Nature Religions (Animism, Polytheism & Shinto)

WORLD RELIGIONS (Regents Questions, 2000 – 2013)

NATURE RELIGIONS (ANIMISM, POLYTHEISM & SHINTO)

Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?

1) SHINTO AND ANIMISM

2) Hinduism and Confucianism

3) Judaism and Christianity

4) Islam and Buddhism

Which pair of belief systems shares a belief that spirits reside in natural objects and forms?

1) Hinduism and Confucianism

2) Islam and Judaism

3) SHINTOISM AND ANIMISM 4) Christianity and Buddhism

One similarity between animism and Shinto is that people who follow these belief systems

1) practice filial piety

2) WORSHIP SPIRITS IN NATURE

3) are monotheistic

4) are required to make pilgrimages

One similarity between Japanese Shintoism and African animism is the belief that

1) EVERYTHING IN NATURE HAS A SPIRIT AND SHOULD BE RESPECTED

2) only one god exists in the universe

3) people's moral conduct determines their afterlife 4) religious statues should be erected to honor the gods

Which belief is shared by an African who practices animism and a Japanese who practices Shinto?

1) only one god rules the universe

2) periodic fasting is essential to spiritual purity

3) SPIRITS EXIST IN BOTH LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS

4) all suffering is caused by desire and selfishness

Shintoism and animism share a belief in the importance of

1) reincarnation

2) SPIRITS IN NATURE

3) holy books 4) missionaries

Which action is most closely associated with polytheism?

1) praying in a synagogue

2) accepting the eightfold path

3) WORSHIPPING MANY GODS

4) reading the Koran

A similarity between Shinto in Japan and animism in African societies is that both

1) use the Torah to establish law codes

2) stress the importance of the eightfold path

3) BELIEVE THAT SPIRITS EXIST IN NATURE 4) base social rank on a caste system

What is one way in which animism, Shinto, and Daoism are similar?

1) EMPHASIS ON HARMONY WITH NATURE

2) monotheistic belief systems

3) belief in the idea of nirvana

4) reliance on the teachings of the Vedas

CONFUCIANISM

Which Chinese philosophy best completes this graphic organizer? 1) Maoism

2) Daoism

3) Legalism

4) CONFUCIANISM

 Showing Respect for Parents

 Maintaining Family Honor

 Honoring All Elders

Which term is most closely related to these three actions?

1) nirvana

2) animism

3) FILIAL PIETY 4) hadj (hajj)

Filial Piety and the five relationships are most often associated with

1) Hinduism

2) Daoism

3) Animism

4) CONFUCIANISM

In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that

1) equality should exist between all members of society

2) salvation could be attained by prayer meditation, and good deeds

3) individual goals should be placed ahead of the needs of the needs of the group

4) HARMONY COULD BE ACHIEVED BY THE PROPER BEHAVIOR OF EACH MEMBER OF A FAMILY OR SOCIETY The five relationships taught by Confucius encouraged people to

1) improve their position in life

2) MAINTAIN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ORDER

3) respect and worship nature

4) serve the needs of religious leaders

In China, the development of civi l service examinations and a belief in filial piety reflect the influence of

1) Shinto

2) Jainism

3) CONFUCIANISM

4) Buddhism

Which belief system was the basis for the civil service exams given during the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties? 1) Legalism

2) Daoism

3) Buddhism

4) CONFUCIANISM

Confucianism had a strong impact on the development of China mainly because this philosophy

1) Established a basic structure for military rule

2) PROVIDED A BASIS FOR SOCIAL ORDER

3) Contained the framework for a communist government

4) Stressed the importance of the individual The illustration shows the relationship between individuals in a society according to the ideas of

1) CONFUCIUS

2) Moses

3) Mohammed

4) Siddhartha Gautama

Which Confucian principle is reflected in this statement?

1) THE RULER MUST SET AN EXAMPLE FOR THE PEOPLE

2) Respect for elders is the foundation of civilization

3) Virtue increases with education 4) Compassion and sympathy for others is important

Prince Shotoku's statement indicates the influence of the ideas of

1) CONFUCIUS

2) Muhammad

3) Genghis Khan

4) Emperor Hirohito

Which belief is most closely associated with the philosophy of Confucianism?

1) Nirvana 2) Reincarnation

3) Prayer

4) FILIAL PIETY

Which quotation from the teachings of Confucius is most similar to the Golden Rule from Judeo-Christian teaching?

1) "If a ruler is upright, all will go well without order"

2) "By nature, men are pretty much alike, It is learning and practice that set them apart."

3) "While a father or mother is alive, a son should not travel far"

4) "DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU DO NOT WISH FOR YOURSELF"

Which philosophy is most closely associated with the development of the Chinese civil service system ?

1) Legalism

2) Buddhism

3) Daoism 4) CONFUCIANISM

HINDUISM

Believers of Hinduism are expected to

1) FULFILL THEIR DHARMA FOR A FAVORABLE REINCARNATION

2) Complete a pilgrimage to Mecca

3) Obey the Ten Commandments

4) Follow the Eightfold path to achieve enlightenment.

The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion?

1) Judaism

2) Islam

3) HINDUISM 4) Animism

A person who practices Hinduism would most likely

1) BELIEVE THE VEDAS ARE SACRED

2) Worship in a synagogue

3) Pray facing Mecca

4) Make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

"Just as a man, having cast off old garments, puts on others, even so does the embodied one, having cast off old bodies,

take on other, new ones."

Which belief or practice is expressed in this quotation

1) rigid class structure

2) REINCARNATION 3) monotheism

4) fasting and prayer

Which concept is illustrated in this diagram?

1) manorialism

2) apartheid

3) CASTE

4) encomienda

Which religion or belief system is most closely associated with the social class system illustrated in the diagram? 1) HINDUISM

2) Daoism

3) Catholicism

4) Animism

BUDDHISM

According to Buddhist principles, believers can end personal suffering by

1) doing good deeds

2) ELIMINATING SELFISH DESIRES

3) making pilgrimages to Mecca

4) relying on divine help

What belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists?

1) Everyone should have the same social status 2) People should pray five times a day

3) THE SOUL CAN BE REINCARNATED

4) Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods

Which religion includes the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and nirvana?

1) BUDDHISM

2) Hinduism

3) Judaism

4) Christianity

The diagram illustrates the key concepts of which religion 1) Islam

2) Christianity

3) Hinduism

4) BUDDHISM

This statue is most closely associated with which religion?

1) BUDDHISM

2) Islam

3) Jainism

4) Christianity Which belief system is most closely associated with the terms Eightfold Path , Four Noble Truths , and nirvana?

1) BUDDHISM

2) Christianity

3) Judaism

4) Shinto

Which belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama [Buddha]?

1) People are born into a specific caste

2) Believers must follow the Ten Commandments

3) Followers must fast during Ramadan

4) PEOPLE CAN OVERCOME THEIR DESIRES BY FOLLOWING THE EIGHT-FOLD PATH

The religious terms Four Noble Truths , Eightfold Path , and Nirvana are most closely associated with

1) Judaism 2) Islam

3) Shintoism

4) BUDDHISM

Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism?

1) competition and financial success

2) maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people

3) PRACTICING NONVIOLENCE AND GIVING UP WORLDLY DESIRES

4) self-determination and democracy

Which belief system is described in this passage? 1) BUDDHISM

2) Christianity

3) Islam

4) Confucianism

MONOTHEISM (ISLAM, CHRISTIANITY & JUDAISM)

Muslims’ references to Christians and Jews as “People of the Book” demonstrates they all shared a belief in

1) The pope

2) The five relationships

3) MONOTHEISM

4) Dharma

 Fasting during Ramadan  Praying five times each day

 Giving charity to the poor

Followers of which religion engage in these practices?

1) Christianity

2) Buddhism

3) ISLAM

4) Judaism

Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies

The situation described in the passage led to the 1) Pogroms in Russia

2) Fall of Constantinople

3) DIVISION OF SUNNIS AND SHIITES

4) Tensions between Protestants and Catholics

A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to

1) Combine the religious teachings of Islam and Christianity

2) MAINTAIN TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS VALUES IN SOCIETY

3) Encourage the practice of other religions

4) Adopt secular attitudes instead of religious beliefs.

Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith?

1) Refraining from eating meat on Fridays 2) PRAYING FIVE TIMES A DAY

3) Following the Eightfold Path

4) Worshipping many gods

Which text is essential to the practice of Islam?

1) New Testament

2) Analects

3) Torah

4) QUR’AN (KORAN)

Which belief system is considered monotheistic?

1) JUDAISM

2) Shinto 3) Confucianism

4) Animism

Which belief system is considered monotheistic?

5) Jainism

6) Daoism

7) JUDAISM

8) Shinto

This passage describes the experience of a follower of

1) Christianity 2) ISLAM

3) Hinduism

4) Judaism

Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in

1) papal supremacy

2) teaching of the Koran (Qur'an)

3) reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths

4) AN ETHICAL CODE OF CONDUCT AND MONOTHEISM

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they ask their followers to

1) believe in reincarnation

2) strive for nirvana 3) FOLLOW A CODE OF BEHAVIOR

4) practice polytheism

The doctrines of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches are all based on the

1) Concept of reincarnation

2) PRINCIPLES OF CHRISTIANITY

3) Teaching of Muhammad

4) Leadership of the pope

 "Most Gracious, Most Merciful"

 "Master of the Day of Judgment"

 "Thee do we worship, And Thine aid we seek"

This translated quotation from the Qur'an [Koran] refers to 1) Buddha

2) Shiva

3) ALLAH

4) Muhammad

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Dome of the Rock, and the Western (Wailing) Wall are religious sites in Jerusalem.

These sites symbolize the

1) Roman domination of the Mediterranean region in the 1st Century

2) CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF THE MIDDLE EAST

3) limited architectural skills of builders in the Middle East

4) geographic isolation of the city What is the main idea of this passage?

1) The Torah and the Bible were rejected in Muslim Spain.

2) Arabs, Jews, and Christians shared houses and places of worship in Muslim Spain

3) RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN MUSLIM SPAIN ENCOURAGED THE GROWTH OF A RICH AND DIVERSE CULTURE

4) Spain was troubled by deep-rooted religious conflicts

Which belief system requires fasting during Ramadan, praying five times daily, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca?

1) Judaism

2) Christianity

3) ISLAM 4) Hinduism

Which concept is best reflected in this passage?

1) Baptism

2) Karma

3) MONOTHEISM

4) Animism

THE SPREAD OF RELIGIONS

The introduction of Buddhism into Japan and of Christianity into Africa are examples of

1) Modernization

2) Ethnic conflict 3) CULTURAL DIFFUSION

4) Isolation

 Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200

 Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732

 Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s

Each of these statements reflects the concept of

1) CULTURAL DIFFUSION

2) urbanization

3) civil disobedience

4) isolationism  Buddhist temples are found in Japan

 Most Indonesians study the Koran

 Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin America

These statements illustrate a result of

1) Westernization

3) Economic nationalism

4) Fundamentalism

The practice of Islam throughout much of West Africa is evidence that

1) ISLAM SPREAD BEYOND THE BORDERS OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA

2) Chinese trade carried Islamic beliefs to West Africa 3) Islam originated in West Africa and spread it to the Middle East

4) Europeans encouraged Islamic beliefs during the colonial period

The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from

1) Imperialism

2) Ethnocentrism

4) Self-determination Which concept is most closely associated with this map of Asia?

1) Nonalignment

2) Urbanization

3) Colonization

Which area was most affected by the spread of both Islam and Buddhism in the period from 200 B.C. to A.D. 1450?

1) INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

2) Japanese Islands

3) Arabian Peninsula 4) Coastal China

What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by this map?

1) ISLAM HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT RELIGION IN MANY DIVERSE CULTURES OVER TIME

2) Islam was very slow to expand from its original development in Persia

3) Islam spread to regions that had cultures similar to those of Arabia

4) Islam’s influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world

According to the map, by A.D. 750 Islam had spread from

1) Mecca to Asia Minor

2) Cairo to Tours 3) Senegal to India

4) THE INDUS RIVER TO SPAIN

MORAL CODES

One way in which the Eightfold Path and the Five Pillars of Faith are similar is that these rules

1) REPRESENT CODES OF BEHAVIOR

2) restrict social mobility

3) stress the spiritual being in all natural objects

4) suggest a deep respect for nature and reincarnation

One way in which the Five Relationship, the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are similar is that they

1) Promote polytheism

2) Establish gender equality 3) PROVIDE CODES OF BEHAVIOR

4) Describe secularism

The Ten Commandments, the Eightfold Path, and the Five Pillars of Faith each serve to

1) PROVIDE FOLLOWERS WITH A GUIDE FOR LIVING

2) Establish systems of justice

3) Establish distinctions between social classes

4) Provide regulations for government workers

Which speaker is expressing an idea from a polytheistic religion 1) A

Which speaker refers to the establishment of Islam?

 Sunnis and Shiites have different views about who should lead the Muslim faith.

 Today some Hindus follow caste rules more closely than others do  Most Buddhists belong to one of two main sects

 Christianity is practiced by both Catholics and Protestants

Which generalization is supported by the information in these four statements?

1) IN MANY RELIGIONS, A RANGE OF BELIEFS OFTEN EXISTS

2) A belief in a god is common to all religions

3) A hierarchy of leadership exists in all religions

4) Religion is becoming less important to people

 The Ganges is sacred to people practicing Hinduism

 Shinto shrines are usually located near mountains or lakes

 The Jordan River is a site of many Christian baptism

Which conclusion is most valid based on these statements related to belief systems? 1) The Middle East was the birthplace of these belief systems

2) WATER PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THESE BELIEF SYSTEMS

3) Pilgrimages to mountainous regions are encouraged by these belief systems

4) Understanding nature is a requirement of these belief systems.