APPENDIX B of TITLE 12

APPENDIX B of TITLE 12 North Idaho Native and Beneficial Plant List

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST...... 2 TREES...... 2 SHRUBS...... 3 PERENNIALS...... 6 FERNS...... 11 GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS...... 12 GROUND COVER...... 15 VINES...... 16

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST...... 17 TREES...... 17 SHRUBS...... 18 PERENNIALS...... 19 GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS...... 20

– B-1 – PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST Plants that are native to North Idaho

Codes: Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade *Keep away from sewer and septic lines

Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum Notes

Alder, Red* Alnus rubra 40-60 ft M/W S/PS Fixes nitrogen in the soil; catkins

Alder, Sitka* Alnus viridis 30 ft. M/W S Interior Rain Improves soil by adding Forest/ organic matter and Riparian nitrogen; catkins

Aspen*, Populus 90 ft. M/D S Aspen Grove Golden fall color; spreads Quaking tremuloides by root runners; gray- white smooth bark

Birch, Paper* Betula 50-70 M S Wetland Yellow fall foliage; white papyrifera ft. peeling bark

Birch, Water* Betula 13-26 W S/PS Wetland Streambank stabilization; occidentalis ft. pinkish, non-peeling bark

Cottonwood*, Populus 150- M/W S Sticky, red seed cases; Black trichocarpa 180 ft. good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds

Fir, Douglas; Pseudotsuga 150 ft. D/M S/PS Shade tolerant; well Red menziesii drained soil; pyramidal shape

Fir, Grand; Abies grandis 100 ft. M/D S/PS Fragile erect cones at top White of tree; fragrant foliage

Fir, Subalpine Abies 60-105 M S/Sh Subalpine Dark-green needles with lasiocarpa ft. whitish-lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow, slow-growing; red-purple cones at top

Hemlock, Tsuga 120- M Sh Interior rain Needs shade when Western heterophylla 150 ft. forest young; thick, acidic, humus soil

Larch, Larix 100- D/M S Young Forest Golden fall color; Western; occidentalis 200 ft. deciduous, erect, slender Tamarack

– B-2 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum Notes

Maple, Rocky Acer glabrum 20 - 30 M/D S/PS Young Forest Shrubby multi-trunk tree; Mountain ft. fall and winter color; attractive all year

Pine, Pinus 140 ft. D/M S Young Forest 3 needles per sheaf; dry Ponderosa; ponderosa open sites; fire resistant Yellow, Bull

Pine, Western Pinus 230 ft. D/M S Young Forest Idaho State Tree; five White monticola needles per sheaf; good specimen tree

Redcedar, Thuja plicata 100- M PS/Sh Moist Forest Evergreen-scale-like Western 120 ft. leaves; aromatic; red- brown bark; rich, moist soil

Spruce, Picea 75-120 M PS Subalpine Blue-green, stiff, Engelmann engelmannii ft. evergreen needles; slow growing

SHRUBS

Alder, Wavy Alnus viridis 10 ft. May- M S/PS Forms thicket; fast leaf* ssp. Sinuata July growing; fixes nitrogen

Birch, Bog, Betula nana 3-10 ft. Feb- W S/PS Deep orange in the fall; Scrub* June acidic soil; spreading

Buffalo Berry Shepherdia 3-13 ft. May- D/M S/PS Dry Forest Small yellow flowers; canadensis July orange to red berries: fixes nitrogen

Cascara, Frangula up to Jun- M/W Sh Small, yellow flower Buckthorn purshiana 30 ft. July clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduous

Ceanothus, Ceanothus 2 ft. D/M S Small white flowers in Shiny Leafed velutinus var. pyramidal clusters; good browes

Chokecherry, Prunus 3-12 ft. Apr- D S Meadow/ White flowers; grows in Common virginiana May Medicinal rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birds

Cranberry, Viburnum 1.5 M/W PS/Sh Clusters of white flowers., Highbush edule to10 ft red berries, likes rich organic soil

Devil’s club Oplopanax 3-10 ft. May- M Sh Interior Rain Creamy white flowers; horridus June Forest beautiful red berries in fall; very spiny

Dogwood, Red Cornus 3-6 ft. May- M/W S/PS Interior Rain Greenish-white flower Osier sericea July Forest clusters;white berries; red twigs

Elderberry, Sambucus 6-12 ft. M S Riparian Clusters of white flowers; Blue nigra var. grows along cerulea watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast growing

Hawthorn, Crataegus 6 to 25 May- D/W S White flower cluster; small Black douglasii var. ft. June black fruit; thorny; soil & stream stabilization

Hazelnut, Corylus 3-12 ft. M S/Sh Edible nuts; yellow, fall Beaked cornuta color; stream banks; well- drained soil

Huckleberry, Menziesia up to 9 M S/Sh Tiny, pinkish-yellow Fool's; False ferruginea ft. flowers, blue-green Azalea foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage; acidic, humus soil

Huckleberry, Vaccinium to 6 ft M/W S Subalpine White to pink flowers; Oval-leaf ovalifolium edible blue-black berries; red fall foliage

Huckleberry, Vaccinium to 4.5 ft M/D S Subalpine White to pink flowers; Thinleaf membranaceum purple to reddish-black berries; red fall foliage

Juniper, Rocky Juniperus 3-30 ft. D S Grayish-green; gray-blue Mountain scopulorum berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sites

Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos 6-10 in. D S/PS Paths Urn-shaped flowers, red uva-ursi berries; evergreen shiny leaves

Maple, Rocky Acer glabrum 20-30 M/D S/PS Young Forest Shrubby multi-trunk tree; Mountain var. ft. fall and winter color; attractive all year

Mountain Ash, Sorbus 3-15 ft. June- M S/PS White flower clusters; Sitka sitchensis var. July grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berries

Mountain Ash, Sorbus 3-13 ft. May- D/M S/PS White flower clusters; Western scopulina var. July grows on slopes; excellent scopulina fall color-leaves & berries

Mountain Pachistima 1-2 ft. May- M PS Berm Tiny maroon flowers; Lover, Myrtle myrsinites June good deer browse; Boxwood, evergreen; False Boxwood

Ninebark, Physocarpus to 6 ft May- D/M S Dry Rock White flowers; leaves Mallow malvaceus June hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil

Ocean Spray Holodiscus 3-10 ft. June- D/M S/PS Dry Forest Foamy, creamy-white discolor Aug flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soil

Oregon Grape, Mahonia 6-24 in. Spring D/M PS/Sh Path Yellow flowers; shiny Cascade nervosa leaves; evergreen; dark berries

Oregon Grape, Mahonia 6-12 in. Apr/ D/M S Path Bright yellow flower Creeping repens June clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves

Oregon Grape, Mahonia 8-48 in. May/Ju D/M S Path Yellow flower clusters; Tall aquifolium ne prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant; rich soil;

Penstemon, Penstemon to 15 June- D S Dry Rock Flowers blue-lavender to Shrubby fruticosus in. Aug purple, rocky soil

Rose, Baldhip Rosa 1-4 ft. June- D/M S Small pink flowers; small gymnocarpa July scarlet hips var.

Rose, Nootka Rosa nutkana 3-6 ft. May- M S Dry Rock Large pastel pink flowers; var. July large, red hips

Rose, Pearhip Rosa woodsii 3-6 ft. May- D S Dry Rock/ Pink flowers; large, dark var. July Medicinals red hips; spreads well.

Rose, Prickly Rosa 3-6 ft. June- M S Pink flowers; very spiny acicularis var. Aug

Service Berry; Amelanchier 6-30 ft. May- M/D S Young Forest White flowers; dark blue Saskatoon alnifolia var. June berries; attracts birds

Snowberry Symphoricarp 4 ft. May- D S Path Pink flowers, white berries os albus Aug (poisonous) persist through winter;

Spiraea, Birch- Spiraea 10"-24" June- M/D S Meadow/ White flowers in dense flat Leaved betulifolia var. July Moist Forest clusters; easy to grow

Spiraea, Spiraea 4 ft. June- M/W S Riparian/ Pink to deep rose, dense, Douglas, Pink douglasii var. July Rain Forest elongate clusters; easy to grow

Sumac; Rhus glabra 3-9 ft. June- D S Dry Rock White flower clusters; Smooth July grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berries

Syringa, Philadelphus 3-9 ft. May- M S/PS Young Forest White, fragrant flowers; Mockorange lewisii July Idaho state flower; grows in open forests

Thimbleberry Rubus 1 1/2-7 May- D/M PS/Sh Dry Rock White flowers; edible fruit; parviflorus ft. July spreads by rhizomes

Twinberry, Lonicera 3-9 ft. June- M/W S/PS Yellow flowers clusters; Black; involucrata July black berries in fall; boggy Bearberry soil

Twinberry, Lonicera 3-6 ft. May- M S/PS Moist Forest Twin, yellow flowers. Red; Utah utahensis July followed by twin red Honeysuckle berries

Willow, Salix bebbiana 1-15 ft. W S/PS White catkins; grows in Bebb's* seeps

Willow, Salix 6-12 ft. M S/PS Long, oval-shaped leaves; Drummond* drummondian tolerates poor soil; moist, a water's edge

Willow, Salix 4-15 ft. M S Catkins; holds shorelines Geyer's* geyeriana

Willow, Salix lasiandra 3-27 ft. W S Pale yellow catkins; Pacific* medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelines

Willow, Salix exigua to 12ft. May- W S Grows on sandbars Sandbar* June

Willow, Salix 7-33 ft. D/M S Young Forest Erect, clumped growth Scouler* scouleriana

PERENNIALS

Alumroot, Heuchera 6-20 in. May- D S Dry Rock/ Cream flowers on spike- Round-Leafed cylindrica var. Aug. Meadow like clusters

Arnica, Arnica latifolia 3-20 in. All M S/PS Medicinal Bright yellow ray flowers Broadleaf var. Summer Garden

Arnica, Heart- Arnica 3-20 in. May- M S/PS Medicinal Yellow, daisy-like flowers; Leaved cordifolia Aug Garden leaves similar to trail plant

Aster, Showy Eurybia 1-3 ft. July- D/M PS/Sh Young Forest Blue to violet ray flowers conspicua Sept with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pines

Aster, Smooth Aster laevis 4-10 in. July- D/M S Rose-purple to blue or Blue Sept violet, yellow center

Balsamroot, Balsamorhiza 12-18 May- D S/PS Dry Rock Very showy, daisy type Arrowleaf sagittata in. June yellow flower; well drained soil

Beargrass Xerophyllum stems May- M S Subalpine Creamy flower cluster on tenax to 4.5 ft Aug tall stem; grass-like leaves in clumps; lily family

Bedstraw, Galium 8-39 in. May- M/W PS/Sh Tiny white flowers; Fragrant triflorum June reseeds; peat soil

Bergamot, Monarda 8-28 in. June- M/D S/PS Pink/purple flowers; large Wild Beebalm fistulosa Aug clumps; rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soil

Biscuitroot, Lomatium to 5 ft. Apr- D S/PS Yellow or purple flowers; Fern-leaved dissectum June rocky soil

Biscuitroot, Lomatium 8-32 in. Spring D S Yellow flowers; likes rocky Nine-leaf triternatum soil

Biscuitroot, Lomatium 4-10 in. Early D/M PS Small white flowers (salt) Salt & Pepper; gormanii Spring w purple anthers (pepper); Gorman's east exposure Desert-Parsley

Bitterroot Lewisia 2-3 in. Apr- D/M S Showy pink flower; well rediviva July drained rocky soil

Blanketflower Gaillardia 8-27 in. June- D S Young Forest Flowers yellow to maroon; aristata July reseeds; well-drained soil; tolerates heat

Bluebell, Long- Mertensia 5-8 in. Apr/ M S/PS Pink, clustered, bell flowered or longiflora June shaped flowers turn blue Mountain

Bluebells Campanula 6-20 in. All D S Dry Rock Purplish-blue, bell-shaped rotundifolia Summer flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soil

Buckwheat, Eriogonum 2-6 in. May- D S Creamy white flower Cushion ovalifolium Aug cluster; mat-forming, gray- green leaves

Buckwheat, Eriogonum 2-12 in. June- D S Creamy white flower Sulphur umbellatum Aug cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat- forming, gray-green leaves

Buttercup, Ranunculus 6-24 in. Early M/W S/Sh Small pale yellow flowers Little uncinatus Summer

Buttercup, Ranunculus 2-8 in. Early D/M S/PS Yellow flowers; coniferous Sagebrush glaberrimus Spring forests; vanishes in mid- var. summer

Camas, Camassia 12 in. Apr/ M S/PS Riparian Several blue-purple Common quamash July flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring & dry summer soil

Cattail, Typha latifolia stems W S Riparian Dark brown blossoms Common to 6 ft become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes

Cinquefoil, Potentilla 1-2 ft. Late D S/PS Yellow flowers; 5-fingered Graceful gracilis var. Spring leaves; looks like "marijuana leaf"

Cinquefoil, Potentilla 6-16 in. June- D/M S/PS Pale yellow flowers; 5- Sticky glandulosa Aug fingered leaves. var.

Clarkia, Pink Clarkia 2-8 in. May- M/D S Pink flowers; well-drained Fairies pulchella June soil; annual; reseeds

Collomia, Collomia 4-15 in. May- D/M S Small tubular pink flowers Narrow-leaved linearis Aug in dense cluster

Columbine, Aquilegia 8-28 in. May- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Drooping red sepals, Red formosa Aug yellow petals

Columbine, Aquilegia 8-30 in. June- M S/PS Yellow petals, yellow Yellow flavescens Aug sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadows

Cow Parsnip Heracleum 3-7 ft. June M/W S/Sh Wetland White flower clusters 4-12 maximum in. across; maple-like, showy leaves

Fireweed Chamerion 1-7 ft. June- M S Dry Rock Large rose to purple angustifolium Aug flowers. First to grow after ssp. a fire; spreads by angustifolium rhizomes

Flax, Blue Linum lewisii 2 ft/ May- D/M S/PS Young Forest Blue flowers replace daily; Sep reseeds; very easy to grow

Fleabane, Erigeron 4-24 in May- D/M S-PS Subalpine Blue ray flowers with Daisy speciosus Aug yellow center. Blooms before the asters

Foamflower Tiarella 6-20 in. June- W/M Sh/PSh Tiny, delicate white trifoliata var. July flowers on wiry stalks

Geranium, Geranium 16-35 May- M PS/Sh White to pinkish flowers Cranesbill richardsonii in. Sept

Geranium, Geranium 16-35 May- D S/Sh Pinkish-purple flowers; Sticky viscosissimum in. Sept grassy meadows

Goldenrod Solidago 12-70 July- D/M S/PS Meadow Dense clusters of showy canadensis in. Oct yellow flowers var. salebrosa

Grass Widow Olsynium 6-10 in. Early M S/PS Purple-blue flowers; iris- douglasii var. Spring like leaves inflatum

Groundsel, Senecio 1-5 ft. June- W S/PS Yellow composite flowers Arrowleaf triangularis Sept in flat topped heads

Hollyhock, Iliamna 3-6 ft. June- M S Showy spikes of pink to Mountain rivularis Aug white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well- drained soil

Hooker's Disporum 1-3 ft. Late M/W S/Sh Moist Forest 2-3 creamy flowers hang Fairybells hookeri Spring from stem ends; red berries in fall

Hyacinth, Wild Brodiaea 6-10 in. Apr- D S/PS Blue flowers clumped at douglasii June the end of a long stem

Jacob's ladder Polemonium 2-15 in. May- D/M S Blue flowers; in the Phlox pulcherrimum Aug family; reseeds readily

Larkspur, Delphinium 3-15 in./ Apr- D/M S Stalk of blue/purple, Montana bicolor 6-24 in. July showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forests

Larkspur, Delphinium 6-16 in. D S/PS Showy blue to violet Nuttall's nuttallianum flowers; open forest

Lily, Columbia; Lilium 2 feet/ Jul/Aug 3 3 Dry Rock Orange flowers with red- Tiger lily columbianum purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms

Lily, Leopard; Fritillaria 2 1/2 ft April- M S-PS Purple-brown flowers Chocolate Lily lanceolata June mottled with green. Purchase corms

Lupine, Silky Lupinus 8-24 in. Spring D S Meadow Deep blue/purple flowers sericeus on erect stems

Lupine, Silvery Lupinus 4-16 in. Spring D/M S/PS Meadow Violet/blue flowers on argenteus erect stems; clumps

Meadowrue, Thalictrum 1-3 ft. M S Small white flowers in Western occidentale loose clusters at top of stems

Miner's Claytonia 2-12 in. Apr- M PS/Sh White to pink nodding Lettuce perfoliata July flowers in a cluster above (Montia leaf disk perfoliata)

Miner's lettuce, Claytonia 4-12 in. May- W PS Moist Forest Small white flowers with Heart-leaved cordifolia Sept pink veins; grows along streams

Monkey Mimulus 3 -36 Summer W S/Sh Yellow flowers; grows Flower, Yellow guttatus in. along streams

Nightshade, Circaea alpina 4-20 in. M/W Sh Tiny flowers: showy Dwarf leaves; cool, damp forest Enchanter's or wetland sites

Onion, Pink Allium 4 - 20 June- D S/PS Medicinal Pink to rose purple nodding cernuum in. July flowers; spreads by clumping

Pearly Anaphalis 1-3 ft. July- D/M S Dry Rock White flowers in dense Everlasting margaritacea Oct clustered heads; good dried flower

Phalicia, Phacelia 3-20 in. May- D S Lavender-blue flowers; Threadleaf linearis July annual; reseeds

Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum 4-12 in. May- D/M S/Sh Dry Rock Pink to red flowers, lacy July leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soil

Prince's Pine Chimaphila 1 ft. June- M S/PS Pink flowers on top of long umbellata Aug stem; evergreen, rosette leaves

Shooting star, Dodecatheon 6-16 in. Apr- M S/Sh 2-15 pink flowers per Woodland pulchellum Aug stem; likes moist humus- rich soil

Skunk Lysichiton 1-3 ft. Apr- W PS/Sh Wetland Spike of tiny yellow Cabbage americanus July flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogs

Solomon's- Maianthemum 1-3 ft. Apr- M PS/Sh White flowers; red berries; Seal, False racemosum July spreads by rhizomes

Solomon's- Maianthemum 8-24 in. May- M S/PS Small white flowers; Seal, Star- stellatum June rhizomes; moist, open flowered forest

Stonecrop Sedum 2-8 in. May- D S/PS Star-shaped, bright-yellow stenopetalum Aug flowers, grows on well drained rocky slopes.

Sweet Cicely, Osmorhiza 16-48 Apr- M Sh Yellow or white flowers in Western berteroi, in. July groups; black, needle- Osmorhiza shaped seeds; licorice purpurea aroma; rich soil

Trailplant, Adenocaulon Up to 3 June- M Sh Tiny white flowers on Pathfinder bicolor ft. Sept multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneath

Trillium Trillium 1 ft. Mar- M/W Sh/PSh Moist Forest Three broad white petals ovatum June on showy flower; three leaves

Twisted Stalk Streptopus 1-3 ft. May- M PS/Sh Greenish-white, bell- amplexifolius June shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fall

Valerian, Sitka Valeriana 1-3 ft. June- M S/PS Pale pink fading to white sitchensis Aug flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomes

Violet, Early Viola adunca 4 in Apr- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Blue or purple flower Blue var. Aug

Violet, Round- Viola to 2 in Apr- M S/PS Moist Forest Yellow flower leaf orbiculata July

Violet, Stream Viola glabella 2 to 7.5 Apr- M/W S/PS Moist Forest Yellow flower; streams or Pioneer in July and seeps

Waterlily, Nuphar lutea 4-18 in. Summer W S/Sh Large, yellow flowers and Yellow ssp. large leaves float on the polysepala surface of ponds 2-10 ft. deep or slow streams

Woodland Lithophragma 8-20 in. Apr- M S/PS Small, white flower Star; Prairie parviflorum June Star var.

Yarrow Achillea 6 - 24 Aug - D/M S White flowers; leaves millefolium in. Oct fern-like; re-seeds aggressively; fragrant

Yellow Bell Fritillaria 3-12 in. Apr- D S/PS Nodding yellow flowers. pudica June Purchase corms

Brittle Bladder Crystopteris 4-12 in. D S Rocky sites; foothills to (Fragile) Fern fragilis alpine

Cliff Fern Woodsia to 10 in D PS Rocky soil; dry cliffs; talus scopulina slopes

Crested Dryopteris 12-25 M/W PS/Sh Interior Rain Wet woods; evergreen Shieldfern cristata in. Forest

Lady Fern Athyrium filix- 2-5 ft. M PS/Sh Interior Rain Leaves in vase-like femina Forest clusters; spreads well by rhizomes

Oak Fern Gymnocarpium 3-14 in. M Sh Spreads well by rhizomes; dryopteris well-drained, acidic soil

Oregon Woodsia to 7.5 D PS Rocky soil; dry cliffs; rocky Woodsia; oregana in slopes; clusters of leaves Western Cliff Fern

Parsley Fern, Cryptogramma 4-12 in. M S Open, well-drained, rocky Rockbreak acrostichoides sites; parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreen

Sword Fern, Polystichum 2-4 ft. D/M Sh Interior Rain Rich soil; large clumps of Common munitum Forest leathery, deep-green fronds

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Alkali Poa juncifolia; Common at low to mid bluegrass P. secunda elevations in alkaline ssp. Juncifolia meadows, grasslands and dry open forests

Alpine Poa alpine High elevations in bluegrass meadows, disturbed sites and rocky slopes

American Beckmannia Cool season annual or sloughgrass syzigachne short-lived perennial grass commonly found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Frequently colonizes denuded wetland soils resulting from mud flat exposure. Seed units provide food for migratory waterfowl.

Blue-Bunch Pseudoregneri 2 - 3 ft. D S Perennial bunch grass, Wheatgrass a spicata leaves hairy above; drought tolerant

Blue Wildrye Elymus 2-3 ft. June- M/D S Meadow Blue-green blades in glaucus Aug small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forage

Bulrush, Scirpus acutus 2-10 ft. June- W S Grayish-brown spiklets Hardstem Sept and stems; rhizomes; grows in water

Bulrush, Scirpus to 4 ft. Late W S Wetland - roots need to Small-flowered microcarpus summer be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl

Bulrush, Schoenoplectus 2-4 ft. Late W S Wetland - roots need to Softstem tabernaemontan summer be in water; triangular i stems; forage for waterfowl

Cattail, Typha latifolia stems June- W S Riparian Organic soil by lakes and Common to 6 ft Aug streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature; invasive; water purifier

Columbia Bromus Similar and common brome vulgaris

Common Hierochloe (Name varies in US; sweetgrass odorata grows in all Canadian provinces) low to high elevations in wetlands

Cusick's Poa cusickii Widespread at low to high bluegrass elevations in grasslands and alpine meadows

Fringed brome Bromus Loosly tufted perennial ciliatus common in mid to sub alpine moist forests and wetlands

Hair bentgrass Agrostis Densely tufted perennial (Ticklegrass) scabra common at low to mid elevations in meadows, forest openings and disturbed sites

Idaho Fescue Festuca 1-3 ft. D/M S/PS Meadow Bluish-green, densely idahoensis tufted bunchgrass; cool, well-drained soil

Needle-and- Stipa comata Tufted perennial thread grass bunchgrass, common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and on south- facing slopes in dry forest openings (good forage before sharp seeds form)

Nodding Trisetum Moist forests, clearings trisetum cernuum and stream banks from low to sub alpine elevations

Nodding Cinna latifolia Increases 'tremendously' wood-reed on moist disturbed sites. Moist forests, low to mid- elevations

Nuttall's Puccinellia Wetlands, low to mid alkaligrass nuttaliana elevation, often where alkaline. Forage

Pinegrass Calamagrostis 2-3 ft. June- D S/PS Yellow-green to purple rubescens Aug seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes

Pumpelly Bromus Rhizomatous, sod-forming brome inermis ssp. perennial; scattered at low Pumpellanus to sub alpine elevations on grassy slopes and edge of dry forests. (not Bonner County but in Shoshone County)

Rough fescue Festuca Var. major common at low campestris; to mid elevations in dry to Festruca moist forests and scabrella grasslands (county level not avail on USDA)

Rough-leaved Oryzopsis Prostrate or spreading ricegrass asperifolia stems, low to mid elevations in dry to moist forest openings and clearings

Sandberg Poa secunda; J. Presl widespread at low bluegrass P. sandbergii; to mid elevations on well Poa secunda drained soils; common in low elevation grasslands

Sedge, Carex rostrata 6-45 in. W S Large clumps; rhizomes; Beaked wet feet

Sedge, Water Carex aquatilis 3 ft. W S/PS Forms a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feet

Spike trisetum Trisetum Perennial bunchgrass, spicatum open dry sites at low to high elevations

Spikerush, Eleocharis 4-50 in. M/W S Round stems; rhizomes; Creeping palustris alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feet

Spreading Stipa Tufted perennial common needlegrass richardsonii at low to mid elevations in grasslands and forest openings often forming solid stands at forest edges

Squirreltail Elymus Scattered in dry to moist grass elymoides; sites in open forests and Sitanion grasslands, all elevations hystrix (Kootenai County and others south)

Stiff occidentalis; Dry areas, low to mid needlegrass Achnatherum elevations open forests, occidentale ridges, grasslands (distribution on USDA in Idaho unconfirmed)

Timber Danthonia Mid to high elevations, oatgrass intermedia grasslands, meadows, wetlands and open forests

Tufted Deschampsia 1 1/2 - Spring- D/M S/PS Riparian Showy plumes in late Hairgrass cespitosa 2ft. Summer summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistant

Western Festuca Widespread and common fescue occidentalis at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and clearings

GROUND COVER

Blackberry, Rubus ursinus 2-3 in. June D/M S White flowers; ground Dewberry hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles

Bunchberry Cornus 2-8 in. Spring M PS Moist Forest White flowers; bright red canadensis berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by rhizomes

Ginger, Wild Asarum 2-4 in. Apr.- M Sh Moist Forest Hidden maroon flowers; caudatum July fragrant; moist, rich, organic soil

Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos 6-10 in. D S/PS Paths Urn-shaped pink flowers, uva-ursi red berries; evergreen

Oregon Grape, Mahonia 6-12 in. Apr/ D/M S Path Yellow flower clusters; Creeping repens June blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreen

Pussytoes, Antennaria 2-18 in June- M PS Subalpine Pink/white flowers in tight Rosy microphylla Aug heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forest

Pussytoes, Antennaria 4-24 in. May- D/M PS/Sh White flowers; gray-green Woods racemosa Aug leaves form a mat; rhizomes

Self-Heal, Prunella 4-20 in. May- M PS/Sh Pink to purple flowers in a Heal-All vulgaris Sept. dense head on short stems; spreads

Strawberry, Fragaria 2-6 in. May- D/M Sh-PS White flowers; tasty, Wild virginiana and August edible fruit; spreads easily F. vesca by runners

Sweet-scented Galium 1-4 in. PS Low-subalpine Vanilla fragrance. Small bedstraw triflorum flowers.

Twinflower Linnaea 4 June- M S/PS Moist Forest Trumpet-like nodding pink borealis inches/ Sept flowers; fragrant; organic soil

– B-15 – VINES

Clematis, Clematis 2-15 ft. May- M Sh Moist Forest Blue to lavender flowers; Western columbiana long July feathery, plumed seed Virgin's Bower pods; plant seed in fall

Clematis, Clematis up to May- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Cream-colored open White Virgin's ligusticifolia 60 ft. Aug flower clusters; silvery Bower long plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soil

Honeysuckle, Lonicera 6-18 ft. May- D/M PS Arbor Orange-yellow flowers; Orange ciliosa July climbs; orange-red berries

Peavine, Lathyrus 12-40 May- M/D S/PS Cream colored flowers; Creamy ochroleucus in July rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous

– B-16 – PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST Non-native plants considered beneficial because they are: non-invasive, low water users, locally available and use no or low insecticides or pesticides

Codes: Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade *Keep away from sewer and septic lines

Arborvitae

Austrian Pine Pinus nigra

Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata

Burr oak Quercus macrocarpa

Colorado blue Picea pungens spruce

Common Celtis occidentalis hackberry

Gingko tree Gingko biloba

Goldenrain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata

Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Hawthorn Crataegus douglasii

Limber Pine Pinus flexilis

Narrowleaf Populus Cottonwood angustifolia

Oak Quercus sp.

Parrotia Parrotia persica

Plains P. deltoides Cottonwood

Red Maple Acer rubrum

Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris

– B-17 – SHRUBS

American Viburnum sp. Cranberry Bush

American Prunus Plum americana

Blue Mist Caryopteris sp.

Chokeberry Aronia sp

Common Juniperus juniper communis

Common lilac Syringa vulgaris

Fothergilla Fothergilla sp.

Juniper Juniperus sp.

Oakleaf sumac Rhus trilobata

Pine Pine sp.

Redstem Ceanothus ceanothos sanguinus

Shrubby Dasiphora cinquefoil floribunda

Silver buffalo Sheperdia berry argentea

Staghorn Rhus typhina sumac

Virginia Itea virginica Sweetspire

Western Prunus pumila sandcherry

– B-18 – PERENNIALS

American Vicia vetch americana

Beardtongue Penstemon sp.

Black-eyed Rudbeckia Susan fulgida

Blanket Flower Gaillardia grandiflora

Blazing Star Liatrus sp.

Bluestar Amsonia sp.

Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberose

Coastal Fragaria strawberry chiloensis

Cone Flower Echinacea

Hyssop Agastache rupestris

Indian Castilleja paintbrush angustifolia

Larkspur Delphinium sp.

Lupine Lupinus sp.

Maximilian's Helianthus Sunflower maximiliana

Oregon Iris Iris tenax

Prairie Ratibida Coneflower columnifera

Yarrow Achillea sp.

Yucca Yucca glauca

– B-19 – GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Baltic Rush Juncus balticus

Beaked Sedge Carex utriculata

Big-leaf Sedge Carex amplifolia

Common or Juncus Soft Rush effusus

Green needle Nassella grass viridula

Hard fescue Festuca trachyphylla

Inflated Sedge Carex vesicaria

Jointed Rush Juncus articulatis

Nebraska Carex Sedge nebraskensis

Prairie june Koeleria grass macrantha

Sheep fescue Festuca ovina

Small-winged Carex Sedge microptera

Softstem Scirpus Bulrush validus

Thickspike Elmus wheatgrass lanceolatus

Three-square Scirpus Bulrush pungens

Western Pascopyrum wheatgrass smithii

Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus

Wooly Sedge Carex lanuginosa

– B-20 –