Unit 7 : Chapter 23 – 25 Test DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST
Use the clickers and type in the corresponding answers.
T/F 1. The severe economic downturn of the 1870s caused business failures, labor conflict, and battles over currency.
2. The battles between the “Stalwart” and “Half-breed” Republican factions were mainly over who would get patronage and spoils.
3. The disputed Hayes-Tilden election was settled by a political deal in which Democrats got the presidency and Republicans got economic and political concessions.
4. Private railroad companies built the transcontinental rail lines by raising their own capital funds without the assistance of the federal government.
5. The Rockefeller oil company technique of “horizontal integration” involved combining into one organization all the phases of manufacturing from the raw material to the customer.
6. The railroads created an integrated national market, stimulated the growth in cities, and encouraged European immigration.
7. Many native-born Americans considered the New Immigrants a threat to American democracy and Anglo-Saxon purity.
8. Urban newspapers often promoted a sensational “yellow journalism” that emphasized sex and scandal rather than politics or social reform.
9. The new urban environment generally weakened the family but offered new opportunities for women to achieve social and economic independence.
10. Two religions that gained strength in the United States from the New Immigrants were Roman Catholicism and Judaism.
Multiple Choice
11. Boss Tweed’s widespread corruption was finally brought to a halt by a. federal prosecutors who uncovered theft c. the exposes of NY Times Thomas Nast b. outraged citizens who rebelled d. Tweed’s political opponents in NYC
12. Supreme Court’s Plessy v. Ferguson decision of “separate but equal” in effect legislated a. southern blacks’ loss of voting rights c. program of separate economic development b. unequal segregation between races d. rights to “equal protection under the law”
13. The key tradeoff in the Compromise of 1877: a. Republicans were president to remove troops c. Republican president for Democratic cabinet b. Democrat president for black equal rights d. Democratic president for increased immigrants 14. Final result of the widespread anti-Chinese agitation in the West was a. program to encourage Chinese education c. stripping the citizenship of Chinese-Americans b. Congressional law to prohibit immigration d. legal segregation of Chinese to “Chinatown”
15. Federal government contributed to building of the railroad by a. importing Chinese to help build tracks c. building & operating first rail lines b. providing free grants of federal land d. transporting mail & other federal shipments
16. First important federal law aimed at regulating American industry was a. Federal Communications Act c. Interstate Commerce Act b. Pure Food and Drug Act d. Federal Trade Commission
17. Two late 19th century inventions that draw women out of the home & into the workforce were a. railroad and telegraph c. cash register and stock ticker b. electric light and phonograph d. typewriter and telephone
18. Andrew Carnegie’s industrial system of “vertical integration” involved a. constructing large, vertical steel factories c. integration of diverse immigrant groups b. cooperation of manufacturers like Morgan d. Combining all phases of the steel industry
19. JP Morgan exercised his economic power most effectively by a. developing horizontal integration c. consolidating rival industries b. lending money to federal government d. serving as middleman between US & foreign
20. The oil industry first thrived in the late 1880s by producing a. natural gas for home heating purposes c. gasoline for automobiles b. kerosene for oil lamps d. heavy-duty diesel fuel for railroads
21. One of the most difficult new problems created by the rise of cities in urban American life-style: a. dealing with horses & other animals c. disposing of large quantities of waste b. developing means of communication d. finding effective methods of construction
22. Two technologies that contributed to the growth of American cities were: a. telegraph and railroad c. electric trolley and skyscraper b. compressor & internal combustion engine d. oil furnace and air conditioner
23. Countries from which many of the “New Immigrants” came included a. Sweden and Great Britain c. Poland and Italy b. Germany and Ireland d. China and Japan
24. The phrase “social gospel” refers to a. People were turning to God for answers c. Christian reformers answered social problems b. decline in traditional religious beliefs d. conflict between socialists and religious people
25. Traditional American Protestant religion received a substantial blow from a. psychological ideas of William James c. chemical theories of Charles Eliot b. theological ideas of Fundamentalists d. biological ideas of Charles Darwin Matching:
26. Boss Tweed a. Harvard-educated scholar and advocate of full black social and economic equality through the leadership of a “talented tenth”
27. Denis Kearney b. Midwestern-born writer and lecturer who created a new style of American literature based on social realism and humor
28. JP Morgan c. Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old- time revivalism to the industrial city.
29. Ulysses S. Grant d. Site of a bombing, during a labor demonstration, that aroused public hysteria against strikes
30. Jim Fisk e. Aggressive energy-industry monopolist who used tough means to build a trust based on “horizontal integration”
31. Jane Addams f. Inventive genius of industrialization who worked on devices such as the electric light, phonograph, and motion picture
32. Dwight L. Moody g. Enormously wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal government in 1895 aroused fierce public anger
33. Booker T. Washington h. Leading social reformer who lived with the poor in the slums and pioneered new forms of activism for women
34. Mark Twain i. Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude
35. WEB DuBois j. Former teacher of the deaf whose invention created an entire new industry
36. Cornelius Vanderbilt k. Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the US gold market nearly succeeded in 1869
37. Alexander Graham Bell l. Former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity but not social equality for blacks
38. Thomas Edison m. Aggressive eastern railroad builder and consolidator who scorned the law as an obstacle of his enterprise
39. Haymarket Square n. Heavyweight New York political boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871
40. John D. Rockefeller o. Irish-born leader of the anti-Chinese movement in California
Extended Response:
What was the impact of the transcontinental railroad on the American economy and society?