Chapter 10 Terms and Dates

Walsingham Academy APUSH Mr. Jackson Chapter 10 Terms and Dates Allison

Dates: 1810- Supreme Court issues Fletcher vs. Park decision 1815- construction on the Natiomal Road begins 1816- second bank of the United States established; first protective tariff goes into effect 1819- Adams-Onis treaty with Spain; Tallmage amendment; Supreme Court McCulloch vs. Maryland decision 1820-21- Missouri becoming a state 1821- Florida becomes a territory 1823- Monroe Doctrine 1824- John Quincy Adams becomes president; Supreme Court Gibbons vs. Ogden decision 1828- Calhoun publishes the South Carolina Exposition and Protest

Terms: Daniel Webster- representative from New Hampshire who led the New Federalists in opposition to the moving of the second national bank from Boston to Philadelphia. Henry Clay- Speaker of the House on the 1820s who promoted economic nationalism and the American system. He also formed these done Missouri Compromise, which denied Missouri state legislation of having the power to excluded the rights of free blacks and mulattos. He also supported John Quincy Adams in the presidential election of 1824 and became Secretary of State when Adams won the election. He was accused by Andrew Jackson of entering into a corrupt bargain with Adams for his own gain. John C. Calhoun- served in the House of Representatives and the Senate for South Carolina before becoming Secretary of State under Monroe and Vice Presidents to Adams. Introduced the bill for the second national bank and led southerners who voted for the tariff of 1816. He later opposed tariffs. As Secretary of State under Monroe, he authorized the use of federal troops against the Seminoles. When he was Vice President to Adams, he supported a new tariffs bill to help win Andrew Jackson more support. Jackson won the election. Tariff of 1816- first protective tariff, which was intended to strictly protect American goods against foreign competition and American manufacturing. New England generally supported the tariff while the south generally opposed it, which led to more sectionalism. American System- (1820s) promoted by Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, who was a strong supporter of economic nationalism. The American system proposed 3 things: high tariffs on European imports (tariff of 1816) , higher prices for federal land, and a strong national bank. These three things were intended to strengthen the federal government. Higher tariffs promoted less imports and kept the money inside the United States. Higher prices on federal lands were used to finance federal improvements. The bank would promote healthy economic growth. The American system meet strong support and opposition. It was meant to unify the country but led to sectionalism instead. James Monroe- elected president in 1816 and served two terms. He signed the Transcontinental treaty with Spain, which gave the United States Florida and expanded the Louisiana territory out to the Pacific coast. In 1823, he established the Monroe Doctrine, (1823, named in 1852) which stated that the American colonies were closed to colonization but would still honor the existing European colonies. A) American colonies are not considered subjects for future colonization B) Political system of European powers is different and any attempt to extend their policies on this hemisphere is dangerous to the peace and safety of America. C) US will not interfere with existing European colonies D) US will keep out of internal affairs of European nations and their wars. John Q. Adams- While Secretary of State under Monroe, he negotiated agreements to define the boundaries of the Oregon country and the Transcontinental Treaty. He encouraged the Monroe doctrine, which incorporated many of his ideas. Became president in 1824 after deadlock, but Jackson's claims of corrupt bargain with Clay helped Jackson win the election of 1828 over Adams, with the help of Clay. Oregon Country- the convention of 1818 between Britain and the United States established the Oregon country as being west of the crest of the Rocky Mountains and the two countries were to occupy it together. Panic of 1819- financial collapse brought on by rapidly falling cotton prices, declining demand for American exports, and reckless western land speculation. Second Bank of the United States- established in 1816 in order to bring stability to the national economy, to serve as a place to keep federal funds, and provide the federal government wit the means of floating loans and transferring money from one part of the country to another, Missouri Compromise- (1820-21) deal proposed by Henry Clay to resolve the slave/free imbalance in congress that would occur if Missouri entered as a slave state. On March 20, 1820, Maine's admission as a free state offset Missouri. Slavery was prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana territory north of the southern border of Missouri, the 36°30’ Line. “Corrupt Bargain”- a vote in the House of Representatives that broke the deadlock for president in the election of 1824 in favor of John Quincy Adams, supported by Henry Clay. After Adams appointed Clay Secretary of State. Andrew Jackson claimed Clay made a corrupt bargain with with Adams, which led Jackson to win the presidential election of 1828.