Cold Water Coral Focus Group Questionnaire

COLD WATER CORAL FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONNAIRE

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SECTION A: ACTIVITIES AND THE SEA

A.1. Do you go to the coast to undertake the following activities:

Sightseeing by drivingt/ sightseeing/ relaxation Walking/hiking/running/climbing/cycling/painting Picnic/sunbathing Bird Watching/Wildlife Observation/Fishing Watersports Work on the coast Work on the coast in the fishing industry Work on the coast in the oil/gas industry Other Please Specify:

I don’t use the coast

A.2. How often do you visit/ use the coastal environment during the year?

More than once a week Once a week Less than once a week About once a month Less than once a month About once a year Other Please Specify:

Don’t know

A.3. To what degree are you interested in:

To a small To a large Don’t Don’t degree degree Know Care 1 Commercial fishing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 The oil and gas industry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Recreational fishing and other 3 recreational activities by/on the sea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4 Marine heritage and art 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 Marine science and ecology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SECTION B: THE CONDITION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SEA

B.1. How well do you think that the Norwegian coastal- and sea areas are managed?

Poor Average Good Don’t Don’t Know Care 1 Beach and coastal zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 The fjords 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 The deep sea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

B.2. To what extent would you say the state of the environment in Norwegian coast- and sea areas has gotten worse or improved over the past 10-15 years?

Worse No change Better Don’t Don’t Know Care 1 Beach and coastal zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 The fjords 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 The deep sea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SECTION C: THE PRODUCTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SEA

C.1. How important do you think that the following of the products and functions of the sea are:

Small Medium Large Don’t Don’t Know Care 1 Fish and shellfish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 Oil and gas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Climate regulation and CO2 storage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Genetic and chemical components of 4 marine organisms can be used for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 example in pharmaceutical industries

5 Recreation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 Habitat for fish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C.2. To what degree do you agree with the following statements:

Disagree Agree Don’t Don’t Know Care The fisheries are in conflict with 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 other uses of the sea. The oil and gas industry is in conflict 2 with other uses of the sea. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Aquaculture is in conflict with other 3 uses of the sea. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fishing tourism is in conflict with 4 other uses of the sea. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

It is important to conserve the marine 5 environment for future generations. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SECTION D: COLD WATER CORALS

D.1. Had you heard about cold water corals prior to this survey?

Yes No Not Sure

D.3. Underline the deep sea fishes that you have heard about:

Blue halibut, redfish, tusk, ling, ratfish, roundnose grenadier, skate, angler fish, hake, rough-headed grenadier.

SECTION E: MY ATTITUDES TO COLD WATER CORALS

E.1. To what degree do you think that the reason that cold water corals should be protected that:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care They represent raw materials for 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 biomedical industry. 2 They are important habitat for fish. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 They are important in climate 3 regulation and CO2 storage.

Future generations should be able to 3 benefit from them. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

They represent a unique and fragile ecosystem which has a right to exist 4 independent of the use humans have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 of them.

5 There are large uncertainties 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 regarding the potential values they represent.

E.2. To what extent to you agree that a good way to protect cold water corals is to:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care Ban all fishing in areas with cold 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 water corals Prohibit bottom trawling in areas with 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 cold water corals. Ensure sustainable fishing by 3 introducing certification of fish. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

E.3. While waiting for mapping of cold water coral reefs, one should temporarily close areas for up to:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care 1 1 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 2-5 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 5 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Until mapping has been completed 4 independent of how long time it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 takes.

E.4. To what degree do you agree with the following statements:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care One should not close areas for bottom trawling due to the negative 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 economic impact on fisheries and associated societies. Today’s marine protected area of 3.2% of Norwegian sea area is 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 sufficient to protect cold water corals in Norway.

E.5. To what degree to do agree with the following statements:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care 1 More information would make it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 easier to put a monetary value on cold water corals. I am willing to pay to protect cold 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 water corals. I don’t think people in Norway in 3 general would be willing to pay to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 protect cold water corals.

I would be willing to pay more if cold 4 water corals were protected over a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 longer time period.

I would be willing to pay more if cold 5 water corals were protected over a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 larger area.

The fishers should carry the costs of 6 cold water coral protection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 themselves.

SECTION F: FUND FOR PROTECTION OF COLD WATER CORALS

F.1. If you are willing to pay for protection of cold water corals, to what degree do you prefer the following payment vehicles:

To a small To a large Don’t Don’t degree degree Know Care 1 General taxes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ear marked taxes that goes to a fund 2 for protection of cold water corals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Via the marked by paying more for 3 fish that is harvested without 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 damaging cold water corals.

4 Voluntary donation to a fund. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

F.2. If a fund was established to protect cold water corals, the money should go towards:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care 1 Compensating fishers for lost income 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 supporting science for research and 2 protection of cold water corals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

supporting management and 3 conservation of marine ecosystems in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 general

4 Compensating for lost income of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 fishers that can document that they use environmentally friendly fishing practices

SECTION G: RESPONSIBIILTY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SEA

G.1. To what degree do you agree that the following institutions are good at securing the environment in deep sea areas:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care 1 Environmental organisations. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 UN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Norwegian authorities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4 Fishers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 EU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

G.2. To what degree do you agree with the following statements:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care The fishers’ most important task is to 1 deliver sea food of high quality to a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 reasonable price. Fishers have the right to bottom trawl 2 because it is a part of their way of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 living and history.

G.3. To what degree do you think the following are obliged to secure protection of the marine environment:

Don’t Don’t Disagree Neutral Agree Know Care The Norwegian people by only 1 purchasing seafood that is sustainably 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 harvested. 2 Norwegian and European fishers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Norwegian authorities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SECTION H: PERSONAL DATA

H.1. Do you, or any member of your household, have a fishing background? YES NO

H.2. Are you or any members of your household involved in any environmental organizations?

YES NO

H.3. Place of residence ______

H.4. Age

65 or over 50 - 65 40 - 50 30 - 40 20 - 30 Under 20

H.5. Education

Secondary High school College University Master or Doctoral degree

H.6. Current work status

Working full-time Working part-time Student Housewife Retired Unemployed

H.7. What is your Occupation?______

H.8. Annual income before deduction of taxes.

Less than 20 000 20 000 – 40 000 40 000 – 80 000 80 000 – 160 000 160 000 – 320 000 320 000 – 480 000 480 000 – 640 000 640 000 – 800 000 More than 800 000

H.9. What do you think about this questionnaire?

Interesting 1 Too long 2 Difficult to understand 3 Educational 4 Unrealistic 5 Other 6

THANK YOU!