203 13 Subsidized vacation H011301 H011302 H011303 14 Enterprise housing H011401 H011402 H011403 15 Public transportation H011501 H011502 H011503 16 Other (H011600) H011601 H011602 H011603

1 – State and local authority 2 – Labor union 3 – Farm association / enterprise 4 – Other (H010003) 5 – No such social service or benefits available 6 – Don’t know

32 H2) What services (at local and district level) did you have access to before dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm / do you have access to now? Available to Available to Time needed to go Degree of Services you before you NOW? there now satisfaction now: dismantling of 1 – Yes (minutes) [ask rank from 1 (not the sovkhoz / 2 - No everybody; blank satisfied at all) to kolkhoz farm? only if not 5 (fully satisfied) 1 – Yes available at all] [only blank if not 2 - No available] 1 Food stores H020101 H020102 H020103 H020104 2 General stores for H020201 H020202 H020203 H020204 consumer goods 3 Open air (food) market H020301 H020302 H020303 H020304 4 Bank H020401 H020402 H020403 H020404 5 Saving and Credit H020501 H020502 H020503 H020504 Association 6 Public transport services H020601 H020602 H020603 H020604 7 Gas station H020701 H020702 H020703 H020704 8 Telephone (fixed) service H020801 H020802 H020804 9 Mobile telephone H020902 H020904 10 First aid / polyclinic H021001 H021002 H021003 H021004 11 Hospital H021101 H021102 H021103 H021104 12 Secondary School H021201 H021202 H021203 H021204 13 Primary School H021301 H021302 H021303 H021304 14 Kindergarten H021401 H021402 H021403 H021404 15 Mosque / church H021501 H021502 H021503 H021504 16 Community center or H021601 H021602 H021603 H021604 house of culture 17 Sports stadium or facility H021701 H021702 H021703 H021704 18 Café, restaurant, bar H021801 H021802 H021803 H021804 19 Other (H021900 H021901 H021902 H021903 H021904

H3) On a scale from 1 (=very low) to 5 (=very high), assess the following aspects of community life before dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm and today. [no 0 or blanks]

33 Before Today dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm 1 Level of alcohol use among adults H030101 H030102 2 Level of alcohol use among youth H030201 H030202 (under 25 years of age) 3 Level of crime H030301 H030302 4 Criminal activity among youth H030401 H030402 (under 25 years of age) 5 Domestic abuse/violence H030501 H030502

H4) On a scale from 1 (=not influential at all) to 5 (=very powerful), indicate the level of influence of the following people in your community before dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm and today. [no 0 or blanks]

Before Today dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm 1 Farm workers H040101 H040102 2 Independent farmers H040201 H040202 3 Managers H040301 H040302 4 Land committee officials H040401 H040402 5 Village officials H040501 H040502 6 Rayon officials H040601 H040602 7 District/oblast officials H040701 H040702 8 Technical specialists H040801 H040802 9 Extension services providers H040901 H040902 10 Social services providers H041001 H041002 11 Religious bodies H041101 H041102 12 NGOs H041201 H041202 13 Policemen H041301 H041302 14 Other (H041400) H041401 H041402