Physiology and Pathophysiology 2
Quiz on Antacids and Acid Reducers 1) What is another name for a group of medications, commonly known as acid reducers?
a) Heartburn killers
b) H2 blockers
c) PDE-5 inhibitors1
d) MAO inhibitors2
2) Antacids are taken
a) orally and transcutaneously
b) mostly orally but in severe cases via IV administration
c) orally
d) all above
3) How do H2 blockers work to reduce the amount of gastric acid?
a) They block histamine.
b) They neutralize gastric acid.
c) They reduce appetite.
d) They block proton pumps.
4) What are the common indications for taking H2 blockers?
a) peptic ulcers
b) GERD3
1 phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
2 monoamine oxidase inhibitors
3 gastroesophageal reflux disease c) dyspepsia
d) all the mentioned
5) What are the benefits of acid reducers (H2 blockers) over commonly used antacids?
a) Long duration of action
b) Milder aside effects
c) Short onset of action
d) More cost-effective
6) For quite a long period of time H2 blockers were the leaders among the medications to treat heartburn, GERD and ulcers until a new class of medicines was discovered. Name this class of medications, which managed to surpass acid reducers in terms of effectiveness and safety.
a) antacids
b) immune suppressants
c) MAO inhibitors
d) proton pump inhibitors
7) Are acid reducers available by prescription or over-the-counter?
a) only by prescription
b) only OTC
c) there are prescription and OTC versions
8) What is the safety profile of acid reducers?
a) very safe medications
b) moderately safe medications
c) unsafe medications with adverse effects 9) How do antacids work to treat heartburn?
a) They reduce the amount of acid produced.
b) They create a protective layer in the stomach.
c) They improve gastric acid digestion.
d) They neutralize acid.
10) In what cases should antacids be considered as a treatment option?
a) mild heartburn symptoms
b) moderate to severe heartburn symptoms
c) peptic ulcers
d) stomach and duodenal ulcers
11) What is the obvious benefit of antacids over H2 blockers?
a) They work faster. c) They are safer.
b) They work for longer. d) They cost less.
12) For how long should one use antacids as a maximum?
a) 3 days c) 2 weeks
b) 1 week d) As long as symptoms occur
Urinary Tract Infection Indicate whether each sentence below is true (T) or false (F). Then check with the video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koc6Trz6vdE
A. A lower urinary tract infection is an infection of the ureter, the bladder or both. B. A bladder infection is also called a lower urinary tract infection. C. Among the most common symptoms of BI are a burning sensation while urinating, a pressure or painful sensation in the lower abdomen, increased need to pass urine without much urine coming out during urination. D. There is always blood in the patient’s urine. E. The most common cause of BI is a bacterial infection from the anal canal. F. Some factors that increase the chances of a BI are insufficient fluid intake, sexual intercourse, bad hygiene, pregnancy and cold or draught. G. Women are more prone to BI than men because women have a longer urethra offering a better environment for germs to thrive. H. A BI is an annoying and painful complaint which is often difficult to get rid of. I. Antibiotics are often prescribed to prevent complications like an infection of the ureter, kidney, pelvis, etc. J. Drinking 2l of water daily may prevent from BI. K. When suffering from BI you should resist the urge to urinate as frequent urination irritates the urinary tract and causes greater pain.
Neurologic System and Mental Health Vocabulary Guess the defined words. The first letter has been given. a…………………………. lacking body or muscle tone a…………………………. a medical condition in which a part of your body becomes weaker or smaller because you are not using it or because blood is not reaching it b…………………………. d…………………………. manic depressive illness d…………………………. a serious illness affecting someone’s brain and memory in which they gradually stop being able to think or behave in a normal way, typically affecting older people d…………………………. a medical condition in which a person is so unhappy that they cannot live a normal life d…………………………. confusion about where one is or what direction one is moving in e…………………………. a serious medical condition that affects the brain and makes you suddenly shake in an uncontrolled way or become unconscious e…………………………. a time when someone is affected by an illness or a medical condition g…………………………. the way that someone walks j…………………………. a sudden reflex or involuntary movement. l…………………………. a usually minor or temporary failure; a slip l…………………………. p…………………………. spinal tap m…………………………. s…………………………. a chronic degenerative disease marked by patchy destruction of the myelin that surrounds and insulates nerve fibres and mild to severe neural and muscular impairments m…………………………. a low indistinct sound or utterance. o………………………….-c…………………………. d…………………………. a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly p…………………………. a…………………………. a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear p…………………………. a very strong feeling of disliking or being afraid of someone or something p………………………….-r…………………………. a tremor characterized by a circular movements of the tips of the index finger and thumb, typical of Parkinson's disease r…………………………. stiff, hard, unyielding s…………………………. a fit s…………………………. g…………………………. characterized by short steps, with feet barely leaving the ground and producing an audible shuffling noise s…………………………. s…………………………. poorly pronounced speech s…………………………. the action of deliberately killing yourself t…………………………. a slight shaking movement in your body or your voice that you cannot control t…………………………. a sudden slight uncontrolled movement of your body
Use the words from the exercise above in the sentences. Don’t forget to put them into the correct from.
1) He spoke with a ______voice.
2) My neighbour had been ______depressed for 10 days before he took his own life.
3) ______who experience simple partial seizures will not lose consciousness.
4) The disease, which usually originates from contaminated wounds, is characterised by overall ______or stiffness and convulsive spasms of the muscles.
5) He was feeling ______and didn’t know what to do. 6) She is extremely ______about heights.
Birth Control Pills Video Match the words in the table to form logical phrases. natural bleeding reproductive cells progesterone chemicals fertilized effects inner egg combination levels constant levels uterine lining reminder mucus cervical pill side pills medical reasons menstrual tissue lining
Fill in the gaps in the sentences according to the video.
As the level of estrogen begins to rise, it causes the normally ……………. mucus inside the cervix to ……..
In uterus estrogen causes the ……………….. to thicken, which prepares it to …………….. a fertilized egg.
The ………………….. in hormonal levels causes menstruation.
Without ovulation there is no egg …………………… for fertilization so a woman cannot ……… pregnant. Combination pills usually come in 28-day packs depending on the ……………… of pill.
Inactive pills …………………… the hormone levels in the body to drop so that bleeding during the menstrual cycle can …………………………..
Women may ………………………… progestin-only pills if they can’t …………………………… the estrogen in combination pills due to side ………………………. or other medical reasons.
For the ………………………………… protection against pregnancy it is important to take progestin-only pills at the same ……………………… every day.
Vocabulary atonic (adj) /eɪˈtɒnɪk; æ-/ atonický (bez napětí) atrophy (n) /ˈætrəfi/ atrofie, zakrnění bipolar disorder (n) /baɪˈpəʊlə dɪsˈɔː(r)də(r)/ bipolární porucha dementia (n) /dɪˈmenʃə/ demence disorientation (n) /dɪsˌɔːriənˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ dezorientace draught (n) /drɑːft/ průvan duodenal (adj) /ˌdjuːəʊˈdiːn(ə)l/ duodenální, dvanácterníkový dyspepsia (n) /dɪsˈpepsiə/ dyspepsie epilepsy (n) /ˈepɪˌlepsi/ epilepsie episode (n) /ˈepɪsəʊd/ epizoda, záchvat estrogen (n) /ˈiːstrədʒən/ estrogen fertilization (n) /ˌfɜːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ or /ˌfɜ:rtləˈzeɪʃən/ oplodnění gait (n) /ɡeɪt/ způsob chůze, držení těla germ (n) /dʒɜː(r)m/ bakterie, mikrob heartburn (n) /ˈhɑː(r)tˌbɜː(r)n/ pálení žáhy jerk (n) /dʒɜː(r)k/ cukání, škubnutí, trhání lapse (n) /læps/ výpadek, vynechání, selhání mumbling (n) /ˈmʌmb(ə)lɪn/ mumlání, huhňání myelin (n) /ˈmaɪɪlɪn/ myelin obsessive (adj) /əbˈsesɪv/ nutkavý, obsedantní overwhelm (v) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈwelm/ přemoci, zdolat panicky (adj) /ˈpænɪk/ panický, vyděšený phobia (n) /ˈfəʊbiə/ fobie pill-rolling (n) /pɪl ˈrəʊlɪŋ/ pohyb obou prstů oproti sobě rigid (adj) /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ tvrdý, nepružný seizure (m) /ˈsiːʒə(r)/ záchvat shuffle (v) /ˈʃʌf(ə)l/ šourat se, belhat se slurred (adj) /slɜː(r)d/ mumlavý, špatně artikulovaný suicidally (adj) /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəli; ˌsjuː-/ sebevražedný surpass (v) /sə(r)ˈpɑːs/ předčít, překonat transcutaneously /ˌtrænskjuˈteɪniəsli/ transkutánně tremor (n) /ˈtremə(r)/ třes, roztřesení tremulous (adj) /ˈtremjʊləs/ rozechvělý, roztřesený twitch (n) /twɪtʃ/ škubnutí, škubání, cukání unyielding (adj) /ʌnˈjiːldɪŋ/ nepoddajný, tvrdý, tuhý