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Banking Sector Performance, Regulation and Bank Supervision

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Banking Sector Performance, Regulation and Bank Supervision Chapter-5 Banking Sector Performance, Regulation and Bank Supervision 5.1 Bangladesh Bank (BB) continued to measures initiated by BB for banks and financial focus on strengthening the financial system and institutions and also the industry statistics of the improving functioning of the various segments. banking sector and the performances trends. The broad parameters of the reforms undertaken during the year comprised ongoing A. Banking Sector Performance deregulation of the operation of institutions within the BB's regulatory ambit, tightening of 5.2 The banking sector of Bangladesh prudential regulation and improvement in comprises of four categories of scheduled supervisory oversight, expanding transparency banks. These are state-owned commercial and market disclosure, all with a view to banks (SCBs), state-owned development improving overall efficiency and stability of the finance institutions (DFIs), private commercial financial system. The following paragraphs banks (PCBs) and foreign commercial banks highlight the recent regulatory and supervisory (FCBs). The number of banks remained Table 5.1 Banking system structure (billion Taka) 2006 2007 Bank Number Number of Total %of Deposits % of Number Number of Total %of Deposits % of types of banks branches assets industry deposits of banks branches assets industry deposits assets assets SCBs 4 3384 786.7 32.7 654.1 35.2 4 3383 917.9 33.1 699.7 32.6 DFIs 5 1354 187.2 7.8 100.2 5.4 5 1359 201.7 7.3 115.6 5.4 PCBs 30 1776 1147.8 47.7 955.5 51.3 30 1922 1426.6 51.4 1150.2 53.5 FCBs 09 48 284.9 11.8 150.8 8.1 09 53 227.7 8.2 183.4 8.5 Total 48 6562 2406.7 100.0 1860.6 100.0 48 6717 2773.9 100.0 2148.9 100.0 unchanged at 48 in 2007. These banks had a commercial banks held 8.2 percent of the total number of 6717 branches as of December industry assets in 2007, showing a declining 2007. The number of bank branches increased trend by 3.6 percentage point over the previous from 6562 to 6717 owing to opening of new year. The DFIs' share of assets was 7.3 percent branches by the PCBs during the year. Structure in 2007 against 7.8 percent in 2006. of the banking sector with breakdown by type of banks is shown in Table 5.1. 5.4 Total deposits of the banks in 2007 increased by 15.5 percent to Taka 2148.9 billion 5.3 In 2007, the state-owned commercial from Taka 1860.6 billion in 2006. The SCBs' banks (SCBs) held 33.1 percent of the total (comprising largest 4 banks) share in deposits industry assets as against 32.7 percent in 2006. decreased from 35.2 percent in 2006 to 32.6 PCBs' share rose to 51.4 percent in 2007 as percent in 2007. On the other hand, PCBs' against 47.7 percent in 2006. The foreign deposits in 2007 amounted to Taka 1150.2 39 Chapter-5 Banking Sector Performance, Regulation and Bank Supervision Chart 5.1 Chart 5.2 Aggregate industry assets (Dec, 2006) Aggregate industry liabilities (Dec, 2006) (billion Taka) (billion Taka) Loans & Deposits, advances, 1860.6, 1543.6, 77.3% 64.1% Govt. bills & other Other bonds, Capital & Deposit assets, liability, 252.1, 10.5% Cash in tills, reserves, with BB, 454.0, 18.9% 423.2, 135.2, 5.6% 21.8, 0.9% 122.9, 5.1% 17.6% Aggregate industry assets (Dec, 2007) Aggregate industry liabilities (Dec, 2007) (billion Taka) (billion Taka) Deposits, Loans & 2148.9, advances, 77.5% 1724.3, 62.2% Govt. bills & other Other bonds, Deposit assets, Capital & liability, 381.0, 13.7% with BB, Cash in tills, 479.6, 17.3% reserves, 445.0, 159.4, 5.7% 29.7, 1.1% 180.0, 6.5% 16.0% billion or 53.5 percent of the total industry Bank were Taka 159.4 billion or 5.7 percent; deposit against Taka 955.5 billion or 51.3 other assets were Taka 479.6 billion or 17.3 percent in 2006. FCBs' deposits in 2007 rose by percent and investment in Government bills and bonds accounted for 13.7 percent (Taka 381.0 Taka 32.6 billion or 21.6 percent over the billion) of the assets. previous year. The DFIs' deposits in 2007 were Taka 115.6 billion against Taka 100.2 billion in 5.6 Liabilities: The aggregate liability 2006 showing an increase of 15.4 percent over portfolio of the banking industry in 2007 was the year. Taka 2773.9 billion of which deposits constituted Taka 2148.9 billion or 77.5 percent and Aggregated Balance Sheet continued to be the main sources of fund of banking industry. Capital and reserves of the 5.5 Assets: Aggregate industry assets in banks were Taka 180.0 billion or 6.5 percent of 2007 registered an overall increase by 15.3 aggregate liabilities in 2007, as against Taka percent over 2006. During this period, SCBs' 122.9 billion or 5.1 percent in 2006. assets increased by 16.7 percent and those of the PCBs rose by 24.3 percent. Loans and Performance and Rating of Banks advances played a major role on the uses of fund. Loans and advances amounting to Taka 5.7 Performance of the banking sector under 1724.3 billion out of aggregate assets of Taka CAMELS framework, which involves analysis, 2773.9 billion constituted significant portion and evaluation of the six crucial dimensions of (62.2 percent). Cash in tills were Taka 29.7 banking operations, has been discussed in this billion (1.1 percent); deposits with Bangladesh chapter. The six indicators used in the rating 40 Banking Sector Performance, Regulation and Bank Supervision Chapter-5 system are (i) Capital adequacy, (ii) Asset Table 5.2 Capital to risk weighted assets quality, (iii) Management soundness, (iv) ratio by type of banks Earnings, (v) Liquidity and (vi) Sensitivity to (Percent) market risk. Bank types 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Capital Adequacy SCBs 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 -0.4 1.1 7.9 DFIs 3.2 3.9 6.9 7.7 9.1 -7.5* -6.7* -5.5* 5.8 Capital adequacy focuses on the total PCBs 10.9 9.9 9.7 10.5 10.3 9.1 9.8 10.6 position of bank capital and protects the FCBs 18.4 16.8 21.4 22.9 24.2 26.0 22.7 22.7 depositors from the potential shocks of losses Total 6.7 6.7 7.5 8.4 8.7 5.6* 6.7* 9.6* that a bank might incur. It helps absorbing major * Denotes the adjusted CAR after adjusting the cumulative financial risks (like credit risk, market risk, losses of DFIs since 2005. foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and risk involved in off-balance sheet operations). Banks Chart 5.3 in Bangladesh have to maintain a minimum Aggregate capital adequacy position Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) of not less than 10.0 percent of their risk-weighted assets (with 1800 10.5 at least 5.0 percent in core capital) or Taka 2.0 1600 9.0 1400 billion, whichever is higher. 7.5 1200 5.9 Table 5.2 shows that as on 31 December 1000 6.0 800 4.5 Percent 2007, the SCBs, DFIs, PCBs & FCBs Billion Taka 600 maintained CAR of 7.9, -5.5, 10.6 and 22.7 3.0 percent respectively. The CAR of SCBs showed 400 200 1.5 7.9 percent in 2007 after transferring the 0.0 cumulative loss for Taka 87.9 billion by creating 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 goodwill (valuation adjustments account) at the Capital RWA Capital/RWA time of corporatization of 3 SCBs. The valuation adjustment account will be amortised within 10 years. Meanwhile, the CAR of DFIs stood at -5.5 percent in 2007 after adjusting the Table 5.3 NPL ratios by type of banks cumulative losses of Taka 24.8 billion of BKB (Percent) and RAKUB. The adjusted CAR of DFIs in 2005 Bank types 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 and 2006 also stood at -7.5 percent and -6.7 SCBs 45.6 38.6 37.0 33.7 29.0 25.3 21.4 22.9 29.9 percent considering their cumulative losses of DFIs 65.0 62.6 61.8 56.1 47.4 42.9 34.9 33.7 28.6 Taka 21.9 billion and Taka 24.4 billion PCBs 27.1 22.0 17.0 16.4 12.4 8.5 5.6 5.5 5.0 respectively. 5 PCBs (including 2 problem FCBs 3.8 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.7 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.4 banks) also could not maintain required CAR in Total 41.1 34.9 31.5 28.0 22.1 17.6 13.6 13.2 13.2 2007. FCBs maintained 22.7 percent CAR in 2007 though 6 FCBs out of 9 FCBs could not maintain minimum capital for Taka 2.0 billion but advances (62.2 percent as of December 2007). they were permitted to adjust those shortfall within 30 June 2009. The CAR of the banking The high concentration of loans and advances industry was 9.6 percent in 2007 as against 6.7 indicates vulnerability of assets to credit risk, percent in 2006.
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