<p> Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>True / False Questions</p><p>1. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an axis of rotation that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. True False</p><p>2. Kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement. True False</p><p>3. The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the other side as a reference point. True False</p><p>4. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand the planes of motion. True False</p><p>5. Diarthrodial joints, also known as synovial joints, are freely movable. True False</p><p>6. Dorsiflexion is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. True False</p><p>7. The transverse plane divides the body vertically into superior and inferior halves. True False</p><p>1-1 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>8. The anatomical position is the most widely used and most accurate for all aspects of the body. True False</p><p>9. There are more than 900 muscles and 206 bones in the human body. True False</p><p>10. Structural kinesiology is the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement. True False</p><p>Multiple Choice Questions</p><p>11. Muscles work in groups and in A. direct correlation to nerves. B. paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement. C. muscle units to affect movement. D. shared directives to achieve contractions.</p><p>12. The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is the A. fundamental position. B. anterior to posterior position. C. medial to lateral position. D. anatomical position.</p><p>1-2 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>13. Movement occurring in the _____ plane rotates around the sagittal, or anteroposterior, axis. A. posterior B. lateral C. frontal D. superior</p><p>14. Fibrous joints are joined together by ______and are generally immovable. A. connective tissue fibers B. collagen tendons C. cartilage D. myofibrils</p><p>15. When measurements are required in a clinical setting, this may be used to measure the specific amount of possible movement in a joint. A. ROM meter B. Tape measure C. Soft tissue caliper D. Goniometer</p><p>16. Ulnar flexion is a(n) ______movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little- finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. A. abduction B. flexion C. adduction D. transverse</p><p>17. A _____ is a type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. A. synchondrosis B. symphysis C. synovial D. diarthrodial</p><p>1-3 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>18. There are ___ types of synovial joints. A. eight B. four C. three D. six</p><p>19. The area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move is the A. active area. B. range of motion. C. goniometer axis. D. degrees.</p><p>20. Circumduction is a circular movement of a limb that delineates a(n) ______. A. arc or a cone B. rectangle or square C. circle and a triangle D. ray and vertex</p><p>21. The scapulae moving away from the spine is known as A. adduction. B. retraction. C. protraction. D. upward rotation.</p><p>22. Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ______. A. midline of the body B. spine C. ulna and radius D. opposite humerus</p><p>1-4 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>23. Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones, and joints if A. it helps injuries heal. B. a physician recommends it. C. the patient requests it. D. it is within their scope of practice.</p><p>24. Structural kinesiology is the ______as they are involved in the science of movement. A. study of muscles, bones, and joints B. analysis of muscle contractions C. study of bones and joints D. study of vector forces</p><p>25. Muscles work in groups and A. in subgroups. B. against gravity. C. in paired opposition. D. in cooperation with movement.</p><p>26. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an ______that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. A. axis transverse B. oblique axis C. angle of rotation D. axis of rotation</p><p>27. Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane? A. Agittal B. Transverse C. Frontal D. Oblique</p><p>1-5 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>28. The frontal axis may also be referred to as the A. sagittal axis. B. anteriorposterior axis. C. bilateral axis. D. None of these</p><p>29. The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the A. appendicular and axial. B. coronal and dorsal. C. superior and posterior. D. upper and lower extremity.</p><p>30. Bony landmarks are also known as A. bone process. B. osteo protrusions. C. surface features. D. osteophytes.</p><p>31. Movement, position, or landmark locations on the opposite side are described as A. contralateral. B. ipsilateral. C. contralateral. D. superiorlateral.</p><p>32. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand A. vector forces. B. Newton's Laws. C. force of gravity. D. planes of motion.</p><p>1-6 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>33. There are three specific planes of motion into which the various joint movements can be classified, and these planes are also known as A. triangle planes. B. cardinal planes. C. sagittal planes. D. acromion.</p><p>34. The diagonal plane is also known as A. cross plane. B. oblique plane. C. transverse plane. D. horizontal plane.</p><p>35. An example of a condyloid joint is the A. glenohumeral joint. B. hip joint. C. wrist joint. D. ankle joint.</p><p>36. The only example of a sellar joint in humans is in the A. atlas. B. hip. C. shoulder. D. thumb.</p><p>37. ______is a lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Circumduction B. Abduction C. Adduction D. Internal rotation</p><p>1-7 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>38. This joint type is characterized by two flat, or plane, bony surfaces that butt against each other. A. Diarthrodial B. Condyloid C. Enarthrodial D. Arthrodial</p><p>39. Depression is an inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is A. squeezing the shoulder blades together. B. returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug. C. hiking the shoulder. D. flexion of the humerus.</p><p>40. The articulation of two or more bones A. allows various types of movement. B. makes joints secure. C. contains cartilage. D. is where arthritis occurs.</p><p>41. _____ is movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Horizontal extension B. Rotation C. Adduction D. Abduction</p><p>42. Amphiarthrodial joints are considered A. immovable joints. B. free moving joints. C. fibrous joints. D. slightly movable cartilaginous joints.</p><p>1-8 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>43. Another name for joint is A. arthrosis. B. symphosis. C. articulation. D. hinge.</p><p>44. A good example of shoulder elevation is A. push ups. B. bicep curls. C. shoulder shrugs. D. dips.</p><p>45. The ______joint is a type of joint that permits movement in all planes. A. arthrodial B. condyloid C. enarthrodial D. ginglymus</p><p>46. ______consists of turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane. A. Inversion B. Eversion C. Adduction D. Medial rotation</p><p>47. _____ is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. A. External rotation B. Transverse rotation C. Internal rotation D. Abduction</p><p>1-9 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>48. Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane is known as A. eversion. B. inversion. C. abduction. D. talar rotation.</p><p>49. A sleeve-like covering of ligamentous tissuethat surrounds the bony ends forming the joints is known as a A. joint sleeve. B. fascia band. C. glenoid labrum. D. joint capsule.</p><p>50. The ______is a type of joint that permits a wide range of movement in only one plane. A. sellar B. ginglymus C. enarthrodial D. trochoid</p><p>Fill in the Blank Questions</p><p>51. ______is a straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane. ______</p><p>52. ______is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. ______</p><p>1-10 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>53. ______is a bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. ______</p><p>54. ______is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. ______</p><p>55. ______is a movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. ______</p><p>56. Synarthrodial articulations are fibrous, ______joints. ______</p><p>57. ______is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in). Ans. Supination ______</p><p>58. Plantar flexion is an extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the ______. ______</p><p>59. ______is a backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane, toward the spine. ______</p><p>1-11 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>60. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward. ______</p><p>61. ______is a movement in the transverse plane; the spine can rotate 90 degrees. ______</p><p>62. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. ______</p><p>63. ______is a type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones. ______</p><p>64. A(n) ______is a type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allows minimal movement between the bones. ______</p><p>65. The ______is a type of joint with a rotational movement around a long axis. ______</p><p>66. Range of motion can also be measured using a goniometer or ______. ______</p><p>67. The hip is a(n) _____ joint. ______</p><p>1-12 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology</p><p>68. Synovial fluid contains the nutrient-rich elements albumin and hyaluronic acid, which ______the joint and help flush away toxins. ______</p><p>69. ______cartilage absorbs shock to protect the bone it covers. ______</p><p>70. ______is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. ______</p><p>71. Ulnar rotation occurs in the ______plane. ______</p><p>72. The skeleton has ______major functions. ______</p><p>73. A suture is a good example of a(n) ______joint. ______</p><p>74. Ligaments provide ______for the joints. ______</p><p>75. When a joint moves freely, this can be called good ______. ______</p><p>1-13 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>True / False Questions</p><p>1. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an axis of rotation that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>2. Kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1</p><p>3. The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the other side as a reference point. FALSE</p><p>The term ipsilateral describes a movement, position, or landmark location that is on the same side as a reference point.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2</p><p>1-14 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>4. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand the planes of motion. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>5. Diarthrodial joints, also known as synovial joints, are freely movable. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>6. Dorsiflexion is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>7. The transverse plane divides the body vertically into superior and inferior halves. FALSE</p><p>The transverse plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior halves.</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>1-15 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>8. The anatomical position is the most widely used and most accurate for all aspects of the body. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>9. There are more than 900 muscles and 206 bones in the human body. FALSE</p><p>There are more than 600 muscles and 206 bones.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>10. Structural kinesiology is the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement. TRUE</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1</p><p>1-16 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>Multiple Choice Questions</p><p>11. Muscles work in groups and in A. direct correlation to nerves. B. paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement. C. muscle units to affect movement. D. shared directives to achieve contractions.</p><p>In order for muscles to move joints, they must work together as agonist/antagonist.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>12. The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is the A. fundamental position. B. anterior to posterior position. C. medial to lateral position. D. anatomical position.</p><p>Since most humans walk and move with the palms facing the body, using the fundamental position offers a real-life approach to analyzing movements.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>1-17 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>13. Movement occurring in the _____ plane rotates around the sagittal, or anteroposterior, axis. A. posterior B. lateral C. frontal D. superior</p><p>This sagittal axis has the same directional orientation as that of the sagittal plane of motion and runs from front to back at a right angle to the frontal plane of motion.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>14. Fibrous joints are joined together by ______and are generally immovable. A. connective tissue fibers B. collagen tendons C. cartilage D. myofibrils</p><p>Subcategories are sutures and gomphoses, which are immovable, and syndesmoses, which allow a slight amount of movement.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-18 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>15. When measurements are required in a clinical setting, this may be used to measure the specific amount of possible movement in a joint. A. ROM meter B. Tape measure C. Soft tissue caliper D. Goniometer</p><p>Range of motion can also be measured visually. The clinician measures joint movement in degrees by approximating degree increments.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>16. Ulnar flexion is a(n) ______movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little- finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. A. abduction B. flexion C. adduction D. transverse</p><p>It helps to visualize this motion in the anatomical position.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-19 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>17. A _____ is a type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones. A. synchondrosis B. symphysis C. synovial D. diarthrodial</p><p>An example is the symphysis pubis, where the right and left pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous interpubic disc.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>18. There are ___ types of synovial joints. A. eight B. four C. three D. six</p><p>Also known as diarthrodial joints.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-20 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>19. The area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move is the A. active area. B. range of motion. C. goniometer axis. D. degrees.</p><p>Good range of motion is important in joints.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>20. Circumduction is a circular movement of a limb that delineates a(n) ______. A. arc or a cone B. rectangle or square C. circle and a triangle D. ray and vertex</p><p>Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-21 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>21. The scapulae moving away from the spine is known as A. adduction. B. retraction. C. protraction. D. upward rotation.</p><p>This movement is also known as abduction.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>22. Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ______. A. midline of the body B. spine C. ulna and radius D. opposite humerus</p><p>Horizontal abduction is also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-22 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>23. Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones, and joints if A. it helps injuries heal. B. a physician recommends it. C. the patient requests it. D. it is within their scope of practice.</p><p>Clinicians must have an adequate knowledge and understanding of all muscle groups and their functions.</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1</p><p>24. Structural kinesiology is the ______as they are involved in the science of movement. A. study of muscles, bones, and joints B. analysis of muscle contractions C. study of bones and joints D. study of vector forces</p><p>The study of structural kinesiology involves understanding functional anatomy as it is involved with moving structures.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2</p><p>1-23 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>25. Muscles work in groups and A. in subgroups. B. against gravity. C. in paired opposition. D. in cooperation with movement.</p><p>Muscles work together to cause movement.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>26. As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an ______that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane. A. axis transverse B. oblique axis C. angle of rotation D. axis of rotation</p><p>The axes are named in relation to their orientations to planes of motion.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>1-24 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>27. Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane? A. Agittal B. Transverse C. Frontal D. Oblique</p><p>As the elbow flexes and extends in the sagittal plane when performing a biceps curl, the forearm actually rotates around a frontal axis that runs laterally through the elbow joint.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>28. The frontal axis may also be referred to as the A. sagittal axis. B. anteriorposterior axis. C. bilateral axis. D. None of these</p><p>This axis is also called the coronal axis.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-25 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>29. The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the A. appendicular and axial. B. coronal and dorsal. C. superior and posterior. D. upper and lower extremity.</p><p>The appendicular skeleton is composed of the appendages, or the upper and lower extremities, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles; the axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>30. Bony landmarks are also known as A. bone process. B. osteo protrusions. C. surface features. D. osteophytes.</p><p>Bony landmarks are important to know in the study of kinesiology, because muscles often attach to them.</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-26 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>31. Movement, position, or landmark locations on the opposite side are described as A. contralateral. B. ipsilateral. C. contralateral. D. superiorlateral.</p><p>As the elbow flexes, the triceps actively lengthens on the contralateral humerus.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>32. For the clinician to analyze human movement, it is necessary to understand A. vector forces. B. Newton's Laws. C. force of gravity. D. planes of motion.</p><p>Human movement takes place in planes of the body.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-27 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>33. There are three specific planes of motion into which the various joint movements can be classified, and these planes are also known as A. triangle planes. B. cardinal planes. C. sagittal planes. D. acromion.</p><p>The three planes are the sagittal, frontal, andtransverse planes, and each divides a segment of the body into halves.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>34. The diagonal plane is also known as A. cross plane. B. oblique plane. C. transverse plane. D. horizontal plane.</p><p>In reality, most movements in sports activities fall somewhere less than parallel or perpendicular to the previously described planes and occur in a diagonal plane.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-28 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>35. An example of a condyloid joint is the A. glenohumeral joint. B. hip joint. C. wrist joint. D. ankle joint.</p><p>The condyloid joint is a type of joint in which the bones permit movement in two planes without rotation. Examples are the wrist between the radius and the proximal row of the carpal bones or the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpophalangeal joints.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>36. The only example of a sellar joint in humans is in the A. atlas. B. hip. C. shoulder. D. thumb.</p><p>The sellar, or saddle joint, permits ball-and-socket movement, with the exception of slight rotation in the thumb.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-29 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>37. ______is a lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Circumduction B. Abduction C. Adduction D. Internal rotation</p><p>Moving the femur away from the midline is an example of abduction.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>38. This joint type is characterized by two flat, or plane, bony surfaces that butt against each other. A. Diarthrodial B. Condyloid C. Enarthrodial D. Arthrodial</p><p>This type of joint permits limited gliding movement. Examples are the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsometatarsal joints of the foot.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-30 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>39. Depression is an inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is A. squeezing the shoulder blades together. B. returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug. C. hiking the shoulder. D. flexion of the humerus.</p><p>The lower trapezius performs depression of the scapulae.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>40. The articulation of two or more bones A. allows various types of movement. B. makes joints secure. C. contains cartilage. D. is where arthritis occurs.</p><p>The extent and type of movement determine the name applied to the joint.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-31 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>41. _____ is movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. A. Horizontal extension B. Rotation C. Adduction D. Abduction</p><p>Examples are lowering the arm to the side and lowering the thigh back to the anatomical position.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-3</p><p>42. Amphiarthrodial joints are considered A. immovable joints. B. free moving joints. C. fibrous joints. D. slightly movable cartilaginous joints.</p><p>An example is the symphysis pubis, where the right and left pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous interpubic disc.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-2 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-32 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>43. Another name for joint is A. arthrosis. B. symphosis. C. articulation. D. hinge.</p><p>Some joints, or arthroses, have no movement, others are only very slightly movable, and others are freely movable with a variety of movement ranges.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>44. A good example of shoulder elevation is A. push ups. B. bicep curls. C. shoulder shrugs. D. dips.</p><p>Shoulder shrugs with weight help build strength in the upper trapezius.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-33 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>45. The ______joint is a type of joint that permits movement in all planes. A. arthrodial B. condyloid C. enarthrodial D. ginglymus</p><p>Examples are the shoulder (glenohumeral) and hip joints.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>46. ______consists of turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane. A. Inversion B. Eversion C. Adduction D. Medial rotation</p><p>This is also known as abduction of the foot.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-34 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>47. _____ is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. A. External rotation B. Transverse rotation C. Internal rotation D. Abduction</p><p>It occurs in the transverse plane and is also known as rotation medially, inward rotation, and medial rotation.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>48. Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane is known as A. eversion. B. inversion. C. abduction. D. talar rotation.</p><p>It is also known as adduction of the foot.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-3 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-35 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>49. A sleeve-like covering of ligamentous tissuethat surrounds the bony ends forming the joints is known as a A. joint sleeve. B. fascia band. C. glenoid labrum. D. joint capsule.</p><p>This ligamentous capsule is lined with a thin vascular synovial capsule that secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the area inside the joint capsule.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>50. The ______is a type of joint that permits a wide range of movement in only one plane. A. sellar B. ginglymus C. enarthrodial D. trochoid</p><p>Examples are the elbow, ankle, and knee joints.</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-36 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>Fill in the Blank Questions</p><p>51. ______is a straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane. Extension</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>52. ______is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Horizontal adduction</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>53. ______is a bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. Flexion</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>54. ______is a rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. External rotation</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-37 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>55. ______is a movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Lateral flexion</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>56. Synarthrodial articulations are fibrous, ______joints. immovable</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>57. ______is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in). Ans. Supination </p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>58. Plantar flexion is an extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the ______. sagittal plane</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-38 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>59. ______is a backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane, toward the spine. Retraction</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>60. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward. Rotation upward</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>61. ______is a movement in the transverse plane; the spine can rotate 90 degrees. Rotation</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>62. ______is a rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Rotation downward</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-39 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>63. ______is a type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones. Synchondrosis</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>64. A(n) ______is a type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allows minimal movement between the bones. syndesmosis</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>65. The ______is a type of joint with a rotational movement around a long axis. trochoid joint</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>66. Range of motion can also be measured using a goniometer or ______. visually</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1</p><p>1-40 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>67. The hip is a(n) _____ joint. ball-and-socket</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>68. Synovial fluid contains the nutrient-rich elements albumin and hyaluronic acid, which ______the joint and help flush away toxins. lubricate</p><p>Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>69. ______cartilage absorbs shock to protect the bone it covers. Hyaline</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>70. ______is a flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in the sagittal plane. Dorsiflexion</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-41 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>71. Ulnar rotation occurs in the ______plane. transverse</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4 Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>72. The skeleton has ______major functions. 5</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>73. A suture is a good example of a(n) ______joint. synarthrodial</p><p>Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1-1 Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>74. Ligaments provide ______for the joints. support</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-4</p><p>1-42 Chapter 001 Foundations of Structural Kinesiology Key</p><p>75. When a joint moves freely, this can be called good ______. range of motion</p><p>Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1-5</p><p>1-43</p>