Essays for chapters 48-49

1. Discuss how cellular structures, including the plasma membrane, specialized endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeletal elements, and mitochondria, function together in the contraction of skeletal muscle cells.

2. Beginning at the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, describe the physical and biochemical events involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber. Include the structure of the fiber in your discussion

3. Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc in higher vertebrates. Include a description of the cell types and a discussion of the mechanism of transmission of the impulse.

4. Describe in detail, how the structure of the eye and ear contribute to the process of seeing and hearing.