Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

True / False Questions

1. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an axis of rotation that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. True False

2. Kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement. True False

3. The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the other side as a reference point. True False

4. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand the planes of motion. True False

5. Diarthrodial joints, also known as synovial joints, are freely movable. True False

6. Dorsiflexion is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. True False

7. The transverse plane divides the body vertically into superior and inferior halves. True False

1-1 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

8. The anatomical position is the most widely used and most accurate for all aspects of the body. True False

9. There are more than 900 muscles and 206 bones in the human body. True False

10. Structural kinesiology is the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement. True False

Multiple Choice Questions

11. Muscles work in groups and in A. direct correlation to nerves. B. paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement. C. muscle units to affect movement. D. shared directives to achieve contractions.

12. The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is the A. fundamental position. B. anterior to posterior position. C. medial to lateral position. D. anatomical position.

13. Movement occurring in the _____ plane rotates around the sagittal, or anteroposterior, axis. A. posterior B. lateral C. frontal D. superior

14. Fibrous joints are joined together by ______and are generally immovable. A. connective tissue fibers B. collagen tendons C. cartilage D. myofibrils

15. When measurements are required in a clinical setting, this may be used to measure the specific amount of possible movement in a joint. A. ROM meter B. Tape measure C. Soft tissue caliper D. Goniometer

16. Ulnar flexion is a(n) ______movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little- finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. A. abduction B. flexion C. adduction D. transverse

17. A _____ is a type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. A. synchondrosis B. symphysis C. synovial D. diarthrodial

18. There are ___ types of synovial joints. A. eight B. four C. three D. six

19. The area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move is the A. active area. B. range of motion. C. goniometer axis. D. degrees.

20. Circumduction is a circular movement of a limb that delineates a(n) ______. A. arc or a cone B. rectangle or square C. circle and a triangle D. ray and vertex

21. The scapulae moving away from the spine is known as A. adduction. B. retraction. C. protraction. D. upward rotation.

22. Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ______. A. midline of the body B. spine C. ulna and radius D. opposite humerus

23. Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones, and joints if A. it helps injuries heal. B. a physician recommends it. C. the patient requests it. D. it is within their scope of practice.

24. Structural kinesiology is the ______as they are involved in the science of movement. A. study of muscles, bones, and joints B. analysis of muscle contractions C. study of bones and joints D. study of vector forces

25. Muscles work in groups and A. in subgroups. B. against gravity. C. in paired opposition. D. in cooperation with movement.

26. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an ______that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. A. axis transverse B. oblique axis C. angle of rotation D. axis of rotation

27. Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane? A. Agittal B. Transverse C. Frontal D. Oblique

28. The frontal axis may also be referred to as the A. sagittal axis. B. anteriorposterior axis. C. bilateral axis. D. None of these

29. The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the A. appendicular and axial. B. coronal and dorsal. C. superior and posterior. D. upper and lower extremity.

30. Bony landmarks are also known as A. bone process. B. osteo protrusions. C. surface features. D. osteophytes.

31. Movement, position, or landmark locations on the opposite side are described as A. contralateral. B. ipsilateral. C. contralateral. D. superiorlateral.

32. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand A. vector forces. B. Newton's Laws. C. force of gravity. D. planes of motion.

33. There are three specific planes of motion into which the various joint movements can be classified, and these planes are also known as A. triangle planes. B. cardinal planes. C. sagittal planes. D. acromion.

34. The diagonal plane is also known as A. cross plane. B. oblique plane. C. transverse plane. D. horizontal plane.

35. An example of a condyloid joint is the A. glenohumeral joint. B. hip joint. C. wrist joint. D. ankle joint.

36. The only example of a sellar joint in humans is in the A. atlas. B. hip. C. shoulder. D. thumb.

37. ______is a lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Circumduction B. Abduction C. Adduction D. Internal rotation

38. This joint type is characterized by two flat, or plane, bony surfaces that butt against each other. A. Diarthrodial B. Condyloid C. Enarthrodial D. Arthrodial

39. Depression is an inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is A. squeezing the shoulder blades together. B. returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug. C. hiking the shoulder. D. flexion of the humerus.

40. The articulation of two or more bones A. allows various types of movement. B. makes joints secure. C. contains cartilage. D. is where arthritis occurs.

41. _____ is movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Horizontal extension B. Rotation C. Adduction D. Abduction

42. Amphiarthrodial joints are considered A. immovable joints. B. free moving joints. C. fibrous joints. D. slightly movable cartilaginous joints.

43. Another name for joint is A. arthrosis. B. symphosis. C. articulation. D. hinge.

44. A good example of shoulder elevation is A. push ups. B. bicep curls. C. shoulder shrugs. D. dips.

45. The ______joint is a type of joint that permits movement in all planes. A. arthrodial B. condyloid C. enarthrodial D. ginglymus

46. ______consists of turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane. A. Inversion B. Eversion C. Adduction D. Medial rotation

47. _____ is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. A. External rotation B. Transverse rotation C. Internal rotation D. Abduction

48. Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane is known as A. eversion. B. inversion. C. abduction. D. talar rotation.

49. A sleeve-like covering of ligamentous tissuethat surrounds the bony ends forming the joints is known as a A. joint sleeve. B. fascia band. C. glenoid labrum. D. joint capsule.

50. The ______is a type of joint that permits a wide range of movement in only one plane. A. sellar B. ginglymus C. enarthrodial D. trochoid

Fill in the Blank Questions

51. ______is a straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane. ______

52. ______is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. ______

53. ______is a bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. ______

54. ______is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. ______

55. ______is a movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. ______

56. Synarthrodial articulations are fibrous, ______joints. ______

57. ______is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in). Ans. Supination ______

58. Plantar flexion is an extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the ______. ______

59. ______is a backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane, toward the spine. ______

60. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward. ______

61. ______is a movement in the transverse plane; the spine can rotate 90 degrees. ______

62. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. ______

63. ______is a type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones. ______

64. A(n) ______is a type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allows minimal movement between the bones. ______

65. The ______is a type of joint with a rotational movement around a long axis. ______

66. Range of motion can also be measured using a goniometer or ______. ______

67. The hip is a(n) _____ joint. ______

68. Synovial fluid contains the nutrient-rich elements albumin and hyaluronic acid, which ______the joint and help flush away toxins. ______

69. ______cartilage absorbs shock to protect the bone it covers. ______

70. ______is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. ______

71. Ulnar rotation occurs in the ______plane. ______

72. The skeleton has ______major functions. ______

73. A suture is a good example of a(n) ______joint. ______

74. Ligaments provide ______for the joints. ______

75. When a joint moves freely, this can be called good ______. ______

1-13 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key

True / False Questions

1. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an axis of rotation that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. TRUE

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

2. Kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement. TRUE

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1

3. The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the other side as a reference point. FALSE

The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the same side as a reference point.

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2

4. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand the planes of motion. TRUE

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4

5. Diarthrodial joints, also known as synovial joints, are freely movable. TRUE

6. Dorsiflexion is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. TRUE

7. The transverse plane divides the body vertically into superior and inferior halves. FALSE

The transverse plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior halves.

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

8. The anatomical position is the most widely used and most accurate for all aspects of the body. TRUE

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

9. There are more than 900 muscles and 206 bones in the human body. FALSE

There are more than 600 muscles and 206 bones.

10. Structural kinesiology is the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement. TRUE

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1

Multiple Choice Questions

11. Muscles work in groups and in A. direct correlation to nerves. B. paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement. C. muscle units to affect movement. D. shared directives to achieve contractions.

In order for muscles to move joints, they must work together as agonist/antagonist.

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

12. The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is the A. fundamental position. B. anterior to posterior position. C. medial to lateral position. D. anatomical position.

Since most humans walk and move with the palms facing the body, using the fundamental position offers a real-life approach to analyzing movements.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

13. Movement occurring in the _____ plane rotates around the sagittal, or anteroposterior, axis. A. posterior B. lateral C. frontal D. superior

This sagittal axis has the same directional orientation as that of the sagittal plane of motion and runs from front to back at a right angle to the frontal plane of motion.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

14. Fibrous joints are joined together by ______and are generally immovable. A. connective tissue fibers B. collagen tendons C. cartilage D. myofibrils

Subcategories are sutures and gomphoses, which are immovable, and syndesmoses, which allow a slight amount of movement.

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

15. When measurements are required in a clinical setting, this may be used to measure the specific amount of possible movement in a joint. A. ROM meter B. Tape measure C. Soft tissue caliper D. Goniometer

Range of motion can also be measured visually. The clinician measures joint movement in degrees by approximating degree increments.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5

16. Ulnar flexion is a(n) ______movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little- finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. A. abduction B. flexion C. adduction D. transverse

It helps to visualize this motion in the anatomical position.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

17. A _____ is a type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. A. synchondrosis B. symphysis C. synovial D. diarthrodial

An example is the symphysis pubis, where the right and left pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous interpubic disc.

Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

18. There are ___ types of synovial joints. A. eight B. four C. three D. six

Also known as diarthrodial joints.

19. The area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move is the A. active area. B. range of motion. C. goniometer axis. D. degrees.

Good range of motion is important in joints.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-5

20. Circumduction is a circular movement of a limb that delineates a(n) ______. A. arc or a cone B. rectangle or square C. circle and a triangle D. ray and vertex

Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5

21. The scapulae moving away from the spine is known as A. adduction. B. retraction. C. protraction. D. upward rotation.

This movement is also known as abduction.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

22. Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ______. A. midline of the body B. spine C. ulna and radius D. opposite humerus

Horizontal abduction is also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction.

23. Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones, and joints if A. it helps injuries heal. B. a physician recommends it. C. the patient requests it. D. it is within their scope of practice.

Clinicians must have an adequate knowledge and understanding of all muscle groups and their functions.

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1

24. Structural kinesiology is the ______as they are involved in the science of movement. A. study of muscles, bones, and joints B. analysis of muscle contractions C. study of bones and joints D. study of vector forces

The study of structural kinesiology involves understanding functional anatomy as it is involved with moving structures.

25. Muscles work in groups and A. in subgroups. B. against gravity. C. in paired opposition. D. in cooperation with movement.

Muscles work together to cause movement.

26. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an ______that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. A. axis transverse B. oblique axis C. angle of rotation D. axis of rotation

The axes are named in relation to their orientations to planes of motion.

27. Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane? A. Agittal B. Transverse C. Frontal D. Oblique

As the elbow flexes and extends in the sagittal plane when performing a biceps curl, the forearm actually rotates around a frontal axis that runs laterally through the elbow joint.

28. The frontal axis may also be referred to as the A. sagittal axis. B. anteriorposterior axis. C. bilateral axis. D. None of these

This axis is also called the coronal axis.

29. The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the A. appendicular and axial. B. coronal and dorsal. C. superior and posterior. D. upper and lower extremity.

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the appendages, or the upper and lower extremities, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles; the axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

30. Bony landmarks are also known as A. bone process. B. osteo protrusions. C. surface features. D. osteophytes.

Bony landmarks are important to know in the study of kinesiology, because muscles often attach to them.

31. Movement, position, or landmark locations on the opposite side are described as A. contralateral. B. ipsilateral. C. contralateral. D. superiorlateral.

As the elbow flexes, the triceps actively lengthens on the contralateral humerus.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4

32. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand A. vector forces. B. Newton's Laws. C. force of gravity. D. planes of motion.

Human movement takes place in planes of the body.

33. There are three specific planes of motion into which the various joint movements can be classified, and these planes are also known as A. triangle planes. B. cardinal planes. C. sagittal planes. D. acromion.

The three planes are the sagittal, frontal, andtransverse planes, and each divides a segment of the body into halves.

34. The diagonal plane is also known as A. cross plane. B. oblique plane. C. transverse plane. D. horizontal plane.

In reality, most movements in sports activities fall somewhere less than parallel or perpendicular to the previously described planes and occur in a diagonal plane.

35. An example of a condyloid joint is the A. glenohumeral joint. B. hip joint. C. wrist joint. D. ankle joint.

The condyloid joint is a type of joint in which the bones permit movement in two planes without rotation. Examples are the wrist between the radius and the proximal row of the carpal bones or the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpophalangeal joints.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

36. The only example of a sellar joint in humans is in the A. atlas. B. hip. C. shoulder. D. thumb.

The sellar, or saddle joint, permits ball-and-socket movement, with the exception of slight rotation in the thumb.

37. ______is a lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Circumduction B. Abduction C. Adduction D. Internal rotation

Moving the femur away from the midline is an example of abduction.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5

38. This joint type is characterized by two flat, or plane, bony surfaces that butt against each other. A. Diarthrodial B. Condyloid C. Enarthrodial D. Arthrodial

This type of joint permits limited gliding movement. Examples are the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsometatarsal joints of the foot.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

39. Depression is an inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is A. squeezing the shoulder blades together. B. returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug. C. hiking the shoulder. D. flexion of the humerus.

The lower trapezius performs depression of the scapulae.

40. The articulation of two or more bones A. allows various types of movement. B. makes joints secure. C. contains cartilage. D. is where arthritis occurs.

The extent and type of movement determine the name applied to the joint.

41. _____ is movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Horizontal extension B. Rotation C. Adduction D. Abduction

Examples are lowering the arm to the side and lowering the thigh back to the anatomical position.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3

42. Amphiarthrodial joints are considered A. immovable joints. B. free moving joints. C. fibrous joints. D. slightly movable cartilaginous joints.

An example is the symphysis pubis, where the right and left pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous interpubic disc.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

43. Another name for joint is A. arthrosis. B. symphosis. C. articulation. D. hinge.

Some joints, or arthroses, have no movement, others are only very slightly movable, and others are freely movable with a variety of movement ranges.

44. A good example of shoulder elevation is A. push ups. B. bicep curls. C. shoulder shrugs. D. dips.

Shoulder shrugs with weight help build strength in the upper trapezius.

45. The ______joint is a type of joint that permits movement in all planes. A. arthrodial B. condyloid C. enarthrodial D. ginglymus

Examples are the shoulder (glenohumeral) and hip joints.

46. ______consists of turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane. A. Inversion B. Eversion C. Adduction D. Medial rotation

This is also known as abduction of the foot.

47. _____ is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. A. External rotation B. Transverse rotation C. Internal rotation D. Abduction

It occurs in the transverse plane and is also known as rotation medially, inward rotation, and medial rotation.

48. Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane is known as A. eversion. B. inversion. C. abduction. D. talar rotation.

It is also known as adduction of the foot.

49. A sleeve-like covering of ligamentous tissuethat surrounds the bony ends forming the joints is known as a A. joint sleeve. B. fascia band. C. glenoid labrum. D. joint capsule.

This ligamentous capsule is lined with a thin vascular synovial capsule that secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the area inside the joint capsule.

50. The ______is a type of joint that permits a wide range of movement in only one plane. A. sellar B. ginglymus C. enarthrodial D. trochoid

Examples are the elbow, ankle, and knee joints.

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

Fill in the Blank Questions

51. ______is a straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane. Extension

52. ______is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Horizontal adduction

53. ______is a bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. Flexion

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5

54. ______is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. External rotation

55. ______is a movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Lateral flexion

56. Synarthrodial articulations are fibrous, ______joints. immovable

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4

57. ______is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in). Ans. Supination

58. Plantar flexion is an extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the ______. sagittal plane

59. ______is a backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane, toward the spine. Retraction

60. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward. Rotation upward

61. ______is a movement in the transverse plane; the spine can rotate 90 degrees. Rotation

62. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Rotation downward

63. ______is a type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones. Synchondrosis

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4

64. A(n) ______is a type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allows minimal movement between the bones. syndesmosis

65. The ______is a type of joint with a rotational movement around a long axis. trochoid joint

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5

66. Range of motion can also be measured using a goniometer or ______. visually

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1

67. The hip is a(n) _____ joint. ball-and-socket

68. Synovial fluid contains the nutrient-rich elements albumin and hyaluronic acid, which ______the joint and help flush away toxins. lubricate

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

69. ______cartilage absorbs shock to protect the bone it covers. Hyaline

70. ______is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. Dorsiflexion

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

71. Ulnar rotation occurs in the ______plane. transverse

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5

72. The skeleton has ______major functions. 5

Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4

73. A suture is a good example of a(n) ______joint. synarthrodial

74. Ligaments provide ______for the joints. support

75. When a joint moves freely, this can be called good ______. range of motion