APPENDIX B of TITLE 12

APPENDIX B of TITLE 12 North Idaho Native and Beneficial Plant ListPART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST...... 2 TREES...... 2 SHRUBS...... 3 PERENNIALS...... 6 FERNS...... 11 GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS...... 12 GROUND COVER...... 15 VINES...... 16PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST...... 17 TREES...... 17 SHRUBS...... 18 PERENNIALS...... 19 GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS...... 20– B-1 – PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST Plants that are native to North IdahoCodes: Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade *Keep away from sewer and septic linesTREESCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAlder, Red* Alnus rubra 40-60 ft M/W S/PS Fixes nitrogen in the soil; catkinsAlder, Sitka* Alnus viridis 30 ft. M/W S Interior Rain Improves soil by adding Forest/ organic matter and Riparian nitrogen; catkinsAspen*, Populus 90 ft. M/D S Aspen Grove Golden fall color; spreads Quaking tremuloides by root runners; gray- white smooth barkBirch, Paper* Betula 50-70 M S Wetland Yellow fall foliage; white papyrifera ft. peeling bark Birch, Water* Betula 13-26 W S/PS Wetland Streambank stabilization; occidentalis ft. pinkish, non-peeling barkCottonwood*, Populus 150- M/W S Sticky, red seed cases; Black trichocarpa 180 ft. good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds Fir, Douglas; Pseudotsuga 150 ft. D/M S/PS Shade tolerant; well Red menziesii drained soil; pyramidal shapeFir, Grand; Abies grandis 100 ft. M/D S/PS Fragile erect cones at top White of tree; fragrant foliageFir, Subalpine Abies 60-105 M S/Sh Subalpine Dark-green needles with lasiocarpa ft. whitish-lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow, slow-growing; red-purple cones at topHemlock, Tsuga 120- M Sh Interior rain Needs shade when Western heterophylla 150 ft. forest young; thick, acidic, humus soilLarch, Larix 100- D/M S Young Forest Golden fall color; Western; occidentalis 200 ft. deciduous, erect, slender Tamarack – B-2 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesMaple, Rocky Acer glabrum 20 - 30 M/D S/PS Young Forest Shrubby multi-trunk tree; Mountain ft. fall and winter color; attractive all yearPine, Pinus 140 ft. D/M S Young Forest 3 needles per sheaf; dry Ponderosa; ponderosa open sites; fire resistant Yellow, Bull Pine, Western Pinus 230 ft. D/M S Young Forest Idaho State Tree; five White monticola needles per sheaf; good specimen treeRedcedar, Thuja plicata 100- M PS/Sh Moist Forest Evergreen-scale-like Western 120 ft. leaves; aromatic; red- brown bark; rich, moist soilSpruce, Picea 75-120 M PS Subalpine Blue-green, stiff, Engelmann engelmannii ft. evergreen needles; slow growingSHRUBSCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAlder, Wavy Alnus viridis 10 ft. May- M S/PS Forms thicket; fast leaf* ssp. Sinuata July growing; fixes nitrogenBirch, Bog, Betula nana 3-10 ft. Feb- W S/PS Deep orange in the fall; Scrub* June acidic soil; spreading Buffalo Berry Shepherdia 3-13 ft. May- D/M S/PS Dry Forest Small yellow flowers; canadensis July orange to red berries: fixes nitrogenCascara, Frangula up to Jun- M/W Sh Small, yellow flower Buckthorn purshiana 30 ft. July clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduousCeanothus, Ceanothus 2 ft. D/M S Small white flowers in Shiny Leafed velutinus var. pyramidal clusters; good browes Chokecherry, Prunus 3-12 ft. Apr- D S Meadow/ White flowers; grows in Common virginiana May Medicinal rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birdsCranberry, Viburnum 1.5 M/W PS/Sh Clusters of white flowers., Highbush edule to10 ft red berries, likes rich organic soil Devil’s club Oplopanax 3-10 ft. May- M Sh Interior Rain Creamy white flowers; horridus June Forest beautiful red berries in fall; very spinyDogwood, Red Cornus 3-6 ft. May- M/W S/PS Interior Rain Greenish-white flower Osier sericea July Forest clusters;white berries; red twigs– B-3 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesElderberry, Sambucus 6-12 ft. M S Riparian Clusters of white flowers; Blue nigra var. grows along cerulea watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast growingHawthorn, Crataegus 6 to 25 May- D/W S White flower cluster; small Black douglasii var. ft. June black fruit; thorny; soil & stream stabilizationHazelnut, Corylus 3-12 ft. M S/Sh Edible nuts; yellow, fall Beaked cornuta color; stream banks; well- drained soilHuckleberry, Menziesia up to 9 M S/Sh Tiny, pinkish-yellow Fool's; False ferruginea ft. flowers, blue-green Azalea foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage; acidic, humus soilHuckleberry, Vaccinium to 6 ft M/W S Subalpine White to pink flowers; Oval-leaf ovalifolium edible blue-black berries; red fall foliageHuckleberry, Vaccinium to 4.5 ft M/D S Subalpine White to pink flowers; Thinleaf membranaceum purple to reddish-black berries; red fall foliageJuniper, Rocky Juniperus 3-30 ft. D S Grayish-green; gray-blue Mountain scopulorum berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sitesKinnikinnick Arctostaphylos 6-10 in. D S/PS Paths Urn-shaped flowers, red uva-ursi berries; evergreen shiny leavesMaple, Rocky Acer glabrum 20-30 M/D S/PS Young Forest Shrubby multi-trunk tree; Mountain var. ft. fall and winter color; attractive all yearMountain Ash, Sorbus 3-15 ft. June- M S/PS White flower clusters; Sitka sitchensis var. July grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berriesMountain Ash, Sorbus 3-13 ft. May- D/M S/PS White flower clusters; Western scopulina var. July grows on slopes; excellent scopulina fall color-leaves & berriesMountain Pachistima 1-2 ft. May- M PS Berm Tiny maroon flowers; Lover, Myrtle myrsinites June good deer browse; Boxwood, evergreen; False BoxwoodNinebark, Physocarpus to 6 ft May- D/M S Dry Rock White flowers; leaves Mallow malvaceus June hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil– B-4 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesOcean Spray Holodiscus 3-10 ft. June- D/M S/PS Dry Forest Foamy, creamy-white discolor Aug flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soilOregon Grape, Mahonia 6-24 in. Spring D/M PS/Sh Path Yellow flowers; shiny Cascade nervosa leaves; evergreen; dark berriesOregon Grape, Mahonia 6-12 in. Apr/ D/M S Path Bright yellow flower Creeping repens June clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves Oregon Grape, Mahonia 8-48 in. May/Ju D/M S Path Yellow flower clusters; Tall aquifolium ne prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant; rich soil;Penstemon, Penstemon to 15 June- D S Dry Rock Flowers blue-lavender to Shrubby fruticosus in. Aug purple, rocky soilRose, Baldhip Rosa 1-4 ft. June- D/M S Small pink flowers; small gymnocarpa July scarlet hips var.Rose, Nootka Rosa nutkana 3-6 ft. May- M S Dry Rock Large pastel pink flowers; var. July large, red hipsRose, Pearhip Rosa woodsii 3-6 ft. May- D S Dry Rock/ Pink flowers; large, dark var. July Medicinals red hips; spreads well.Rose, Prickly Rosa 3-6 ft. June- M S Pink flowers; very spiny acicularis var. AugService Berry; Amelanchier 6-30 ft. May- M/D S Young Forest White flowers; dark blue Saskatoon alnifolia var. June berries; attracts birdsSnowberry Symphoricarp 4 ft. May- D S Path Pink flowers, white berries os albus Aug (poisonous) persist through winter; Spiraea, Birch- Spiraea 10"-24" June- M/D S Meadow/ White flowers in dense flat Leaved betulifolia var. July Moist Forest clusters; easy to growSpiraea, Spiraea 4 ft. June- M/W S Riparian/ Pink to deep rose, dense, Douglas, Pink douglasii var. July Rain Forest elongate clusters; easy to growSumac; Rhus glabra 3-9 ft. June- D S Dry Rock White flower clusters; Smooth July grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berriesSyringa, Philadelphus 3-9 ft. May- M S/PS Young Forest White, fragrant flowers; Mockorange lewisii July Idaho state flower; grows in open forests Thimbleberry Rubus 1 1/2-7 May- D/M PS/Sh Dry Rock White flowers; edible fruit; parviflorus ft. July spreads by rhizomes– B-5 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesTwinberry, Lonicera 3-9 ft. June- M/W S/PS Yellow flowers clusters; Black; involucrata July black berries in fall; boggy Bearberry soilTwinberry, Lonicera 3-6 ft. May- M S/PS Moist Forest Twin, yellow flowers. Red; Utah utahensis July followed by twin red Honeysuckle berriesWillow, Salix bebbiana 1-15 ft. W S/PS White catkins; grows in Bebb's* seepsWillow, Salix 6-12 ft. M S/PS Long, oval-shaped leaves; Drummond* drummondian tolerates poor soil; moist, a water's edge Willow, Salix 4-15 ft. M S Catkins; holds shorelines Geyer's* geyerianaWillow, Salix lasiandra 3-27 ft. W S Pale yellow catkins; Pacific* medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelinesWillow, Salix exigua to 12ft. May- W S Grows on sandbars Sandbar* JuneWillow, Salix 7-33 ft. D/M S Young Forest Erect, clumped growth Scouler* scoulerianaPERENNIALSCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAlumroot, Heuchera 6-20 in. May- D S Dry Rock/ Cream flowers on spike- Round-Leafed cylindrica var. Aug. Meadow like clustersArnica, Arnica latifolia 3-20 in. All M S/PS Medicinal Bright yellow ray flowers Broadleaf var. Summer GardenArnica, Heart- Arnica 3-20 in. May- M S/PS Medicinal Yellow, daisy-like flowers; Leaved cordifolia Aug Garden leaves similar to trail plantAster, Showy Eurybia 1-3 ft. July- D/M PS/Sh Young Forest Blue to violet ray flowers conspicua Sept with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pinesAster, Smooth Aster laevis 4-10 in. July- D/M S Rose-purple to blue or Blue Sept violet, yellow centerBalsamroot, Balsamorhiza 12-18 May- D S/PS Dry Rock Very showy, daisy type Arrowleaf sagittata in. June yellow flower; well drained soilBeargrass Xerophyllum stems May- M S Subalpine Creamy flower cluster on tenax to 4.5 ft Aug tall stem; grass-like leaves in clumps; lily family Bedstraw, Galium 8-39 in. May- M/W PS/Sh Tiny white flowers; Fragrant triflorum June reseeds; peat soil– B-6 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesBergamot, Monarda 8-28 in. June- M/D S/PS Pink/purple flowers; large Wild Beebalm fistulosa Aug clumps; rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soilBiscuitroot, Lomatium to 5 ft. Apr- D S/PS Yellow or purple flowers; Fern-leaved dissectum June rocky soilBiscuitroot, Lomatium 8-32 in. Spring D S Yellow flowers; likes rocky Nine-leaf triternatum soilBiscuitroot, Lomatium 4-10 in. Early D/M PS Small white flowers (salt) Salt & Pepper; gormanii Spring w purple anthers (pepper); Gorman's east exposure Desert-ParsleyBitterroot Lewisia 2-3 in. Apr- D/M S Showy pink flower; well rediviva July drained rocky soilBlanketflower Gaillardia 8-27 in. June- D S Young Forest Flowers yellow to maroon; aristata July reseeds; well-drained soil; tolerates heatBluebell, Long- Mertensia 5-8 in. Apr/ M S/PS Pink, clustered, bell flowered or longiflora June shaped flowers turn blue Mountain Bluebells Campanula 6-20 in. All D S Dry Rock Purplish-blue, bell-shaped rotundifolia Summer flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soilBuckwheat, Eriogonum 2-6 in. May- D S Creamy white flower Cushion ovalifolium Aug cluster; mat-forming, gray- green leavesBuckwheat, Eriogonum 2-12 in. June- D S Creamy white flower Sulphur umbellatum Aug cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat- forming, gray-green leavesButtercup, Ranunculus 6-24 in. Early M/W S/Sh Small pale yellow flowers Little uncinatus SummerButtercup, Ranunculus 2-8 in. Early D/M S/PS Yellow flowers; coniferous Sagebrush glaberrimus Spring forests; vanishes in mid- var. summerCamas, Camassia 12 in. Apr/ M S/PS Riparian Several blue-purple Common quamash July flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring & dry summer soilCattail, Typha latifolia stems W S Riparian Dark brown blossoms Common to 6 ft become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes Cinquefoil, Potentilla 1-2 ft. Late D S/PS Yellow flowers; 5-fingered Graceful gracilis var. Spring leaves; looks like "marijuana leaf" – B-7 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesCinquefoil, Potentilla 6-16 in. June- D/M S/PS Pale yellow flowers; 5- Sticky glandulosa Aug fingered leaves. var.Clarkia, Pink Clarkia 2-8 in. May- M/D S Pink flowers; well-drained Fairies pulchella June soil; annual; reseedsCollomia, Collomia 4-15 in. May- D/M S Small tubular pink flowers Narrow-leaved linearis Aug in dense cluster Columbine, Aquilegia 8-28 in. May- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Drooping red sepals, Red formosa Aug yellow petalsColumbine, Aquilegia 8-30 in. June- M S/PS Yellow petals, yellow Yellow flavescens Aug sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadowsCow Parsnip Heracleum 3-7 ft. June M/W S/Sh Wetland White flower clusters 4-12 maximum in. across; maple-like, showy leavesFireweed Chamerion 1-7 ft. June- M S Dry Rock Large rose to purple angustifolium Aug flowers. First to grow after ssp. a fire; spreads by angustifolium rhizomesFlax, Blue Linum lewisii 2 ft/ May- D/M S/PS Young Forest Blue flowers replace daily; Sep reseeds; very easy to grow Fleabane, Erigeron 4-24 in May- D/M S-PS Subalpine Blue ray flowers with Daisy speciosus Aug yellow center. Blooms before the asters Foamflower Tiarella 6-20 in. June- W/M Sh/PSh Tiny, delicate white trifoliata var. July flowers on wiry stalksGeranium, Geranium 16-35 May- M PS/Sh White to pinkish flowers Cranesbill richardsonii in. SeptGeranium, Geranium 16-35 May- D S/Sh Pinkish-purple flowers; Sticky viscosissimum in. Sept grassy meadowsGoldenrod Solidago 12-70 July- D/M S/PS Meadow Dense clusters of showy canadensis in. Oct yellow flowers var. salebrosaGrass Widow Olsynium 6-10 in. Early M S/PS Purple-blue flowers; iris- douglasii var. Spring like leaves inflatumGroundsel, Senecio 1-5 ft. June- W S/PS Yellow composite flowers Arrowleaf triangularis Sept in flat topped headsHollyhock, Iliamna 3-6 ft. June- M S Showy spikes of pink to Mountain rivularis Aug white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well- drained soilHooker's Disporum 1-3 ft. Late M/W S/Sh Moist Forest 2-3 creamy flowers hang Fairybells hookeri Spring from stem ends; red berries in fall – B-8 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesHyacinth, Wild Brodiaea 6-10 in. Apr- D S/PS Blue flowers clumped at douglasii June the end of a long stemJacob's ladder Polemonium 2-15 in. May- D/M S Blue flowers; in the Phlox pulcherrimum Aug family; reseeds readilyLarkspur, Delphinium 3-15 in./ Apr- D/M S Stalk of blue/purple, Montana bicolor 6-24 in. July showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forestsLarkspur, Delphinium 6-16 in. D S/PS Showy blue to violet Nuttall's nuttallianum flowers; open forestLily, Columbia; Lilium 2 feet/ Jul/Aug 3 3 Dry Rock Orange flowers with red- Tiger lily columbianum purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms Lily, Leopard; Fritillaria 2 1/2 ft April- M S-PS Purple-brown flowers Chocolate Lily lanceolata June mottled with green. Purchase cormsLupine, Silky Lupinus 8-24 in. Spring D S Meadow Deep blue/purple flowers sericeus on erect stemsLupine, Silvery Lupinus 4-16 in. Spring D/M S/PS Meadow Violet/blue flowers on argenteus erect stems; clumpsMeadowrue, Thalictrum 1-3 ft. M S Small white flowers in Western occidentale loose clusters at top of stemsMiner's Claytonia 2-12 in. Apr- M PS/Sh White to pink nodding Lettuce perfoliata July flowers in a cluster above (Montia leaf disk perfoliata)Miner's lettuce, Claytonia 4-12 in. May- W PS Moist Forest Small white flowers with Heart-leaved cordifolia Sept pink veins; grows along streamsMonkey Mimulus 3 -36 Summer W S/Sh Yellow flowers; grows Flower, Yellow guttatus in. along streamsNightshade, Circaea alpina 4-20 in. M/W Sh Tiny flowers: showy Dwarf leaves; cool, damp forest Enchanter's or wetland sitesOnion, Pink Allium 4 - 20 June- D S/PS Medicinal Pink to rose purple nodding cernuum in. July flowers; spreads by clumpingPearly Anaphalis 1-3 ft. July- D/M S Dry Rock White flowers in dense Everlasting margaritacea Oct clustered heads; good dried flowerPhalicia, Phacelia 3-20 in. May- D S Lavender-blue flowers; Threadleaf linearis July annual; reseeds– B-9 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesPrairie Smoke Geum triflorum 4-12 in. May- D/M S/Sh Dry Rock Pink to red flowers, lacy July leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soilPrince's Pine Chimaphila 1 ft. June- M S/PS Pink flowers on top of long umbellata Aug stem; evergreen, rosette leavesShooting star, Dodecatheon 6-16 in. Apr- M S/Sh 2-15 pink flowers per Woodland pulchellum Aug stem; likes moist humus- rich soilSkunk Lysichiton 1-3 ft. Apr- W PS/Sh Wetland Spike of tiny yellow Cabbage americanus July flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogsSolomon's- Maianthemum 1-3 ft. Apr- M PS/Sh White flowers; red berries; Seal, False racemosum July spreads by rhizomesSolomon's- Maianthemum 8-24 in. May- M S/PS Small white flowers; Seal, Star- stellatum June rhizomes; moist, open flowered forestStonecrop Sedum 2-8 in. May- D S/PS Star-shaped, bright-yellow stenopetalum Aug flowers, grows on well drained rocky slopes. Sweet Cicely, Osmorhiza 16-48 Apr- M Sh Yellow or white flowers in Western berteroi, in. July groups; black, needle- Osmorhiza shaped seeds; licorice purpurea aroma; rich soilTrailplant, Adenocaulon Up to 3 June- M Sh Tiny white flowers on Pathfinder bicolor ft. Sept multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneathTrillium Trillium 1 ft. Mar- M/W Sh/PSh Moist Forest Three broad white petals ovatum June on showy flower; three leavesTwisted Stalk Streptopus 1-3 ft. May- M PS/Sh Greenish-white, bell- amplexifolius June shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fallValerian, Sitka Valeriana 1-3 ft. June- M S/PS Pale pink fading to white sitchensis Aug flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomesViolet, Early Viola adunca 4 in Apr- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Blue or purple flower Blue var. AugViolet, Round- Viola to 2 in Apr- M S/PS Moist Forest Yellow flower leaf orbiculata JulyViolet, Stream Viola glabella 2 to 7.5 Apr- M/W S/PS Moist Forest Yellow flower; streams or Pioneer in July and seeps– B-10 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesWaterlily, Nuphar lutea 4-18 in. Summer W S/Sh Large, yellow flowers and Yellow ssp. large leaves float on the polysepala surface of ponds 2-10 ft. deep or slow streamsWoodland Lithophragma 8-20 in. Apr- M S/PS Small, white flower Star; Prairie parviflorum June Star var.Yarrow Achillea 6 - 24 Aug - D/M S White flowers; leaves millefolium in. Oct fern-like; re-seeds aggressively; fragrantYellow Bell Fritillaria 3-12 in. Apr- D S/PS Nodding yellow flowers. pudica June Purchase cormsFERNSCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesBrittle Bladder Crystopteris 4-12 in. D S Rocky sites; foothills to (Fragile) Fern fragilis alpineCliff Fern Woodsia to 10 in D PS Rocky soil; dry cliffs; talus scopulina slopes Crested Dryopteris 12-25 M/W PS/Sh Interior Rain Wet woods; evergreen Shieldfern cristata in. Forest Lady Fern Athyrium filix- 2-5 ft. M PS/Sh Interior Rain Leaves in vase-like femina Forest clusters; spreads well by rhizomesOak Fern Gymnocarpium 3-14 in. M Sh Spreads well by rhizomes; dryopteris well-drained, acidic soilOregon Woodsia to 7.5 D PS Rocky soil; dry cliffs; rocky Woodsia; oregana in slopes; clusters of leaves Western Cliff Fern Parsley Fern, Cryptogramma 4-12 in. M S Open, well-drained, rocky Rockbreak acrostichoides sites; parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreenSword Fern, Polystichum 2-4 ft. D/M Sh Interior Rain Rich soil; large clumps of Common munitum Forest leathery, deep-green frondsGRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAlkali Poa juncifolia; Common at low to mid bluegrass P. secunda elevations in alkaline ssp. Juncifolia meadows, grasslands and dry open forests– B-11 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAlpine Poa alpine High elevations in bluegrass meadows, disturbed sites and rocky slopesAmerican Beckmannia Cool season annual or sloughgrass syzigachne short-lived perennial grass commonly found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Frequently colonizes denuded wetland soils resulting from mud flat exposure. Seed units provide food for migratory waterfowl.Blue-Bunch Pseudoregneri 2 - 3 ft. D S Perennial bunch grass, Wheatgrass a spicata leaves hairy above; drought tolerantBlue Wildrye Elymus 2-3 ft. June- M/D S Meadow Blue-green blades in glaucus Aug small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forageBulrush, Scirpus acutus 2-10 ft. June- W S Grayish-brown spiklets Hardstem Sept and stems; rhizomes; grows in waterBulrush, Scirpus to 4 ft. Late W S Wetland - roots need to Small-flowered microcarpus summer be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowlBulrush, Schoenoplectus 2-4 ft. Late W S Wetland - roots need to Softstem tabernaemontan summer be in water; triangular i stems; forage for waterfowlCattail, Typha latifolia stems June- W S Riparian Organic soil by lakes and Common to 6 ft Aug streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature; invasive; water purifier Columbia Bromus Similar and common brome vulgaris Common Hierochloe (Name varies in US; sweetgrass odorata grows in all Canadian provinces) low to high elevations in wetlandsCusick's Poa cusickii Widespread at low to high bluegrass elevations in grasslands and alpine meadowsFringed brome Bromus Loosly tufted perennial ciliatus common in mid to sub alpine moist forests and wetlands– B-12 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesHair bentgrass Agrostis Densely tufted perennial (Ticklegrass) scabra common at low to mid elevations in meadows, forest openings and disturbed sitesIdaho Fescue Festuca 1-3 ft. D/M S/PS Meadow Bluish-green, densely idahoensis tufted bunchgrass; cool, well-drained soilNeedle-and- Stipa comata Tufted perennial thread grass bunchgrass, common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and on south- facing slopes in dry forest openings (good forage before sharp seeds form)Nodding Trisetum Moist forests, clearings trisetum cernuum and stream banks from low to sub alpine elevationsNodding Cinna latifolia Increases 'tremendously' wood-reed on moist disturbed sites. Moist forests, low to mid- elevationsNuttall's Puccinellia Wetlands, low to mid alkaligrass nuttaliana elevation, often where alkaline. ForagePinegrass Calamagrostis 2-3 ft. June- D S/PS Yellow-green to purple rubescens Aug seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes Pumpelly Bromus Rhizomatous, sod-forming brome inermis ssp. perennial; scattered at low Pumpellanus to sub alpine elevations on grassy slopes and edge of dry forests. (not Bonner County but in Shoshone County)Rough fescue Festuca Var. major common at low campestris; to mid elevations in dry to Festruca moist forests and scabrella grasslands (county level not avail on USDA)Rough-leaved Oryzopsis Prostrate or spreading ricegrass asperifolia stems, low to mid elevations in dry to moist forest openings and clearings– B-13 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesSandberg Poa secunda; J. Presl widespread at low bluegrass P. sandbergii; to mid elevations on well Poa secunda drained soils; common in low elevation grasslandsSedge, Carex rostrata 6-45 in. W S Large clumps; rhizomes; Beaked wet feetSedge, Water Carex aquatilis 3 ft. W S/PS Forms a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feetSpike trisetum Trisetum Perennial bunchgrass, spicatum open dry sites at low to high elevationsSpikerush, Eleocharis 4-50 in. M/W S Round stems; rhizomes; Creeping palustris alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feetSpreading Stipa Tufted perennial common needlegrass richardsonii at low to mid elevations in grasslands and forest openings often forming solid stands at forest edges Squirreltail Elymus Scattered in dry to moist grass elymoides; sites in open forests and Sitanion grasslands, all elevations hystrix (Kootenai County and others south)Stiff occidentalis; Dry areas, low to mid needlegrass Achnatherum elevations open forests, occidentale ridges, grasslands (distribution on USDA in Idaho unconfirmed)Timber Danthonia Mid to high elevations, oatgrass intermedia grasslands, meadows, wetlands and open forestsTufted Deschampsia 1 1/2 - Spring- D/M S/PS Riparian Showy plumes in late Hairgrass cespitosa 2ft. Summer summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistantWestern Festuca Widespread and common fescue occidentalis at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and clearingsGROUND COVERCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesBlackberry, Rubus ursinus 2-3 in. June D/M S White flowers; ground Dewberry hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles– B-14 – Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesBunchberry Cornus 2-8 in. Spring M PS Moist Forest White flowers; bright red canadensis berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by rhizomesGinger, Wild Asarum 2-4 in. Apr.- M Sh Moist Forest Hidden maroon flowers; caudatum July fragrant; moist, rich, organic soilKinnikinnick Arctostaphylos 6-10 in. D S/PS Paths Urn-shaped pink flowers, uva-ursi red berries; evergreenOregon Grape, Mahonia 6-12 in. Apr/ D/M S Path Yellow flower clusters; Creeping repens June blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreenPussytoes, Antennaria 2-18 in June- M PS Subalpine Pink/white flowers in tight Rosy microphylla Aug heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forestPussytoes, Antennaria 4-24 in. May- D/M PS/Sh White flowers; gray-green Woods racemosa Aug leaves form a mat; rhizomesSelf-Heal, Prunella 4-20 in. May- M PS/Sh Pink to purple flowers in a Heal-All vulgaris Sept. dense head on short stems; spreadsStrawberry, Fragaria 2-6 in. May- D/M Sh-PS White flowers; tasty, Wild virginiana and August edible fruit; spreads easily F. vesca by runnersSweet-scented Galium 1-4 in. PS Low-subalpine Vanilla fragrance. Small bedstraw triflorum flowers.Twinflower Linnaea 4 June- M S/PS Moist Forest Trumpet-like nodding pink borealis inches/ Sept flowers; fragrant; organic soil – B-15 – VINESCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesClematis, Clematis 2-15 ft. May- M Sh Moist Forest Blue to lavender flowers; Western columbiana long July feathery, plumed seed Virgin's Bower pods; plant seed in fallClematis, Clematis up to May- D/M S/PS Dry Rock Cream-colored open White Virgin's ligusticifolia 60 ft. Aug flower clusters; silvery Bower long plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soilHoneysuckle, Lonicera 6-18 ft. May- D/M PS Arbor Orange-yellow flowers; Orange ciliosa July climbs; orange-red berriesPeavine, Lathyrus 12-40 May- M/D S/PS Cream colored flowers; Creamy ochroleucus in July rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous– B-16 – PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST Non-native plants considered beneficial because they are: non-invasive, low water users, locally available and use no or low insecticides or pesticidesCodes: Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade *Keep away from sewer and septic linesTREESCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesArborvitaeAustrian Pine Pinus nigraBristlecone Pine Pinus aristataBurr oak Quercus macrocarpaColorado blue Picea pungens spruceCommon Celtis occidentalis hackberryGingko tree Gingko bilobaGoldenrain Tree Koelreuteria paniculataGreen Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanicaHawthorn Crataegus douglasiiLimber Pine Pinus flexilisNarrowleaf Populus Cottonwood angustifoliaOak Quercus sp.Parrotia Parrotia persicaPlains P. deltoides CottonwoodRed Maple Acer rubrumScotch Pine Pinus sylvestris– B-17 – SHRUBSCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAmerican Viburnum sp. Cranberry BushAmerican Prunus Plum americanaBlue Mist Caryopteris sp.Chokeberry Aronia spCommon Juniperus juniper communisCommon lilac Syringa vulgarisFothergilla Fothergilla sp.Juniper Juniperus sp.Oakleaf sumac Rhus trilobataPine Pine sp.Redstem Ceanothus ceanothos sanguinusShrubby Dasiphora cinquefoil floribundaSilver buffalo Sheperdia berry argenteaStaghorn Rhus typhina sumacVirginia Itea virginica SweetspireWestern Prunus pumila sandcherry– B-18 – PERENNIALSCommon Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesAmerican Vicia vetch americanaBeardtongue Penstemon sp.Black-eyed Rudbeckia Susan fulgidaBlanket Flower Gaillardia grandifloraBlazing Star Liatrus sp.Bluestar Amsonia sp.Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberoseCoastal Fragaria strawberry chiloensisCone Flower EchinaceaHyssop Agastache rupestrisIndian Castilleja paintbrush angustifoliaLarkspur Delphinium sp.Lupine Lupinus sp.Maximilian's Helianthus Sunflower maximilianaOregon Iris Iris tenaxPrairie Ratibida Coneflower columniferaYarrow Achillea sp.Yucca Yucca glauca– B-19 – GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.Common Name Scientific Name Height Bloom Moisture Light Arboretum NotesBaltic Rush Juncus balticusBeaked Sedge Carex utriculataBig-leaf Sedge Carex amplifoliaCommon or Juncus Soft Rush effususGreen needle Nassella grass viridulaHard fescue Festuca trachyphyllaInflated Sedge Carex vesicariaJointed Rush Juncus articulatisNebraska Carex Sedge nebraskensisPrairie june Koeleria grass macranthaSheep fescue Festuca ovinaSmall-winged Carex Sedge micropteraSoftstem Scirpus Bulrush validusThickspike Elmus wheatgrass lanceolatusThree-square Scirpus Bulrush pungensWestern Pascopyrum wheatgrass smithiiWoolgrass Scirpus cyperinusWooly Sedge Carex lanuginosa– B-20 –

APPENDIX B of TITLE 12

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