Early American Conflicts Guided Notes 8Th Grade Type Text

Early American Conflicts_Guided Notes _8th grade [Type text]

Early American Conflicts  In the years before the American Revolution, the British began to take a more active role in governing the American colonies.  The British had allowed the colonies to unofficially govern themselves. The new measures placed on the colonies came in the form of new laws and taxes caused a great deal of tension between the American colonists and the British.  These tensions would eventually lead to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.

King Philip's War  In 1675, a there was a significant conflict between English settlers and Native Americans.  The leader of the Wampanoag tribe, Metacom (named King Philip by English settlers) led a revolt against colonists in the New England colonies.  During the revolt, 600 colonists and 3000 Native Americans were killed.

French and Indian War  From 1754 until 1763, Great Britain and France fought for control of North American territory.  The first battle of the war began because of a dispute over land in the Ohio River Valley.  Colonel George Washington led a militia force into the Ohio Valley in 1754 in an attempt to challenge French expansion in the area.  After staging an unsuccessful attack on the French, Washington and his troops decided to build a stockade, which they called Fort Necessity.  The site was near a larger French outpost, Fort Duquesne. The French retaliated and were able to trap Washington and his soldiers inside Fort Necessity. Washington eventually surrendered.  In the Southern colonies, a conflict between the Cherokee tribes and colonists led to the First Cherokee War which occurred from 1759-1761.  The conflict started because the Cherokee tribes were upset that colonists continued to move west into Cherokee lands.  As a result, the Cherokee stopped supporting the British in the French and Indian War, and instead fought against the British.  Officially the Cherokee were never allies of the French and instead fought their own war against the British.

The end of the French and Indian War…  The French and Indian War ended when the two countries signed the Treaty of Paris of 1763.  In this treaty, France gave up all of Canada and all of its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.  In addition, Great Britain also received Florida from the Spanish as punishment for Spain's help to the French during the war. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

The Proclamation of 1763  After Great Britain took control of the land east of the Mississippi River at the end of the French and Indian War, it issued the Proclamation of 1763.  The Proclamation of 1763 was meant to appease the Native Americans living in the area.  It prohibited American colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains and heavily restricted trade there.  These restrictions angered many colonists.

New Taxes…  The Sugar Act of 1764 placed a tax on sugar, wine, and coffee.  The Currency Act of 1764 prohibited the colonists from printing their own money.  The Stamp Act of 1765 required the colonists to use specially stamped paper for all official documents, newspapers, and pamphlets.  Following the colonial objection of the Stamp Act, Great Britain repealed the tax in 1766.

Townshend Acts  In 1767, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, which were named after British politician Charles Townshend, a man in charge of the British treasury.  The Townshend Acts placed new taxes on lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper imported by the colonies from Great Britain.  Unlike the Stamp Act, which had been a direct tax paid when buying an item, the Townshend Acts were considered external taxes that were instead paid by merchants.  The colonists protested because they ended up paying the tax anyway, even if indirectly, because merchants raised their prices in order to reflect the new taxes. Regulator Movement  Unique to North Carolina is the Regulator Movement.  The Regulator Movement  the people of North Carolina rebelled against colonial authorities from 1765-1771.  NC rebelled because they felt that the colonial government was corrupt.  The Battle of Alamance was a battle between Regulators and the North Carolina militia on May 16, 1771.  William Tryon, the colonial governor, crushed the Regulator rebellion. Lack of Representation  In the years leading to the American Revolution, the main complaint of the colonists was how little say they had in the British government. Early American Conflicts_Guided Notes _8th grade [Type text]

 All of the new laws that were passed during this time were done without a representative in Parliament to discuss the colonists' concerns.  Because of this, the phrase "taxation without representation" became the main slogan for the colonists struggle against Great Britain.  Patrick Henry & Lack of Rep.  Patrick Henry was a political leader from Virginia and was a member of the House of Burgesses.  He spoke out against taxation without representation.  He inspired colonial patriotism with a speech given on March 23, 1775, in which he declared, "Give me liberty or give me death!"  This speech was given just before the outbreak of the American Revolution. Boston Tea Party  In 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act, reducing the tax on tea in an attempt to rescue the British East India Company from bankruptcy.  The colonists refused to buy British tea and would not permit British ships to unload it in Philadelphia and New York City.  In Boston, in the incident known as the Boston Tea Party, led by Samuel Adams, a group of colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians dumped cargoes of tea from British ships into Boston Harbor.  This action further polarized the colonists and the British.

Edenton Tea Party  Another tea party happened in North Carolina. The Edenton Tea Party was also held in response to the passage of the Tea Act.  On October 25, 1774, in Edenton, North Carolina, 51 women signed a protest and began a boycott of British goods, including tea.  The Edenton Tea Party was unique among colonial boycotts because it was organized by women.

The Intolerable Acts  In order to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, the British Parliament passed a series of laws, which the colonists referred to as the Intolerable Acts.  The Boston Port Act was the first law passed, and it closed the Boston port until the colonists paid for all of the tea that they had destroyed.  The Massachusetts Government Act revoked the colony's charter, and the British government took more control over the Massachusetts legislature.

 The ______Act allowed British officials accused of a crime to have a trial in a colony besides Massachusetts, or even in Great Britain.  The ______Act required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

Common Sense  In 1776, Thomas Paine anonymously published the pamphlet ______which called for ______.  The popular pamphlet criticized the British king and helped encourage colonists to issue the ______six months later.

The First ______Congress  In September 1774, a convention of delegates from twelve of the colonies met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The delegates wrote a letter to the ______of England listing their complaints against the ______Acts.  The Congress demanded the ______ The Congress also enacted a boycott of imported goods from Britain. To provide unity, delegates gave one vote to each state regardless of its size.

Patriot or not….  The American colonists fought against the British in the Revolutionary War.  The colonists who wanted to become an independent country were called ______.  The colonists who stayed loyal to the British were called ______.  The Carolinas played an important role in the American Revolution.

Paul ______ Paul Revere was a member of the Sons of Liberty and was involved in the Boston Tea Party.  He is best known ______.  This made sure the people were ready for the British attack.  That was the start of the ______.

Lexington ______ The first battle of the Revolutionary War was fought at Lexington, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775.  The American forces were led by ______.  They fought against British troops who were on their way to Concord, Massachusetts.  The British troops had been ordered to go Concord to capture military supplies that the American militia had been storing there. Early American Conflicts_Guided Notes _8th grade [Type text]

 ______

Battle of Charleston  Also known as the Siege of Charleston, this battle was fought between April and May of 1780.  It was one of the worst losses for the Americans during the Revolution.  Why…?  After ______ The Americans tried to fight but were cut off from supplies. The city finally surrendered on May 12, 1780.  Winning the ______gave the British almost complete control over the southern colonies.

Battle of Camden  The Battle of Camden was fought on August 16, 1780, in South Carolina.  It was a decisive ______forces that were made up largely of untrained citizens.  The American soldiers fled when faced with the trained soldiers of the British Army.  This victory convinced Lord Cornwallis, the commander of the British Army, that he should ______.

Battle of Kings Mountain  On October 7, 1780, men from the mountains of North and South Carolina were able to ambush a group of Loyalist soldiers in the Battle of Kings Mountain.  The battle was very short, and more than ______Loyalists were killed.  Lord Cornwallis had been attempting an invasion of North Carolina when the American forces attacked him.  As a result of this defeat, ______

Battle of Cowpens  On January 17, 1781, American troops fought against British.  The American soldiers were able to ______and win the battle.  This was a major victory for the American forces and caused Lord Cornwallis to abandon South Carolina. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

 This battle led directly to the victory at Yorktown where the fleeing Cornwallis was cornered by American troops.  Cowpens has been called ______.

Battle of Guilford Courthouse  On March 15, 1781, the American army under Nathanael Greene fought against Lord Charles Cornwallis' British forces in a field near Greensboro, North Carolina.  Even though the British defeated the Americans at this battle, it is considered to be a Pyrrhic victory.  This is because the Americans caused significant ______ The significant losses made Lord Cornwallis move towards the coast to re- supply, and then towards Virginia.

Battle of Yorktown  Taking place in the fall of 1781, the Battle of Yorktown was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War.  An assistance from nearly 8,000 French troops led by the Marquis de Lafayette, George Washington was able to defeat the British.  British General Cornwallis ______.

Treaty of Paris  The Treaty of Paris of 1783 officially ended the American Revolution. Great Britain recognized American independence, and the two countries agreed ______.  Under the terms of the treaty, Great Britain still controlled Canada, and the United States ______, east of the Mississippi River, and north of Florida