Aviation Spectrum Resource Map for Europe

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MIDDLE EAST OFFICE

SEMINAR ON AERONAUTICAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (Cairo, 7 – 17 June 2006)

Agenda item 10: Available spectrum for the implementation of ICAO systems

Aviation Spectrum Resource Map for Europe (presented by EUROCONTROL)

SUMMARY: This paper presents the progress in the formulation of an aviation spectrum roadmap tool for Europe. It will be further refined through consultation with States and aviation interests.

1 1 INTRODUCTION

Each of the communication, navigation and surveillance domains has a strategic plan detailing the future evolution of its services and the methodology to implement the objectives in line with the ATM Strategy 2000+. In consideration of the WRC 07 agenda items there is a need to extract the spectrum issues from each of the CNS domains and identify where there are overlapping areas of interest and consequently any interdependencies. This paper presents an expansion on the concept of a process that can map the spectrum resource derived from CNS strategies and presents a draft map of the current analysis.

2 APPROACH

The approach detailed previously is summarized as follows:-

Step 1: To produce a dependency diagram for a scenario from each of the CNS domains.

Step 2: To combine the CNS domain dependency drawings into one spectrum dependency diagram such that all links between the domains can be represented. (Ref: Figure 1).

Step 3: To produce a radio spectrum allocation chart taking into account time constraints.

Step 4: To produce the radio spectrum map, based on a timescale, detailing the spectrum resource requirements at a high level, which in turn can be applied as inputs to the Aeronautical Spectrum Model.

STEPs 1 & 2

STEP 3 Identify service / dependencies

CHARTCHART Service/application timelines Service/application timelines + assign resources + assign resources STEP 4 Export Resource allocation usage

Spectrum resource map

Fig. 1 Spectrum resource mapping process

2 The diagrams given in the Annex represent the output of the steps above. The services and applications identified in the spectrum and dependency diagram are grouped with their operational associations and time scales applied. The source of the times has been derived where available from the respective domain strategic scenarios. Where there are identified key decisions as prerequisites these have been nominated a time that is consistent with any required rule making or subsequent dependency needed to achieve the implementation that has been indicated in the relevant strategic plan. A glossary of the terminology used is provided in annex 4.

3 STEPS 1 AND 2 – DEPENDENCY DIAGRAM

3.1 Diagram Overview The diagram provided in Annex 1 shows the identified spectrum related service application dependencies derived from the first two steps noted above. The diagram is intended to be viewed from the current systems listed on the left through the operational function that is supported by the service/s to the future systems identified from the domain strategies and the identified spectrum allocation required. AND / OR1 symbols are used on the connectors defining the relationships supporting the associated text boxes.

MANDATE TEXT BOXES

The purpose of these text boxes is to indicate that there are prerequisite decisions needed before agreements are made on the introduction or cessation of services. Such agreements may also be supported by associated mandates. Note that for each agreement there are prerequisites that include the interests of General Aviation and the Military. Additionally any consideration for withdrawal of services will require the assessment of the operational impact for service providers and airlines as provided by safety cases and cost benefit analyses.

4 STEP 3 – CHART OF AVIATION SERVICE TIMESCALES

CHART OVERVIEW

The plan provided in Annex 2 provides a Gantt chart representation of the timescale relationships for step 3 noted above. The beginning of year 2000 has been taken as the baseline for the chart. Each service has a number of key tasks listed either indicating the current service requirement or the prerequisite elements needed leading to a proposed implementation. The associated radio spectrum band allocation is indicated as a resource label printed at the right of the respective task bar. The approach to the planning utility has been to define the resources as each of the aviation band broken down into further detail of sub bands and a usage allocation for the time period listed as a percentage.

MANDATE/DECISION PREREQUISITES

1 Note: OR in this context is the logical OR (i.e. is not exclusive).

3 Certain prerequisite decisions that are necessary before agreements are made on the introduction or cessation of services have been included. These have been indicated as milestones and linked to the associated elements such that any impact of variation may be indicated. Where there is a mandate required for the introduction of a service then the subsequent rule making period is also indicated on the plan. Where a potential withdrawal of services is projected this has been indicated in a lighter shading task bar along with the continuing service requirement up to the expected final application. It must be noted that the timescales for stated safety, business case and certification requirements are subject to the individual formal process requirements.

5 STEP 4 SPECTRUM RESOURCE USAGE MAP

5.1 Map Overview The map (Annex 3) is derived from the export of the resource allocation information entered in the planning tool used to create the chart in step 3. A three colour key highlights the extent of the usage allocation based on the percentage data computed from the grouping of the associated service applications in each spectrum band. The formatting of the colour thresholds is via user selectable conditions. The objective of this map is to identify those spectrum bands and the time periods where the resource demand exceeds a specified limit.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The spectrum resource mapping tool will be useful in providing a coordinated approach to the aviation requirements from each of the CNS domains. This approach provides an audit trail back to the operational requirement though each of the steps. The time periods and allocation usage are dependent on information from each of the service areas in the domains. The tool must be further developed through consultation with State and aviation interests including the aeronautical Spectrum Frequency Consultation Group.

7 RECOMMENDATIONS

The meeting is invited to note the progress and provide continued support for the spectrum roadmap methodology.

4 ANNEX 1 Spectrum Dependencies

Fig. 1 SPECTRUM DEPENDENCIES Spectrum Current system Operational Function Future System allocation

Non-cooperative ASDE Independent Surveillance ASDE Ku Band Airport Surface Weather Radar C Airborne Band Weather surveillance / Doppler Radar Wind shear Airborne Doppler Radar Weather Radar X Band MLS AND OR Cat 2/3 Precision AND MLS Approach/ ILS AND Landing DME Approach MARKER OR C Band Precision DME Monitoring and Precision Approach Approach Approach Radar 3cm Mandate to withdraw ILS . PAR 3 cm Cat 1 Precision OR Approach/ AND Landing Airborne GBAS AND Radio Altimeter SBAS (EGNOS) GNSS S Band Approach GPS / AND APV Approach GLONASS OR Mandate to withdraw NDB GBAS Galileo Mandate to withdraw VOR .. SBAS (EGNOS) Airborne Enroute Radio Altimeter AND GNSS Navigation / ENROUTE Non Precsion DME AND Enroute Approach AND DME OR NDB OR Enroute

L Band VOR Cooperative SSR/MLAT Independent ACAS/ SSR Surveillance TCAS 1030/1090 MHz Mandate for UAT MLAT OR 1030/1090 MHz AND UAT ACAS/TCAS Mandate for VDL 1030/1090 MHz

ADS-B via Automatic 1090ES Dependent AND VDL Surveillance OR Mandate for ES ADS-B via ILS GP UHF UAT

ADS-B via AND 1090ES VDL

Radar Non-cooperative Radar Independent Surveillance 23 cm Enroute & TMA 23 cm

VHF Radar Non-cooperative Independent Surveillance 10 cm TMA

Radar 10cm Air / Ground VHF Voice AND Communications Mandate for FCI Voice / Data TMA+Airport

Mandate for 8.33 kHz AND AND AND extension

Air / Ground Upper Satellite OR Airspace Enroute-Continental Future HF Communication Mandate for Oceanic comms Infrastructure (FCI)

Air / Ground Communications MANDATES: HF OR AND Voice / Data Enroute- Note that a mandate is dependent on a number of Oceanic prerequisites including General Aviation and Military interests, Safety Cases and Cost Benefit Analyses.

5 ANNEX 2 Aviation Spectrum Service / Application Timescales

ID Task Name 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 1 GALILEO 2 Service available 3 service implementation and operation 1215-1260[50%] 4 service implementation and operation 1559-1626.5[50%] 5 GPS / GLONASS 6 Current requirement 1215-1260[50%] 7 ILS 8 Current requirement - Marker 74.8-75.2 9 Current requirement - ILS LLZ 108-111.975[75%] 10 Current requirement - ILS GP 328.6-335.4 11 Mandate for withdrawal of ILS Cat 1 12 ILS Cat 1 Withdrawal 13 Mandate for withdrawal of ILS Cat 2/3 14 ILS Cat 2/3 Withdrawal 15 MLS 16 MLS Cat 1 operation 5030-5150[30%] 17 MLS Cat 1 alternative GLS 18 MLS Cat 2/3 certification 19 MLS Cat 2/3 operation 5030-5150[30%] 20 GBAS 21 Safety case and certification Cat 1 22 Safety case and certification Cat 2/3 23 GBAS operation 108 - 111.975 MHz 108-111.975[50%] 24 GBAS operation 112 - 117.975 MHz 112-117.975[50%] 25 SBAS (EGNOS) 26 Safety case and certification Cat 1 27 GLS (GPS/GALILEO + GBAS) 28 Safety case and certification Cat 1 29 Decision for GNSS Approach 30 ENPRM - 7yr rule 31 Implementation GPS + EGNOS/ GBAS services 32 Safety case and certification Cat 2/3 33 ENPRM - 7yr rule 34 Implementation GPS/GALILEO + GBAS services 35 PAR 3cm 36 Current requirement - PAR 9000-9500[50%] 37 DME 38 Current requirement - DME 960-1024[150%] 39 DME - Approach 960-1024[120%] 40 GNSS Enroute 41 Business case for RNP RNAV 42 Safety case 43 Mandate/decision for GNSS 44 Implementation of GNSS enroute

6 ID Task Name 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 45 VOR 46 VOR current requirement 108- 111.975 108-111.975[50%] 47 VOR current requirement 112-117.975 112-117.975[75%] 48 ECAC agreement for mandatory RNAV only enroute+TMA 49 ENPRM - 7yr rule 50 Mandate for withdrawal of VOR 51 Withdrawal of VOR 52 NDB 53 Current requirement - NDB 0.13-0.5265 54 Mandate for withdrawal of NDB 55 Withdrawal of NDB 56 ELT 57 Current requirement - ELT 406-406.1 58 Airborne radio Altimeter 59 Current requirement - R Alt 4200-4400 60 Airborne Doppler radar 61 Current requirement - Dop Radar 8750-8850 62 Current requirement - Dop Radar 13250-13400 63 En-route and TMA Surveillance 64 Primary surveillance 65 Radar 23cm 66 Current requirement 23 cm radar 1260-1400 67 Radar 10cm 68 Current requirement 10 cm radar 2700-3300 69 ADS-B 70 Mandate/ decision for UAT 71 Implementation of ADS-B / UAT 72 Mandate / decision for VDL 73 Implementation of ADS-B / VDL 74 Mandate / decision for ES 75 Implementation of ADS-B / ES 76 SSR 77 Current SSR G/A requirement 1030-1031 78 Current SSR A/G requirement 1088-1093 79 MLAT 1090 using datalink 80 Mandate / decision for MLAT 81 Implementation of MLAT services 82 ACAS / TCAS 1030/1090 83 Aerodrome surveillance 84 ASDE / SMR 85 Current requirement - X band ASDE 9000-9500[50%] 86 Current requirement - Ku band ASDE 15400-16600[125%] 87 Current requirement - EHF ASDE 31800-33400 88 A-SMGCS 89 A-SMGCS level I and II using ASDE + MLAT 90 A-SMGCS level II and III using TIS and MLAT 91 Weather radar 92 Current requirement - Wx radar 5350-5470

7 ID Task Name 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 93 VHF voice 94 Exisiting VHF voice service 117.975-134 95 8.33 kHz FL245 HEX 117.975-134 96 8.33 kHz extension FL245-195 VEX 117.975-134 97 Mandate / decision for 8.33 kHz below FL195 98 8.33 kHz below FL195 117.975-134 99 Specification of new voice system 100 VHF Voice in FCI 117.975-134[50%] 101 VHF Data Link (VDL) 102 Exisiting VHF data services (VDL 2) 134-137 103 Specification of new data system 104 VDL in FCI 134-137 105 Satelite COM 106 Exisiting satellite COM services 1525-1559 107 Exisiting satellite COM services 1626.5-1660.5 108 Specification of satllite coms system 109 Satellite in FCI 1525-1559 110 Satellite in FCI 1626.5-1660.5 111 HF COM 112 Exisiting HF voice and data services 2.85-22[150%] 113 Specification of Oceanic coms system 114 Mandate / decision for future Oceanic Comms 115 Oceanic Comms in FCI 2.85-22 116 FCI 117 Scope / specification FCI 118 Mandate / decision for FCI 119 ENPRM - 7yr rule 120 C Band Links 121 ANLE 122 Mandate / decision for ANLE 123 Implementation of ANLE services 5107-5150[50%] 124 Confidential Link 125 Mandate / decision 126 Implementation of CL 5091-5106[50%]

8 ANNEX 3 – Spectrum Resource Map

Aviation Spectrum Resource Map Band (MHz) Service 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 0.13-0.5265 NDB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.85-22 HF COM 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 74.8-75.2 Marker 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.99 108-111.975 ILS/LOC,VOR,GBAS 0.5 0.5 0.62 1 1 1.25 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.49 1.25 1.25 112-117.975 VOR,GBAS 0.75 0.75 0.87 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.09 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 117.975-134 VHF COM 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.42 3 2.39 2 2 1.89 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 134-137 VHF Data 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 328.6-335.4 ILS GP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 406-406.1 ELT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 960-1024 DME 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.31 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.19 1030-1031 SSR/ACAS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1088-1093 SSR/ACAS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1215-1260 GNSS + GPS/GLONASS 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1260-1400 Pri Radar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1525-1559 SAT COM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1559-1626.5 GNSS +GALILEO 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1626.5-1660.5 SAT COM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2700-3300 Radar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4200-4400 R. ALT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5030-5150 MLS 0.3 0.3 0.32 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.35 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 5107-5150 CL 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.49 5091-5106 ANLE 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.49 5350-5470 Radar WX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8750-8850 Dop Radar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9000-9500 ASDE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13250-13400 Dop Radar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15400-16600 ASDE 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 31800-33400 ASDE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Allocation Usage Key 1-100 % betw een 101 and 133 % > 133 %

9 10 Annex 4: Glossary of terms

ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System

ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance

ASDE Airport Surface detection Equipment

APV Approach with Vertical guidance

Cat 1/2/3 Category of precision approach

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

EGNOS European Geostationary Overlay Service

ES Extended Squitter

FCS Future Communications System

GBAS Ground Based Augmentation System

GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS Global Positioning System

ILS Instrument Landing System

MLAT Multilateration

MLS Microwave Landing System

NDB Non- Directional Radio Beacon

PAR Precision Approach Radar

SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System

SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar

TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System

TMA Terminal Management Area

UAT Universal Access Transceiver

VDL VHF Data Link