Rapid Single Image-Based DTM Estimation from Exomars TGO Cassis Images Using Generative Adversarial U-Nets
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Planetary Science Division Status Report
Planetary Science Division Status Report Jim Green NASA, Planetary Science Division January 26, 2017 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommiBee Outline • Planetary Science ObjecFves • Missions and Events Overview • Flight Programs: – Discovery – New FronFers – Mars Programs – Outer Planets • Planetary Defense AcFviFes • R&A Overview • Educaon and Outreach AcFviFes • PSD Budget Overview New Horizons exploresPlanetary Science Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Ascertain the content, origin, and evoluFon of the Solar System and the potenFal for life elsewhere! 01/08/2016 As the highest resolution images continue to beam back from New Horizons, the mission is onto exploring Kuiper Belt Objects with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera from unique viewing angles not visible from Earth. New Horizons is also beginning maneuvers to be able to swing close by a Kuiper Belt Object in the next year. Giant IcebergsObjecve 1.5.1 (water blocks) floatingObjecve 1.5.2 in glaciers of Objecve 1.5.3 Objecve 1.5.4 Objecve 1.5.5 hydrogen, mDemonstrate ethane, and other frozenDemonstrate progress gasses on the Demonstrate Sublimation pitsDemonstrate from the surface ofDemonstrate progress Pluto, potentially surface of Pluto.progress in in exploring and progress in showing a geologicallyprogress in improving active surface.in idenFfying and advancing the observing the objects exploring and understanding of the characterizing objects The Newunderstanding of Horizons missionin the Solar System to and the finding locaons origin and evoluFon in the Solar System explorationhow the chemical of Pluto wereunderstand how they voted the where life could of life on Earth to that pose threats to and physical formed and evolve have existed or guide the search for Earth or offer People’sprocesses in the Choice for Breakthrough of thecould exist today life elsewhere resources for human Year forSolar System 2015 by Science Magazine as exploraon operate, interact well as theand evolve top story of 2015 by Discover Magazine. -
Exomars Schiaparelli Direct-To-Earth Observation Using GMRT
TECHNICAL ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation REPORTS: METHODS 10.1029/2018RS006707 using GMRT S. Esterhuizen1, S. W. Asmar1 ,K.De2, Y. Gupta3, S. N. Katore3, and B. Ajithkumar3 Key Point: • During ExoMars Landing, GMRT 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 2Cahill Center for Astrophysics, observed UHF transmissions and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 3National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India Doppler shift used to identify key events as only real-time aliveness indicator Abstract During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, Correspondence to: S. W. Asmar, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The [email protected] Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real-time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency Citation: mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission. Esterhuizen, S., Asmar, S. W., De, K., Gupta, Y., Katore, S. N., & Plain Language Summary When planetary missions, such as landers on the surface of Mars, Ajithkumar, B. (2019). ExoMars undergo critical and risky events, communications to ground controllers is very important as close to real Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth observation using GMRT. time as possible. The Schiaparelli spacecraft attempted landing in 2016 was supported in an innovative way. Radio Science, 54, 314–325. A large radio telescope on Earth was able to eavesdrop on information being sent from the lander to other https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006707 spacecraft in orbit around Mars. -
UK Space Agency Civil Space Strategy 2012-2016
UK Space Agency Civil Space Strategy An executive agency of the Department of Business, Innovation UK SPACE AGENCY Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN2 1SZ Tel +44(0)207 215 5000 Email [email protected] Web www.bis.gov.uk/ukspaceagency CIVIL SPACE STRATEGY 2012-2016 The UK Space Agency To lead and sustain the growth of the UK Space Sector Foreword A strategy is more than simply words. A strategy demonstrates that we are carefully considering the options available to us; that we have an eye on the long-term, and most importantly, that we are committed to action. We are currently celebrating the 50th anniversary of the UK’s first foray into space, recognizing the pioneers who first ventured into unknown scientific territory with the Ariel-1 satellite. In the intervening half-century, space has become part of our lives. We use its technology to navigate our streets, access the internet and communicate around the globe. And UK space expertise has cemented Britain at the forefront of the exploration of our Universe. We have landed the Huygens probe on Titan, flown by Halley’s comet with the Giotto mission, probed the mysteries of the Universe with Herschel and Planck, and advanced our understanding of planet Earth through the Envisat and Cryosat missions. Today, space continues to be a key sector for Britain’s future. Its economic contribution to the UK economy is impressive. Total space-related turnover was £9.1 billion in 2010/11 (compared to £7.5 billion in 2008/09). This represents a real growth of 15.6% since 2008/09. -
Mars Express Going Gyroless - Impact on Science Operations Systems
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 12, EPSC2018-1048, 2018 European Planetary Science Congress 2018 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2018 Mars Express going Gyroless - Impact on science operations systems C.Muñiz Solaz (1), A.Cardesin (1), J.Marin-Yaseli de la Parra (1), M.Costa i Sitjà (1), D.Merritt (1), M.Castillo (1), M.G.Breitfellner (1), E.Grotheer (1), P.Martin(1), F. Nespoli (1), M.Kueppers(1), G.Buenadicha(1), B. Geiger (1), D.Titov(2) (1) ESA European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain ([email protected] / T: +34-91-8131349) (2) European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk ZH, Netherlands Abstract tions of its gyroscopes, thereby extending the mission lifetime. MEX was never designed to fly without its Mars Express was originally designed to explore Mars gyros continuously available, therefore an AOCS up- for a period of 1 Martian year. The mission has been grade was necessary to avoid an end of mission fore- very successful and has been extended in several oc- cast in early 2019. This software update not only af- casions and today it has been flying for more than fects the spacecraft operations but also the science op- 15 years. Due to its long lifetime in space the gy- erations, including procedures and planning processes. ros had started to degrade, and a decision was made The Science Ground Segment (SGS) team, located to extend the spacecraft lifetime by developing a new at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) near AOCS software to allow for switching off the gyros Madrid (Spain), is responsible for the generation, co- during an extended part of the operations, thereby re- ordination and maintenance of the overall scientific ducing the duty cycle of the IMUs. -
Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter Operations ESOC
Training Opportunity for Swiss Trainees Reference Title Duty Station CH-2019-OPS-OPE Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter operations ESOC Overview of the unit’s mission: OPS-OP is responsible for mission preparation and flight operations for the ESA fleet of solar and interplanetary spacecraft. The division currently operates four missions (Cluster, Mars Express, ExoMars TGO, Bepi Colombo) and prepares for the launch of three others (Solar Orbiter, ExoMars Rover and Surface Platform, JUICE). Within OPS-OP, the ExoMars TGO unit (OPS-OPE) is responsible for the operations of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) in-orbit around Mars. This includes monitoring, control and mission planning of the satellite as well as the mission responsibility for the required data systems and related interfaces. Overview of the field of activity proposed: The ExoMars TGO is the first in a series of Mars missions undertaken jointly by ESA and Roscosmos. From its 400-km- altitude science orbit TGO shall gain a better understanding of methane and other atmospheric gases present in small concentrations (less than 1% of the atmosphere) which could be evidence for possible biological or geological activity. The Orbiter is also an invaluable Mars telecommunications asset, currently providing communication services to NASA rovers (or landers) on the Mars Surface: it acts as a data relay hub for sending commands to the rovers and downloading rover data to Earth using ESA, NASA and Russian space communication networks. This relay function will serve the ExoMars 2020 mission, combining a European Rover and a Russian science Surface Platform, planned to land on Mars in March 2021. -
Mawrth Vallis, Mars: a Fascinating Place for Future in Situ Exploration
Mawrth Vallis, Mars: a fascinating place for future in situ exploration François Poulet1, Christoph Gross2, Briony Horgan3, Damien Loizeau1, Janice L. Bishop4, John Carter1, Csilla Orgel2 1Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 2Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany 3Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA. 4SETI Institute/NASA-ARC, Mountain View, CA, USA Corresponding author: François Poulet, IAS, Bâtiment 121, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; email: [email protected] Running title: Mawrth: a fascinating place for exploration 1 Abstract After the successful landing of the Mars Science Laboratory rover, both NASA and ESA initiated a selection process for potential landing sites for the Mars2020 and ExoMars missions, respectively. Two ellipses located in the Mawrth Vallis region were proposed and evaluated during a series of meetings (3 for Mars2020 mission and 5 for ExoMars). We describe here the regional context of the two proposed ellipses as well as the framework of the objectives of these two missions. Key science targets of the ellipses and their astrobiological interests are reported. This work confirms the proposed ellipses contain multiple past Martian wet environments of subaerial, subsurface and/or subaqueous character, in which to probe the past climate of Mars, build a broad picture of possible past habitable environments, evaluate their exobiological potentials and search for biosignatures in well-preserved rocks. A mission scenario covering several key investigations during the nominal mission of each rover is also presented, as well as descriptions of how the site fulfills the science requirements and expectations of in situ martian exploration. -
The Economic Impact of Physics Research in the UK: Satellite Navigation Case Study
The economic impact of physics research in the UK: Satellite Navigation Case Study A report for STFC November 2012 Contents Executive Summary................................................................................... 3 1 The science behind satellite navigation......................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 1.2 The science................................................................................................ 4 1.3 STFC’s role in satellite navigation.............................................................. 6 1.4 Conclusions................................................................................................ 8 2 Economic impact of satellite navigation ........................................ 9 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Summary impact of GPS ........................................................................... 9 2.3 The need for Galileo................................................................................. 10 2.4 Definition of the satellite navigation industry............................................ 10 2.5 Methodological approach......................................................................... 11 2.6 Upstream direct impacts .......................................................................... 12 2.7 Downstream direct impacts..................................................................... -
Atmospheric Dust on Mars: a Review
47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-175 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina Atmospheric Dust on Mars: A Review François Forget1 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Paris, France Luca Montabone2 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Paris, France & Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA The Martian environment is characterized by airborne mineral dust extending between the surface and up to 80 km altitude. This dust plays a key role in the climate system and in the atmospheric variability. It is a significant issue for any system on the surface. The atmospheric dust content is highly variable in space and time. In the past 20 years, many investigations have been conducted to better understand the characteristics of the dust particles, their distribution and their variability. However, many unknowns remain. The occurrence of local, regional and global-scale dust storms are better documented and modeled, but they remain very difficult to predict. The vertical distribution of dust, characterized by detached layers exhibiting large diurnal and seasonal variations, remains quite enigmatic and very poorly modeled. Nomenclature Ls = Solar Longitude (°) MY = Martian year reff = Effective radius τ = Dust optical depth (or dust opacity) CDOD = Column Dust Optical Depth (i.e. τ integrated over the atmospheric column) IR = Infrared LDL = Low Dust Loading (season) HDL = High Dust Loading (season) MGS = Mars Global Surveyor (NASA spacecraft) MRO = Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA spacecraft) MEX = Mars Express (ESA spacecraft) TES = Thermal Emission Spectrometer (instrument aboard MGS) THEMIS = Thermal Emission Imaging System (instrument aboard NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft) MCS = Mars Climate Sounder (instrument aboard MRO) PDS = Planetary Data System (NASA data archive) EDL = Entry, Descending, and Landing GCM = Global Climate Model I. -
Rivista Elettronica Di Diritto, Economia, Management
Rivista elettronica di Diritto, Economia, Management Numero 1 - 2021 Parte prima: Atti del convegno “Cooperazione spaziale internazionale: limiti e prospettive”, organizzato il 12 gennaio 2021 dal Centro Studi Geopolitica.info in collaborazione con UnitelmaSapienza, CEMAS Sapienza e con il patrocinio scientifico di Fondazione Roma Sapienza. Inquadra il QR-CODE per il download degli altri numeri Parte seconda: articoli sul PNRR, identità e profilo, customer della Rivista satisfaction, outsourcing per l’archiaviazione dei documenti informatici, diritto di accesso ad internet o al ciberspazio, smart contratcts, cloud, regolazione e competizione, lavoro agile o smartworking e protezione dei dati personali. FONDATA E DIRETTA DA DONATO A. LIMONE I ISSN 2039-4926 Direttore responsabile Donato A. Limone Comitato scientifico Estanislao Arana García, Catedrático de Derecho administrativo de la Universidad de Granada (Spagna); Piero Bergamini (Comitato Direttivo del Club degli Investitori di Torino); Francesco Capriglione (professore di diritto degli intermediari e dei mercati finanziari, Luiss, Roma); Mario Carta (Professore di diritto dell’Unione europea dell’Università degli Studi di Roma Unitelma Sapienza); Enzo Chilelli (esperto di sanità e di informatica pubblica); Claudio Clemente (Banca d’Italia); Fabrizio D’Ascenzo (professore ordinario, preside della Facoltà di Economia, Univer- sità “La Sapienza”); Angelo Del Favero (“Health and Welfare School”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Unitelma Sapienza”); Luigi Di Viggiano (Università del Salento; esperto di scienza dell'amministrazione digitale); Jorge Eduardo Douglas Price, ordinario di Teoria generale del diritto; Direttore del Centro di Studi Istituzionali Patagónico (CEIP), Facoltà di Giurisprudenza e Scienze Sociali dell'Università Nazionale di Comahue (Argentina); Vincenzo Mongillo (ordi- nario di diritto penale, Università degli studi di Roma, Unitelma Sapienza); Maria Rita Fiasco (consulente, Vice Presidente Assinform); Donato A. -
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION STANDARDS UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND National mechanism: Outer Space Act 1986 (OSA) Description: The Outer Space Act is the legal basis for the regulation of activities in outer space (including the launch and operation of space objects) carried out by persons connected with the United Kingdom. The Act confers licensing and other powers on the Secretary of State acting through the UK Space Agency. The Act ensures compliance with UK obligations under the international conventions covering the use of outer space to which the UK is a signatory. Under the legislation of the OSA, the Secretary of State shall not grant a licence unless he is satisfied that the activities authorised by the licence will not jeopardise public health or the safety of persons or property, will be consistent with the international obligations of the United Kingdom, and will not impair the national security of the United Kingdom. Further the Secretary of State requires the licensee to conduct his operations in such a way as to prevent the contamination of outer space or adverse changes in the environment of the Earth, and to avoid interference with activities of others in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. The Secretary of State requires the licensee to insure himself against liability incurred in respect of damage or loss suffered by third parties, in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, as a result of the activities authorised by the licence. Further the licensee shall indemnify Her Majesty’s government in the United Kingdom against any claims brought against the government in respect of damage or loss arising out of activities carried on by him to which this Act applies. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Space Debris
IADC-11-04 April 2013 Space Debris IADC Assessment Report for 2010 Issued by the IADC Steering Group Table of Contents 1. Foreword .......................................................................... 1 2. IADC Highlights ................................................................ 2 3. Space Debris Activities in the United Nations ................... 4 4. Earth Satellite Population .................................................. 6 5. Satellite Launches, Reentries and Retirements ................ 10 6. Satellite Fragmentations ................................................... 15 7. Collision Avoidance .......................................................... 17 8. Orbital Debris Removal ..................................................... 18 9. Major Meetings Addressing Space Debris ........................ 20 Appendix: Satellite Break-ups, 2000-2010 ............................ 22 IADC Assessment Report for 2010 i Acronyms ADR Active Debris Removal ASI Italian Space Agency CNES Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (France) CNSA China National Space Agency CSA Canadian Space Agency COPUOS Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations DLR German Aerospace Center ESA European Space Agency GEO Geosynchronous Orbit region (region near 35,786 km altitude where the orbital period of a satellite matches that of the rotation rate of the Earth) IADC Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee ISRO Indian Space Research Organization ISS International Space Station JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency LEO Low