Prescribed Fire Plan

PRESCRIBED FIRE PLAN

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT(S): Wyandotte County Lake Park

PRESCRIBED FIRE NAME: WYCO Lake Park

PREPARED BY: DATE: Jason M. Hartman

TECHNICAL REVIEW: Fenn E. Wimberly RXB2 DATE: 10/23/2010 PRINT NAME & QUALIFICAITION-

COMPLEXITY RATING: Moderate

APPROVED BY: DATE: AGECNY ADMINSTRATOR NAME- Ross Hauck, Fire Management Coordinator Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name:

Table of Contents

ELEMENT 2: AGENCY ADMINISTRATOR GO/NO-GO PRE-IGNITION APPROVAL CHECKLIST...... 3 ELEMENT 2: PRESCRIBED FIRE GO/NO-GO CHECKLIST...... 4 ELEMENT 3 COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY...... 5 ELEMENT 4: DESCRIPTION OF PRESCRIBED FIRE AREA...... 6 ELEMENT 5: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES...... 8 ELEMENT 6: FUNDING:...... 8 ELEMENT 7: PRESCRIPTION...... 8 ELEMENT 8: SCHEDULING...... 9 ELEMENT 9: PRE-BURN CONSIDERATIONS...... 10 ELEMENT 10: BRIEFING...... 12 ELEMENT 11: ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT...... 13 ELEMENT 12: COMMUNICATION...... 13 ELEMENT 13: PUBLIC AND PERSONNEL SAFETY, MEDICAL...... 14 ELEMENT 14 TEST FIRE...... 15 ELEMENT 15: IGNITION PLAN...... 15 ELEMENT 16: HOLDING PLAN...... 16 ELEMENT 17: CONTINGENCY PLAN...... 16 ELEMENT 18: WILDFIRE CONVERSION...... 18 ELEMENT 19: SMOKE MANAGEMENT AND AIR QUALITY...... 20 ELEMENT 20: MONITORING...... 21 ELEMENT 21: POST-BURN ACTIVITIES...... 22 APPENDICES...... 23 A. MAPS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24 B. TECHNICAL REVIEWER CHECKLIST...... 31 C: COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS...... 32 D. JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS...... 46 E. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART…………………………………………………………………………………..48 F. FIRE BEHAVIOR MODELING DOCUMENTATION OR EMPIRICAL DOCUMENTATION...... 49 G. INCIDENT COMMUNICATION PLAN...... 52 H. EMERGENCY MEDICAL PLAN ………………………………………………………………………………53 I. SMOKE MANAGEMENT MAP …………………………………………………………………………………54

2 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name:

ELEMENT 2: AGENCY ADMINISTRATOR GO/NO-GO PRE-IGNITION APPROVAL CHECKLIST

Instructions: The Agency Administrator’s GO/NO-GO Pre-Ignition Approval is the intermediate planning review process (i.e. between the Prescribed Fire Complexity Rating System Guide and Go/No-Go Checklist) that should be completed before a prescribed fire can be implemented. The Agency Administrator’s Go/No-Go Pre-Ignition Approval evaluates whether compliance requirements, Prescribed Burn Plan elements, and internal and external notifications have been or will be completed and expresses the Agency Administrator’s intent to implement the Prescribed Burn Plan. If ignition of the prescribed fire is not initiated prior to expiration date determined by the Agency Administrator, a new approval will be required.

YES NO KEY ELEMENT QUESTIONS Is the Prescribed Fire Plan up to date? Hints: amendments, seasonality. Will all compliance requirements be completed? Hints: cultural, threatened and endangered species, smoke management, NEPA. Is risk management in place and the residual risk acceptable? Hints: Prescribed Fire Complexity Rating Guide completed with rational and mitigation measures identified and documented? Will all elements of the Prescribed Fire Plan be met? Hints: Preparation work, mitigation, weather, organization, prescription, contingency resources Will all internal and external notifications and media releases be completed? Hints: Preparedness level restrictions Will key agency staff be fully briefed and understand prescribed fire implementation? Are there any other extenuating circumstances that would preclude the successful implementation of the plan? Have you determined if and when you are to be notified that contingency actions are being taken? Will this be communicated to the Burn Boss? Other:

Recommended by: ______Date: ______Project Administrator

Recommended by: ______Date: ______Prescribed Fire Burn Boss

Approved by: ______Date: ______Agency Administrator

Approval expires (date): ______

ELEMENT 2: PRESCRIBED FIRE GO/NO-GO CHECKLIST

A. Has the burn unit experienced unusual drought conditions or contain above normal YES NO fuel loadings which were not considered in the prescription development? If NO proceed with checklist., if YES go to item B.

B. If YES have appropriate changes been made to the Ignition and Holding plan and the Mop Up and Patrol Plans? If YES proceed with checklist below, if NO STOP.

YES NO QUESTIONS

Are ALL fire prescription elements met?

Are ALL smoke management specifications met?

Has ALL required current and projected fire weather forecast been obtained and are they favorable?

Are ALL planned operations personnel and equipment on-site, available, and operational?

Has the availability of ALL contingency resources been checked, and are they available?

Have ALL personnel been briefed on the project objectives, their assignment, safety hazards, escape routes, and safety zones?

Have all the pre-burn considerations identified in the Prescribed Fire Plan been completed or addressed?

Have ALL the required notifications been made?

Are ALL permits and clearances obtained?

In your opinion, can the burn be carried out according to the Prescribed Fire Plan and will it meet the planned objective?

If all the questions were answered "YES" proceed with a test fire. Document the current conditions, location, and results

______Burn Boss Date

ELEMENT 3 COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY

WYCO LAKE PARK

POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ELEMENT RISK CONSEQUENCE DIFFICULTY

1. Potential for escape Moderate High Moderate

2. The number and dependence of activities Moderate Moderate Moderate

3. Off-site Values High Moderate Moderate

4 On-Site Values Low Low Low

5. Fire Behavior Moderate Moderate Moderate

6. Management organization Moderate Moderate Moderate

7. Public and political interest High Moderate High

8. Fire Treatment objectives Low Moderate Moderate

9 Constraints Moderate Low Moderate

10 Safety Moderate Low Low

11. Ignition procedures/methods Moderate Moderate Moderate

12. Interagency coordination Low Low Moderate

13. Project logistics Low Moderate Low

14 Smoke management Moderate High Moderate

COMPLEXITY RATING SUMMARY

OVERALL RATING RISK Moderate

CONSEQUENCES Moderate

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY Moderate

SUMMARY COMPLEXITY DETERMINATION Moderate RATIONALE: A moderate complexity determination is largely because of the burn unit’s proximity to an urban area and private ownerships/residences. Additionally some mitigation efforts will need to be addressed in the areas of management organization, number of resources and smoke management.

ELEMENT 4: DESCRIPTION OF PRESCRIBED FIRE AREA

A. Physical Description

Location: This project is approx 489ac of Wyandotte County Lake Park in Wyandotte County, KS. The area to be treated is the woodlands and grasslands between the loop roadway formed by East Drive and West Drive and the park boundary. A local location description is 91st Street and Leavenworth Road, Kansas City, KS. Legal location is portions of T10S R23E Sections 24 &25 and portions of T10S R24E Sections 18, 19, 20, 29, & 30.

Topography: Topography is rolling with a few drainages of 25-30% slope. Elevation ranges from1000’ to 820’, and aspects primarily east and west with a lake running primarily north and south through the center of the park.

Boundary: The overall boundaries of the WYCO Lake Park Rx unit will be the property line of Wyandotte County Lake Park to the exterior and Bridal Trail and/or East/West Drive to the interior. The WYCO Lake Park Rx unit is divided into six treatment blocks. The burn blocks may be treated individually or combined depending on management discretion. The burn blocks are separated by either man made or natural breaks. These blocks are defined only by natural and man made barriers that exist for the ease and flexibility to implement the treatment. Each of these predefined blocks may be further divided to better allow for safe implementation while meeting objectives and smoke management concerns.

Treatment Block 1 = 73 acres Treatment Block 2 = 25 acres Treatment Block 3 = 122 acres Treatment Block 4 = 26 acres Treatment Block 5 = 90 acres Treatment Block 6 = 153 acres Project Area Total = 489 acres .  Block 1 is located in the southwest portion of the project area. The block perimeter is made up of Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (constructed hand line) on the west, north, south and West Drive (paved road) on the east. This unit is 73 acres in size.  Block 2 is located in the west central portion of the project area. Block 2 perimeter is made up of N 93rd Street on the west (paved road), Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (constructed hand line) on the north, and West Drive (paved road) on the south and east. This block is 25 acres in size.  Block 3 is located in the northwest portion of the project area. This triangular block perimeter consists of Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (constructed hand line) on the west and north and West Drive (paved road) on the east. The block is 122 acres in size.  Block 4 is located in the north central portion of the project area. The block perimeter consists of constructed hand line on the west and east, Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (two-track gravel road) on the north, and West/East Drive on the south. This block is 26 acres in size.

 Block 5 is located in the northeast portion of the project area. The block perimeter is Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (constructed hand line or two track gravel road) on the north, east, and south, and East Drive (paved road) on the west. This block is 90 acres in size.  Block 6 is located in the southeast portion of the project area. The block perimeter is East Drive (paved road) on the north and west, and Wyandotte County Lake Park boundary (constructed hand line) on the south and east. This block is 153 acres in size.

B. Vegetation/Fuels Description:

The primary plant community/fuel for this project is eastern hardwood timber. For predicting fire behavior a NFFL fuel model nine may best described as the primary fire carrier. Isolated pockets of heavier fuels exist throughout the unit and may be described as a NFFL Fuel model 10. These areas are comprised of dead and down oak/hickory/etc. hardwood material from previous natural events. Additional pockets of eastern red cedar fuels exist and may be described as a NFFL Fuel model 4. However Fuel Model 4 may over predict this fuel type and these pockets of cedar are non-continuous.

Adjacent fuels data: Fuel loading adjacent to the project area can be considered similar to or less than what lies in the project area.

C. Description of Unique Features:

This area is a public use area with no recorded previous history of prescribed or significant wildfire. Potential significant unique features may include, power and utility lines/structures, abandoned residential sites, drainages, a creek, and a crossing of 93rd street on the west central portion of the project. Wyandotte County Lake Park is within the city limits of Kansas City, KS. More specifically the immediate area includes light to moderate density residential areas, as well as large industrial, recreational, service, and retail commercial properties located 5 miles SW in an area known as Village West.

Public use facilities:  Shelter #2 which is in Block 1, south east of the UG Parks and Rec Administration/Sheriff Park Services building  Shelter #10 which is in Block 2 east of 93rd street, north of the beach house, and west of the marina.  Archery Range is in Block 3 east of Red Bird Hill in the northwest portion of the project.  Shelter #11 which is in Block 5 east of the dam in the northeast portion of the project.  83rd Street Shelter which is in Block 6 southeast of the 83rd and East Drive Junction  Shelter #1 which is in Block 6 east of Davis Hall  The maintenance facilities in the southeastern extent of the project.  Unified Government owned home across from marina cove.

ELEMENT 5: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

A. Goals:

Safely reduce hazardous fuels loads that have resulted from natural events and fire exclusion.

B. Objectives:

Organizational objectives;  Provide for firefighter and public safety.  Provide opportunities for various trainee evaluations as available.

Resource objectives:  Reduce canopy density of brush component by 15% less than pre-burn conditions.  Reduce density of invading tree species by 25% less than pre-burn conditions.

Prescribed fire objectives:  Decrease pre-burn levels of decadent/unnaturally high fuel loadings by 75% in one year.  Decrease pre-burn buildup of biomass duff layer by 50% in one year.  Create a buffer of treated area between the Park landscape and adjacent private ownership to decrease potential of an unwanted large fire crossing onto private land.  Keep fire with in project area/burn block perimeter.

Acceptable Range of Results:  50-60% of available fuel in project area/treatment unit(s) burned.  50-100% of all invader/encroaching shrub (less then 2’) and tree species (less then 4’) top killed.  70-100% of fuel reduction objectives met.

ELEMENT 6: FUNDING:

A. Cost:

Estimated costs given in the grant award, to include pre-burn mechanical treatments was $83/ac.

B. Funding source:

2008 USDA Forest Service Community Assistance Fire Part B Hazardous Fuels Reduction (CAFB) Grant.

ELEMENT 7: PRESCRIPTION

A. Environmental Prescription: WEATHER CONDITIONS DORMANT SEASON LOW BEHAVIOR HIGH BEHAVIOR TEMPERATURE (°F) 40 85

RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 65 25 WIND SPEED (2O’) 8.5 25.5 WIND SPEED (MID-FLAME) 5 15 WIND DIRECTION-EAST SIDE PREFERED ACCEPTABLE SE ANY SOUTH COMPONENT WIND DIRECTION-WEST SIDE PREFERED ACCEPTABLE SW ANY SOUTH COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS DORMANT SEASON LOW BEHAVIOR HIGH BEHAVIOR PROBABILITY OF IGNITION (%) 10 64 LIVE FUEL MOISTURE 130 50 LITTER/DUFF MOISTURE MOIST VERY DRY

B. Fire Behavior Prescription: FIRE BEHAVIOR LOW BEHAVIOR HIGH BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL 9 10 4 9 10 4 RATE OF SPREAD, (ch/hr) 6 6 22 59 61 585 FIRELINE INTENSITY (BTU/FT/SEC) 32 106 396 422 1576 31856 FLAME LENGTH (FEET) 2.2 3.8 7.0 7.3 13.3 53.0 OAK MORTALITY (%) 33 33 94 55 99 99 ERC MORTALITY (%) 82 100 100 100 100 100

These fire behavior outputs, primarily ROS and FL, will be what are monitored to ensure project area remains “in prescription”. The environmental parameters listed above are the inputs which determine fire behavior. It is responsibility of the prescribed fire burn boss to combine environmental/weather conditions to meet objectives and goals of the prescribed fire plan while keeping fire behavior in prescriptive parameters listed above. While some reduction in woody species is desired, protection of mature oak, walnut, hickory, ash, and etc. species needs to be considered; therefore close monitoring of pre-ignition conditions and during ignition care should be taken to keep the fire behavior in those ranges that result in less than 55% oak mortality as indicated in the table above.

ELEMENT 8: SCHEDULING

A. Ignition Time Frames/Season(s):

Primarily the project will be implemented during the dormant season, after 1st hard freeze and before the spring bud break or “leaf out”. Typically this is a window from November 1st thru March 31st.

B. Projected Duration:

Primary ignition which would secure perimeter of burn unit(s) will generally take one operational period. Interior ignition with mop up and patrol lasting up to a week. Pockets of heavier fuels may continue to smolder for several days and will not be suppressed

9 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: unless they occur on the perimeter of burn unit, or create a smoke nuisance.

C. Constraints:

Implementation will be coordinated with Unified Government Parks and Recreation personnel to ensure stated objectives and goals can be met.

It must be determined that contingency resources (Kansas City, KS FD) are available prior to ignition of test fire.

Burn unit will not be implemented when local and/or State burn bans are in place.

Ignition will be limited to that portion of the day when active fire behavior will occur, typically between 11:00 am and 3:00 pm. This will allow for active and complete combustion and decrease residual burning or incomplete combustion to mitigate smoke management concerns.

Due to potential smoke impacts the number of acres that can reasonably be ignited in the window of 3-4 hours of prime prescribed fire conditions will be monitored to assess how many acres can be accomplished in a given day while maintaining minimal smoke impacts.

At a National or Regional Preparedness Level 4 or 5 approval from the KFS Fire Management Coordinator must be obtained prior to implementation following current guidelines listed in National Interagency Mobilization Guide and Rocky Mountain Interagency Mobilization Guide.

ELEMENT 9: PRE-BURN CONSIDERATIONS

A. Considerations:

On Site:  A control line of 33’ minimum saw line with 18” minimum hand line will be established along the entire edge of the burn unit(s). The saw portion line will be established during a mechanical fuel reduction project prior to prescribed fire project implementation. This control line is 15 miles in length. This line will improve upon existing fuel breaks that exist in the form of the property boundary and Bridal Trail. It will be up to the Burn Boss to determine if the control line will be sufficient to hold the expected flame length on the day of implementation.  Perimeter and interior roadways will be mowed at least 3 times as wide as the height of adjacent fuels by park staff and equipment.  The shelter houses in the unit will need to be secured prior to or during ignition. In most cases there is limited fuel around the parks shelters due to maintained lawn and parking in the vicinity. A patrol prior to ignition will insure that conditions exists which will not damage the shelter house.  Cedar trees will need to be removed or limbed up within one chain of all boundaries prior to implementation to reduce threat of spot fires.  The utility lines will be inspected. The base of the wood utility poles will be protected with avoidance or ring fire ignition techniques.

 Interior gates in fence lines should be open prior to ignition to allow ease of access to fire personnel.  Public Use areas should be patrolled just prior to ignition to ensure no public are in those areas.

Off Site: “Caution-Smoke Ahead” signs will be placed along public roadways which may be impacted by smoke. Forecasted wind direction on day of burn will determine placement of signs. Signs should be placed so that they allow adequate distance to slow/stop before cars reach smoke impacted roadways. The burn boss will direct placement of signs prior to ignition.

The KFS Line Office will make the necessary contacts ahead of time and work with the burn boss during to ensure all necessary coordination with both Kansas and Missouri Highway Patrols, Kansas City International Airport, and local Fire Departments are handled as needed to ensure public and firefighter safety.

B. Method and Frequency for Obtaining Weather and Smoke Management Forecast(s):

 Ignitions will not occur until THE BURN BOSS has received the spot weather forecast and the prescription elements are met.  A spot weather forecast will be request from the NWS office in Pleasant Hill, MO. Burn boss or designated person will request spot weather forecast on-line at the following address: http://spot.nws.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/spot/spotmon?site=eax The forecast will be posted at the same site.  Weather observations will be taken periodically (as needed) throughout the burn to check prescription adherence. On-site weather observations will be recorded. When possible contact NWS after unit has been completed to give them on-site weather observations taken during burn.

C. Notifications:

 Kansas City, KS FD will be contacted notifying them of our intent to implement a prescribed fire at least one hour prior to ignition.  Adjacent private land owners will be contacted notifying them of our intent to implement a prescribed fire prior to ignition. This will be done by news releases, newsletters, flyers, local access television, and public meetings beginning one year prior and continuing until the week of the burn.  Pueblo Interagency Coordination Center (PICC) will be notified of our intent to implement a prescribed fire at least 24hrs prior to ignition.  Kansas and Missouri Highway Patrol and/or Departments of Transportation will be notified within one week of the project and expected dates of implementation.  Kansas City International Airport will be notified within one week of expected dates of implementation

ELEMENT 10: BRIEFING

Briefing Checklist:

I. Burn Organization A. Organizational Chart/Personnel Assignments B. Equipment Assignments C. Other Resources II. Burn Objectives III. Description of Burn Area A. Review Map of Burn/Topographical Features/Acreage B. Values at Risk C. Problem Areas D. Fuel Type (Both Inside and Outside the Burn Unit) E. Roads/Access F. Water Sources G. Natural/Manmade Barriers IV. Expected Weather A. Wind Direction and Speed B. Relative Humidity C. Temperature D. Fuel Moisture E. Atmospheric Stability F. Predicted Changes V. Predicted Fire Behavior A. Flame Lengths (H, B and F) B. ROS C. Fine Dead Fuel Moistures D. General Expected Fire Behavior. VI. Communications A. Procedures B. Frequencies/Channels 1. Burn Crew 2. Dispatch 3. Cooperators 4. Others VII. Firing Sequence A. Test Burn B. Ignition Equipment (Type, Number, Etc.) C. Pattern and Sequence of Firing (Map) VIII. Contingency Plan A. Slop Over vs. Escape B. Assignments/Organizational Chart C. Strategy D. Tactics X. Safety A. Inspect Personal Protective Equipment B. Lookouts, Escape Routes and Safety Zones C. Hazards (Footing, Natural, Man made, Smoke [visibility], Etc.) D. Potential Problems E. Other (Air Operations, Flammable Fuel Handling, Etc.)

ELEMENT 11: ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT

A. Positions:

RXB2 – 1 PIO – 1 FIRB – 1 Holding Boss – 1 ENGB – 3* ATVO – 1 RX Crewmembers – 13* FEMO – 1 Logistics – 1 *these numbers can be flexible with burn boss and KFS agreement, but implementation will not be allowed with less than 1 ENGB and 9 Crewmembers.

B. Equipment:

3 off road capable fire engines, 1 ATV, two 700 gallon water trailers

C. Supplies:

Minimum: • 25 gallons drip torch fuel mixed 3:1. Consider doubling the torch fuel if burned when litter/duff is moist. • 4 “Caution Smoke Ahead” signs and stands. • 20 gallons of drinking water • 2 medical kits. • 6 Drip Torches • 1 Case Fussees

ELEMENT 12: COMMUNICATION

A. Radio Frequencies

1. Command Frequency(s): see Appendix G for list of frequencies used. 2. Tactical Frequency(s): see Appendix G for list of frequencies used. 3. Air Operations Frequency(s): see Appendix G for list of frequencies used. B. Telephone Numbers:

An attempt to contact the private land owners adjacent to the burn unit will be made to notify them of our intent to burn. Kansas City, KS FD Dispatch will be contacted prior to ignition of the test fire notifying them of our intent to burn.

NAME PHONE# REMARKS KCKFD 913-573-5550 Notification of intent to implement a prescribed fire. Pleasant Hill NWS 816-540-6021 If needed to verify spot weather forecast Wyandotte County Lake Park/Sheriff Park 913-573-8395 In case of radio failure, law enforcement, or other Ranger Administration Building support needs. Pueblo IADC (719) 553-1600 KFS Dispatch Center

ELEMENT 13: PUBLIC AND PERSONNEL SAFETY, MEDICAL

A. Safety Hazards:

 Burn crew members will use caution when working on established roadways. Although traffic levels on local roads may be considered light to moderate potential for injury associated with vehicle accident is high.  If equipment has emergency lights they will be instructed to use them during the burn as well as running lights. This will add to their visibility.  Wooden fence posts may see some damage from the fire.  Whenever possible ignite along fence lines to minimize any possible damage to wire and posts.  Any signs and other items on perimeter of burn units will be secured during ignition to minimize any possible damage.  Due to the possible existence of old fence lines; extreme care needs to be taken if/when lighting in the interior. Igniters need to ensure they have an escape route available at all times. When possible interior ignition teams should work in pairs.  Fine, flashy fuels are very responsive to changes in weather conditions.  Previous natural events such as ice storms and tornado have left many hanging limbs, broken tops, and other overhead hazards in the forest canopy.

B. Measures Taken to Reduce the Hazards:

All personnel will receive a thorough briefing prior to ignition.

C. Emergency Medical Procedures:

See appendix H

D. Emergency Evacuation Methods:

See appendix H

E. Emergency Facilities:

See appendix H

ELEMENT 14: TEST FIRE

A. Planned location:

A test fire will be conducted in the downwind corner of the treatment unit in fuels that best represent the majority of the burn unit. The burn boss will observe the test fire to ensure wind direction and burning conditions are within predicted and required parameters. However, the use of a single test fire may not be indicative of fire behavior throughout the entire burning period. During all times of active ignition the fire behavior will be monitored, and will be terminated if prescribed fire plan objectives, holding objectives and safety requirements are not being met. If conditions are not within these parameters the test fire will be extinguished and burn postponed until conditions allow for continuation. The size and duration of the test fire will be determined by the prescribed fire burn boss. A test fire will be initiated every day it takes to implement this project.

B. Test Fire Documentation:

1. Weather conditions On-Site:

On-site weather conditions will be observed and recorded immediately prior to test fire.

2. Test Fire Results:

Observable fire behavior and smoke lifting and drift will be recorded for the test fire.

ELEMENT 15: IGNITION PLAN

A. Firing Methods/Techniques/Patterns/Sequence:

The down wind/upslope perimeter(s) will be lit allowing fire to back into the wind/down slope. A control line of at least a minimum of 33 feet (1/2 chain) will be established before teams continue with ignition. Ignition in the interior through strip head fires/spot ignition will occur to; 1) protect improvements as necessary and safe to do so, 2) expedite ignition of unit and 3) reduce combustion phase therefore lessoning effects of smoke. Unit will be completed by lighting a head fire on upwind/down slope perimeter of unit.

B. Devices:

The unit will be ignited using hand ignition devices.

C. Ignition Staffing:

Ignitions staffing will be determined on-site, based on actual conditions and mutually agreed upon by the burn boss and KFS.

ELEMENT 16: HOLDING PLAN

A. General Procedures for Holding:

 Holding forces will be coordinated by FIRB or other designated position.  Holding forces and ignition resources will work together along perimeter.  100% mop up of spot fire or slop over before proceeding with ignition.  Constant patrol along perimeter.  Aggressive initial attack.  Water Refill Points-these will be established at discretion of burn boss prior to ignition. Multiple refill points exists throughout and adjacent to project area. It is recommended that at least two refills sites be selected and established prior to implementation.

B. Critical Holding Points and Actions:

 Downwind perimeter of project area.  All points along the exterior perimeters that are in closest proximity to private residences.  Any downwind corners or bends in control line.

C. Minimum Organization or Capabilities Needed:

The minimum for holding will be 1 Holding Boss, and 1 fully staffed Type VI engine.

D. Mop Up and Patrol:  Mop up will began as soon as possible and preferably concurrently during ignition if resources are available.  All fires will be mopped up and patrolled commensurate with the threat of smoke and/or escape problems. In all cases, each burn will be patrolled a minimum of once immediately prior to abandoning for the evening and once the next morning prior to 11 AM. All fire will be extinguished within 66 feet of the perimeter if any threat of escape is determined by the Burn Boss.  The perimeter of the unit will be patrolled at least once every day until unit is declared out.  Spot Weather Forecast for the next burning period will be ordered if general weather forecast will increase potential for an escape (high winds, low RH’s, high temperatures, unfavorable wind direction).  Large pockets of unburned fuel may remain in the interior of the unit after primary ignition occurs. These pockets may be burned off at later dates as long as there is little chance of escape out of the unit.  When the KFS Line Officer, Burn Boss, and UG Parks and Rec Representative feel the unit poses no threat of escape, based on observed lack of residual burning as well as forecasted weather conditions, patrols can cease and the unit will be declared out.

ELEMENT 17: CONTINGENCY PLAN

A. Trigger Points:

Fire Spread:

Fire may spread outside of individual burn block and remain in project area without being declared an escape if on-site or pre identified contingency resources are available to safely implement contingency actions. Fire spread onto private property that is not immediately accessible and if on-site or pre identified contingency resources are not available to safely implement contingency actions will result in fire being converted to an unwanted fire with declaration of an escaped fire by the prescribed fire burn boss. Fire spread beyond project area on Park lands may be managed without being declared an escape/unwanted fire if on-site or pre identified contingency resources are available to safely meet contingency plan objectives. See Element 18 for command and staffing assignments in the event of an escape or wildfire.

Fire Behavior:

If observed flame lengths or rates of spread are above that prescribed within this plan or will pose a threat to firefighter safety or will result in increased risk of fire leaving project area contingency resources may be requested in order to secure perimeter of burn block/project area. This ordering of contingency resource may not necessarily require a conversion to wildland fire.

Environmental Conditions:

If environmental conditions contribute to increased fire behavior or prevent appropriate actions by holding resources additional contingency resources may be ordered. This ordering of contingency resources may not necessarily require a conversion to wildland fire.

Equipment/Personnel:

Loss of equipment during implementation phase due to mechanical or other issue may require ordering of contingency resources to safely hold fire in predefined area. This may not constitute conversion to an escaped fire.

Injury, or other reason, in which a firefighter(s) is removed from the fireline may require additional resources to be ordered to safely hold fire in predefined area.

Smoke Complaints:

If an unreasonable number of smoke complaints are received actions will start to stop ignition, secure boundaries and mop up will start, unless it is determined that continued ignition will generate sufficient “heat engine” to lift smoke out of the area and more effectively diminish smoke impacts than ceasing ignitions would.

B. Actions Needed:

Specific actions required to hold fire spread to pre identified boundaries will mirror actions associated with implementing the treatment unit. Resources will secure project area perimeter or burn block perimeter by lighting off of man made or natural barriers. Ordering of contingency resources will allow for these actions to be taken more quickly and safely.

C. Additional Resources and Maximum Response Time(s):

Ordering Additional Resources The IC will order resources through the onsite KFS Line Officer who will have responsibility for making the appropriate contacts to request the resources. This may include resources from the Kansas City, KS FD, and the Missouri Department of Conservation.

The following contingency resources with minimum estimated travel time may be available: Note: KCK and vicinity FD’s may have limited Wildland equipment, training and experience.

DEPARTMENT/AGENCY STATION RESPONSE RESOURCES TIME Missouri Department of James Reed WA 45 min TYPE 7, ATVs, Conservation LIGHT DOZER Kansas City, KS Fire Station 4 10 min Type 1 and 2, EMS Department Kansas City, KS Fire Station 8 20 min 5000 gal Tender Department

ELEMENT 18: WILDFIRE CONVERSION

A. Wildfire Declared By/When:

 Burn Boss has sole discretion to convert the prescribed fire to wildfire status based on his/her experience and intuitive sense for a variety of reasons.  The onsite KFS Line Officer/Agency Administrator or other designated official may also convert prescribed fire to wildland fire status in coordination with the Burn Boss.  If a slop over(s), spot fire, or multiple spot fires occur and it is immediately obvious that the fire will not be able to be controlled with on-site resources or those resources standing by in other locations specifically for the prescribed burn.  If lives are threatened, private property, resources, or other structures are threatened, regardless of pre-determined time frames for control determination.  If three or more spot fires occur within any ½ hour time period.  If smoke impacts sensitive receptors or becomes a health or visibility hazard.  If observed fire behavior exceeds prescribed parameters and poses threat to firefighter safety or limits ability to hold fire in predefined area.

B. IC Assignment/Command Structure:

 Burn Boss will assume the role of Incident Commander until relieved by a higher qualified person or of at least same qualification or other person assigned by KFS Line Officer.  The Kansas Forest Service (KFS) and Kansas City, KS FD (KCKFD) will have unified command unless KCKFD gives full authority to the KFS.  The Holding Boss will assume the role of Operations on the wildfire until relieved by a similar or higher qualified person.  The fire may be split into divisions depending on the complexity of the escape and where it happens. The IC and Operations will make this determination and forward the information to the ground forces and make assignments as appropriate and personnel are qualified (determined in pre-ignition briefing).

Procedures to Follow in the Event of an Escaped Prescribed Fire:

 In the event of a slop-over/spot fire or slop-overs/spot fires, the Burn Boss will be notified immediately.  The Burn Boss will review the criteria for declaring an escaped prescribed fire (above) and begin a determination process for the appropriate actions.  If the Burn Boss determines that an escape has occurred he will become the Incident Commander. The Burn Boss will notify all burn personnel of the change in status of the fire.  The Burn Boss will notify the KFS Line Officer as soon as possible of the escape.  The KFS Line Officer will notify KCKFD Dispatch as soon as possible of the escape.  Additional resources ordered from local Fire Departments/Agencies. See available resources listed in Contingency Section.  The Burn Boss may order all ignitions on the fire to cease as appropriate. However, it is recognized that fighting fire with fire may be the best option for controlling it.  All burn personnel will become involved with the suppression of the escaped fire as qualifications and physical testing allow.

C. Notifications:

 The KFS Line Officer will need to be notified of an escape as soon as possible after declaration is made.  Kansas City KS Fire Department will be notified that an escape has occurred.  The Unified Government Parks and Recreation Department will be notified that an escape has occurred as soon as possible.  Pueblo IADC will be notified that an escape has occurred.

D. Extended Attack Actions and Opportunities to Aid in Fire Suppression:

 Appropriate Management Responses will be taken with all slop-overs and spot fires. This will include the use of direct and/or indirect attack strategies and tactics.  All suppression efforts will focus on taking advantage of human and natural barriers to fire spread including but not limited to roads, canals, railroad tracks, changes in fuel types and continuities in fuel beds.  Assumptions of the BEHAVE model must be taken into consideration when modeling containment needs. One assumption is that fuels are continuous and uninterrupted. In many areas outside the burn unit this will not be the case. The Model also assumes that the fire is free burning and not influenced by other ignitions. This will not be the case in this instance. Where appropriate, suppression crews will apply fire to the ground to fight the escaped fire.  It should be assumed that contingency resources may take up to 45 minutes to respond to any request. Order additional suppression resources early.

Indirect Attack Areas:

Outside of Wyandotte County Lake Park: Maintained residential lawns Hurrelbrink Road Nelson Lane 93rd Street Liggett Road Agricultural Lands to the NE of Park Luke Lane 83rd Street Cernech Road 85th Street 91st Street

Inside of Wyandotte County Lake Park: Wyandotte County Lake Shelter House/Park Facility access Roads East Drive West Drive

ELEMENT 19: SMOKE MANAGEMENT AND AIR QUALITY

A. Compliance:

The State of Kansas has minimal smoke management guidelines and regulations that pertain mainly to agricultural burning and the prevention of smoke lingering on roadways and other sensitive areas. Night time ignitions, burning on days when the cloud cover is >.7% and/or when surface wind speeds are less than 5 mph or greater than 15 mph are all prohibited.

B. Permits to be Obtained:

Unified Government Office of Air Quality Burn Permit(s) may be obtained.

C. Smoke Sensitive Areas:

Private residences as well as a major urban commercial/industrial area surround the project area. Interstate Highway 435 is ½ mile away. While Kansas City International Airport (MCI) itself is beyond the projected smoke impact area, communication with airport officials will be necessary due to possible impacts on arrival and/or departure routes of aircraft using MCI. Good smoke lift and transport wind direction of SW will be highly preferred with S and SE being acceptable under good to excellent dispersion conditions.

D. Impacted Areas:

Residential, commercial, business and industry areas as well as high traffic roadways and airports could be impacted.

E. Mitigation Strategies and Techniques to Reduce Smoke Impacts:

The smoke impacts of only the number of acres that can reasonably be ignited in the window of 3-4 hours of prime prescribed fire conditions will be monitored to assess how many acres can be accomplished while maintaining minimal smoke impacts. Due to high traffic, smoke impacting roadway visibility outside of the park can not be allowed and will result in ignitions being halted in addition to requesting law enforcement assistance with traffic control on impacted roads. NWS Smoke Dispersion ratings of Good to Excellent will be required.

ELEMENT 20: MONITORING

A. Fuels Information (forecast and observed) Required and Procedures:

Live Fuel Moisture measurements/calculations may be taken prior to implementation of unit. However as fuels of concern are light and may be mostly cured out dead fuel moistures will be calculated and broadcast over the radio with the on-site weather conditions. This responsibility will be designated to someone by the prescribed fire burn boss.

B. Weather Monitoring Required and Procedures:

The Burn Boss or designate will take and record on-site weather observations prior to and periodically (as needed) throughout the ignition. These observations along with the spot weather forecast will be used to determine if conditions are within prescription to ignite and continue firing operations. All recorded weather observations will be saved.

C. Fire Behavior Monitoring Required and Procedures:

The Burn Boss or designate will take and record on-site fire behavior observations periodically (as needed) throughout ignition phase of the project. These observations will be

21 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: used to determine if conditions are within prescription.

D. Monitoring Required Ensuring That Prescribed Fire Plan Objectives Are Met:

Prescribed Fire Burn Boss or designee will continually monitor consumption, fire behavior and weather conditions to ensure hazard fuels reduction, natural resource and holding objectives are being met.

E. Smoke Dispersal Monitoring Required and Procedures:

Test fires will indicate if smoke dispersal and wind direction objectives are being met. Test fires will consist of a 50-100 foot backing strip fire at the designated point of ignition for each block. Mixing heights must be a minimum of 3200 feet, transport winds must be a minimum of 12 MPH, and/or smoke dispersion rating must be good to excellent. Any ignition that is not meeting smoke dispersal objectives will be terminated until conditions allow for those objectives to be met. Smoke dispersal information will be obtained from the National Weather Service Office as a part of the spot weather forecast.

ELEMENT 21: POST-BURN ACTIVITIES

A. Post-burn Activities That Must be Completed: Check for and coordinate any damage/rehabilitation needs with KFS and Unified Government Parks and Recreation staff.

APPENDICES

A. Maps: Vicinity and Project B. Technical Review Checklist C. Complexity Analysis D. Job Hazard Analysis E. Organizational Chart F. Fire Behavior Modeling Documentation or Empirical Documentation G. Incident Communication Plan H. Emergency Medical Procedures I. Smoke Management Map

A. MAPS

B. TECHNICAL REVIEWER CHECKLIST PRESCRIBED FIRE PLAN ELEMENTS: S /U COMMENTS Signature page S GO/NO-GO Checklists S Complexity Analysis Summary U See comments in document margin. Description of the Prescribed Fire Area S Very detailed, nice. Goals and Objectives U See comments in document margin. Funding S Prescription S See comments in document margin. Scheduling S Pre-burn Considerations U See comments in document margin Briefing S Organization and Equipment S See comments in document margin. Communication S Public and Personnel Safety, Medical S Good plan. Test Fire S Good plan with continual review. Ignition Plan S See comments on holding forces in Holding Plan S margin. Contingency Plan U See comments on FWS Dozer. Wildfire Conversion S See comments in margins. Smoke Management and Air Quality S Address comments in margin. Monitoring S Post-burn Activities S Appendix A: Maps S Good maps. Make changes as needed to reflect Appendix B: Complexity Analysis S comments in complexity chart. Appendix C: JHA S Appendix D: Fire Prediction Modeling Excellent use of behave runs and common S Runs sense application. Other S = Satisfactory U = Unsatisfactory Recommended for Approval with corrections: Not Recommended for Approval: Please submit a final copy for my files. Do not submit for another review, just address comments. _Fenn E. Wimberly_ _RXB2 / OSC2 - Current _10/23/2010__ Technical Reviewer Qualification and currency (Y/N) Date XX Approval is recommended subject to the completion of all requirements listed in the comments section, or on the Prescribed Fire Plan.

C: COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS

Complexity Rating Worksheet

1. Potential for Escape

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Fuels outside the unit are generally very similar to those inside the unit, and consist of hardwood timber litter and grass fuels. There are some concentrations of heavier fuels in the Low Moderate High vicinity of the units’ perimeter. Topography in the area has the potential to restrict vehicle access to a certain extent. There will be some residual interior burning beyond the ignition day.

Final Rating: Pre-burn unit preparations will include, where appropriate, installation of sections of handline and/or canopy separation chainsaw lines. Type 6 engines, and handcrew personnel will be Low Moderate High utilized in areas where responses to potential escapes could be limited by topography. Mop- up operations will take place 1-3 chains inside the unit perimeter and will commence as soon as is appropriate, potentially immediately after ignition has been completed. However even with these mitigation plans in place the political climate of the project remains this risk as moderate.

Potential Consequences Rationale

Preliminary Rating: An escaped fire has the potential to impact adjacent housing areas, park recreation facilities, and several other structures located on the perimeter of the project area. Low Moderate High All structures in the vicinity of the project are all accessible by holding resources, and Final Rating: additional preparation may be included in pre-burn preparations including: additional fuel reductions and/or installation of handlines, mowlines or wetlines. The holding boss at a Low Moderate High minimum will have the opportunity to scout the structures around the unit.

Technical Difficulty Rationale

Preliminary Rating: A qualified holding boss is required for supervision of holding activities. Most of the areas outside of the unit are easily accessible to holding forces. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Key implementation personnel will either be from the local area or will be given considerable time to orient themselves to the project area prior to implementation. Light engines, UTVs Low Moderate High with water and handcrew personnel will be utilized in areas where responses to potential escapes could be limited by topography. And finally, this project will be implemented under weather conditions normal for the area and time of year.

32 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 2. The Number and Dependency of Activities

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: The ignition phase of the burn unit may require some coordination between multiple ignition teams. Downwind/upslope burn unit perimeter lines will be black-lined by ground personnel Low Moderate High and followed up by interior ignition. Ground forces performing black-lining operations will have to work with holding forces to ensure that ignition does not exceed holding capabilities. Interior ignition will take place once an adequate blackline has been established along the downwind/upslope unit boundary.

Final Rating: As needed, multiple firing bosses and holding bosses will be established to minimize the span of control. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Coordination between ignition and holding resources will be important and will need to be timed appropriately. There is some potential that this coordination could result in Low Moderate High implementation delays potentially compromising project objectives or increasing the risk of an escape. Black-lining operations will be conducted and completed ahead of interior ignitions, thus limiting the risk of an escape fire.

Final Rating: No change

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: The coordination and communication required to implement this project is high because of the potential for multiple ground ignition teams. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: The ignition supervisors will maintain good communication with one another as well as with holding forces. A thorough briefing will take place prior to any firing activities. Holding Low Moderate High resources will also work to protect any structure or value within private properties.

33 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 3. Off-Site Values

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Each off-site value is at high risk given the continuous nature of fuels between the value and the project site. Holding personnel will be assigned to monitor and patrol unit perimeters Low Moderate High during and after ignition activities. Ignition activities will preferably occur with a southern component to the wind, thereby minimizing potential impacts to residence and private lands.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Although immediately adjacent to the project area, the off-site values at risk will require good team coordination, communication and skill to protect. Impact to or loss of any off-site Low Moderate High values at risk will have significant consequences.

Final Rating: Holding resources will be dedicated to ensuring that no fire escapes the unit boundary. Wildland Engine resources will be immediately available to suppress any spot fires or slope- Low Moderate High overs. Structural resources on-call will have the capability to provide any structural protection.

Preliminary Rating: Some technical skill will be required to protect off site values and would require good pre- planning and communications to ensure that an escape fire would be contained quickly. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Overhead fire personnel associated with this project have many years of experience with prescribed fire and have the skills to work safely and efficiently on this project. Project Low Moderate High personnel will be briefed on off-site values at risk and key personnel will have the opportunity to orient themselves to key off-site values. On site/on-call personnel will include structural engines and firefighters, well trained in the skills of structure protection.

34 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 4. On-Site Values

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Some park recreational facilities and some power lines are located within the unit.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: All on-site values will be part of the units’ pre-burn preparation activities, and fuels reductions around each of the on-site power lines will be accomplished. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Damage to the power lines may cause power outages and an additional hazard.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Pre-burn considerations include prepping fuels in the vicinity of the power lines.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Power lines will require special attention in holding for protection.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Pre-burn preparation and recon by key personnel.

Low Moderate High

35 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 5. Fire Behavior

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Fuel models FM10, and FM4 are abundant throughout the unit. Fuel models FM10 fires are surface fires that can move rapidly through the leaf litter and associated material with FM 4 Low Moderate High requiring moderate wind to help carry the fire

Final Rating: Fire behavior will be controlled by operating within prescribed conditions and following the ignition plan. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Unexpected or un-forecasted weather change will result in significant change in fire behavior almost immediately. An increase in fire danger may push on-site Low Moderate High resources beyond holding capabilities. Additionally, the communication and coordination issues of the non-wildfire (i.e. KCKFD) contingency resources being needed causes some additional concern in a high fire behavior event.

Final Rating: Constant communication and continually observe weather conditions

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Standard fire safety precautions are adequate to ensure crew safety. As previously stated, slop overs and spot fires will be minimal if ignition plan and prescription parameters are Low Moderate High followed. Direct attack by on-site holding resources should control any fire outside the unit. Fire behavior will be assessed, but no special calculations will be necessary.

Low Moderate High

36 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 6. Management Organization

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Standard compliment of key personnel- Burn Boss, Firing Boss, Holding Boss. Requires staffing all of the prescribed fire positions with qualified personnel. Staffing may be required Low Moderate High for multiple days.

Final Rating: No Change

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Overhead and crews on the burn are not local, but are experienced and skilled- communications issues are expected to be minimal. However, communication and or Low Moderate High supervisory problems may increase the chance of the fire escaping or impact safety of personnel

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Organization of the project will be larger than normal due to the size, resources adjacent to the project, and public interest therefore more communication and hierarchy issues. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Pre-burn briefing will address the organizational structure and communications channels to be used by each division/group. Low Moderate High

37 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 7. Public and Political Interest

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Previous public and Unified Government (UG) tensions in combination with the uniqueness and novelty of this project to this area has resulted in higher than normal public inquiry, Low Moderate High concern, and potential negative response in the event of an escaped fire from the unit.

Final Rating: Press releases, public meetings, documentation before, during and after the burn along with a PIO on scene during the burn will ease concerns some. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Public in the area have been known to file legal action against UG led actions in the past.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Public has been informed that this is a cooperative project with direct planning and implementation responsibility resting on the KFS, not the UG. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Efforts to educate the public began as long as 12months prior to project implementation with public meetings, news releases, informational handouts, however outside interest the day of Low Moderate High implementation may escalate beyond normal levels experienced by on-scene personnel.

Final Rating: If public interest, protest, or presence poses a threat to fire fighters and/or the public all ignitions will stop until the situation can be mitigated. If necessary, Wyandotte County Low Moderate High Sheriff units in the project area will be asked to move the public out of harms way.

38 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 8. Fire Treatment Objectives

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Safely reduce hazardous fuels loads that have resulted from natural events and fire exclusion. Create a buffer of treated area between the Park landscape and adjacent private ownership to Low Moderate High decrease potential of an unwanted large fire crossing onto private land.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Failure to meet objectives could reduce the effectiveness of protecting the adjacent private lands from unwanted wildfire. Low Moderate High

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Working within prescription parameters while accomplishing sufficient fuel reduction will may take adjustments to firing techniques and/or duration of the project. Burn Boss and/or Low Moderate High Firing Bosses will make adjustments to ignition patterns accordingly to stay within the prescription parameters.

Low Moderate High

39 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 9. Constraints

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: There are minor constraints in relation to the time of year that this project can occur, mitigating smoke impacts and coordination of out of area resources. Tactics and ignition Low Moderate High methods are not significantly constrained.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: If Fall timing does not work out, then late winter or spring is also possible.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Limits on the number of acres that can be ignited in an operational period due to smoke impacts, coordination of out of area resources with needed prescription and weather Low Moderate High parameters may limit available burn days to the point of not accomplishing all objectives.

Low Moderate High

40 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 10. Safety

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Fatigue and exposure to safety risks will be minimized. Public safety will need to be mitigated with signs, notices and on-site information. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Pre-Burn briefing will address firefighter safety issues and how to mitigate them. Good efforts have been made at public education, however public reaction to a project such as this Low Moderate High is largely an unknown in the project area and may pose safety issues for the public and firefighters.

Preliminary Rating: There is heavy public travel around the project area. Non-local resources are slated to be used for this project, and are unfamiliar with the area and local fire behavior. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Traffic control will be in place as needed with assistance from Unified Government resources if needed. Out of area resources will be given every opportunity to become familiar with the Low Moderate High project area and will be briefed on expected fire behavior.

Preliminary Rating: A project of this nature is new to this area and the public may not understand the risks associated with such an activity. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Impacts to public health and safety will need to be mitigated with signs on roadways and an information station near the park entrance. Low Moderate High

41 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 11. Ignition Procedures/Methods

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Hand lighting operation requires certain timing and coordination to achieve objectives. Risks include: one firing team placing another and/or the public at risk. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Firing teams will be coordinated.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Ignition operations must be coordinated with holding personnel so that lighting does not out pace holding and cause safety concerns. Low Moderate High

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: A carefully and well executed ignition plan will be needed.

Low Moderate High

42 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 12. Interagency Constraints

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: State, County, Municipal, Fire District, and NGO personnel all involved in this project.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: While several jurisdictions are involved, planning for this project has been many months and has included most if not all partners for much of that time. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: A breakdown in communications due to differing radio systems could pose safety problems.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: All resources will be given compatible communications equipment for the duration of the project. Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Technical difficulties could arise from the before mentioned communications issues as well as unfamiliarity with local procedures, fuels, and fire behavior. Low Moderate High

Low Moderate High

43 Project Name: WYCO Lake Park Rx Unit Name: 13. Project Logistics

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Most resources will be working away from their home unit/home supply sources.

Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Pre-planning of needs and supply locations will be done.

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Problems or failures related to logistical support could increase the risk of escape, or affect the completion of the project, but not create a safety concern. Low Moderate High

Low Moderate High

Preliminary Rating: Locations of water sources and other supplies may require travel through potentially congested urban traffic areas. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: All supply locations and routes will be identified and travel to and from them will be timed to avoid higher traffic congestion times of day. Low Moderate High

14. Smoke Management

Risk Rationale

Preliminary Rating: Burn unit is in a major metropolitan area with multiple sensitive smoke receptors of both private, commercial, and public ownership. Within the vicinity are US Highways, an Low Moderate High Interstate and several metropolitan expressways and high traffic roads.

Final Rating: The light flashy fuels of this unit will burn quickly. Smoke production should be significantly reduced within twenty-four hours. Some smoldering in the timber may be a concern for Low Moderate High residual smoke. Much of the potential smoke impact will be mitigated by burning on good to excellent smoke dispersal days and avoiding ignitions during high traffic times of day when possible.

Preliminary Rating: Reduction in visibility on congested urban roadways could cause serious automobile accidents. Kansas City, KS has been an EPA designated non-attainment area, impacts on the Low Moderate High air quality monitors could have socio-economic impacts as well as health and safety impacts.

Final Rating: The smoke travel will be monitored and ignitions stopped if an impact to high traffic roadways is anticipated or observed. Timing of this project is outside of the State of Kansas Low Moderate High designated times of year for monitoring air quality impacts from smoke. The environmental conditions of the time of year this project will be conducted should also reduce health impacts.

Preliminary Rating: Monitoring of smoke getting near potential negative impact areas will add to the needed staffing of the project. Low Moderate High

Final Rating: Ignition patters will need to take advantage of topographical features to provide for all possible lift of smoke to get it clear of the potential negative impact areas. The smoke Low Moderate High impacts of only the number of acres that can be reasonably be ignited in the window of the 3- 4 hours of prime prescribed fire conditions will be monitored to assess how many acres can be accomplished while maintaining minimal smoke impacts

D. JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS 1. WORK 2. LOCATION 3. UNIT PROJECT/ACTIVITY Kansas Forest Service Prescribed Fire Kansas City, Kansas n/a 4. NAME OF ANALYST 5. JOB TITLE 6. DATE PREPARED JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA) Jason Hartman Fire Prevention Specialist 09/27/2010 9. ABATEMENT ACTIONS 7. TASKS/PROCEDURES 8. HAZARDS ENGINEERING CONTROLS – SUBSTITUTION - ADMINITSTRATIVE CONTROLS - PPE  Ensure loads are securing before departing – use tie downs.  Unsecured loads  Use safety cans for hauling burn mix or gasoline. Secure  Hauling flammable loose cans. substances  Use proper lifting techniques.  Loading vehicles  Drive cautiously and with lights on. Driving to/from work site  Narrow roads  Keep alert, don’t make sudden swerves, and maintain  Debris or wildlife in road appropriate speed.  Transporting sharp tools  Use tool guards, cages, boxes, or tool mounts.  Fatigue  Provide relief drivers if fatigued. Avoid shifts longer than 16 hrs if possible.  Backing or turning around  Use spotters; avoid tight turn around if possible. in small areas  Maintain radio communication and alert other drivers in the  Heavy truck traffic between area. Lights on. Driving near and around work burn units and water source site  Place a guide on foot ahead of the vehicle or wait until  Poor visibility – smoke smoke is less dense. Lights on.  Parking near prescribed  Leave keys in ignition, windows rolled up. Avoid leaving burn exposed flammables in the bed of vehicle.  Slips and falls, ankle injuries  Eight-inch high, vibram-soled boots required. Avoid slick  Eye injuries areas.  Hearing loss  Use goggles when operating high-pressure nozzles. Equipment set-up and use  Muscle or back strain  Use earplugs or muffs.  Exhaust burns from  Use proper lifting techniques. Get help if too heavy. equipment  Proper PPE, keep hands and body away from muffler.  Loose clothing caught in  Tuck in shirttails, remove scarves and jewelry. mechanized equipment  Use proper containers, handle away from hot areas, no smoking, and use non-sparking mixing paddles for terra torch mix. Use proper grounding procedures.  Exposure to sparks  Use dust masks, gloves, goggles, and leather boots. Mix in  Eye or skin contamination well ventilated areas. from fuel  Use labels on containers, field test small amounts before Handling flammable fuels  Improper gas/diesel ratios use.  Slippery surfaces from  Make every effort to avoid spilling fuel. Install non-slip spilled fuel material on fuel truck beds. Clean up spill as soon as  Eye/skin irritation possible. Use dirt or water to neutralize substance. Use funnels or spouts when filling containers.  Carry eye solution and wash water.  A briefing prior to burning will clarify firing order, Briefing  Lack of Communications organization responsibilities, communications, hazards, weather and expected fire behavior Maintain LCES. Follow the Standard Fire Orders and Watch  Injuries and death from Out Situations. Maintain communications with other Lighters falls, snags, wildlife, Lighters and Firing Boss. Hand held radios shall be provided to all smoke, burns, rolling lighters. Do not fill drip torches near ignition sources. Do not materials spill burn mix on clothing.

Wear PPE. LCES, Follow Standard Fire Orders and Watch out Situations. Receive briefing from Holding and Mop Up Boss. Identify hazards in work area. Flag hazards for Smoke, burns, Falls, others.Use warning lights and provide traffic control on back injuries, wildlife, roadways during smoky and nights operations. Maintaining a snags, rolling material, eye *Holding/Mop Up/Patrol high level of aerobic fitness is one of the best ways to protect injuries. Heat Stress. Crews yourself against heat stress. Dehydration Drink lots of fluids before, during and after work. Periodically CO Poisoning rotate crews from work sites with high smoke levels to areas of less smoke or smoke free areas. Protective clothing and equipment shall be the same as required for firefighting.

E. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Example* Organizational Structure *Actual organization may change based on the specific mix of resources on site

F. FIRE BEHAVIOR MODELING DOCUMENTATION OR EMPIRICAL DOCUMENTATION

G. INCIDENT COMMUNICATION PLAN

1. Incident Name 2. Date/Time 3. Operational Period INCIDENT RADIO WYCO Lake Park Rx Prepared Date/Time COMMUNICATIONS PLAN 4. Basic Radio Channel Utilization RX Freq TX Freq Mode Ch Channel Name Assignment Narrowband (N) or RX Narrowband (N) or RX Digital Remarks # Wideband (W) Tone/NAC Wideband (W) Tone/NAC (D) Analog (A) Multi (M) 1 FERN 1 Tac 1 154.280 154.280 A

2 FERN 2 Tac 2 154.295 154.295 A

3 FERN 3 Tac 3/Log 154.265 154.265 A

4 KFS Fire Command 155.1 88.5 155.1 88.5 A

5 Pleasant Hill Weather NWS 162.55 A

6 V CALL Inter- 155.7525 156.7 155.7525 156.7 A Operability

7 V TAC 1 Contingency Tac 151.1375 156.7 151.1375 156.7 A

8 V TAC 2 Contingency Tac 154.4525 156.7 154.4525 156.7 A

9 V TAC 3 Contingency Tac 158.7375 156.7 158.7375 156.7 A 10 V TAC 4 Contingency Tac 159.4725 156.7 159.4725 156.7 A 11 Air-Ground n/a PICC assigns as needed

12 OPEN

13 OPEN

14 OPEN

15 OPEN

16 OPEN

5. Prepared by (Communications Unit)

H. EMERGENCY MEDICAL PLAN 1. Incident Name 2. Date Prepared 3. Time Prepared 4. Operational Period MEDICAL PLAN Wy Co Lake RX 12/15/2009 1015 Burn 5. Incident Medical Aid Station

Paramedics Medical Aid Stations Location Yes No On site, KFS and PCFD IHC personnel With operational crew(s) X X 6. Transportation A. Ambulance Services

Paramedics Name Address Phone Yes No KCKFD 95th and State 911 X LifeStar of KS Lawrence 1-800-666-9111 X B. Incident Ambulances

Paramedics Name Location Yes No None on site 7. Hospitals

Travel Time Helipad Burn Center Name Address Phone Air Ground Yes No Yes No Providence 91st and Parallel N/a 2 913-596-4180 X (nearest ER for routine emergencies) University of KS 39th and Rainbow 10 20 (913) 588-6500 X X Medical Center (nearest trauma or burn center) 8. Medical Emergency Procedures Burn boss and crew boss or DIVS to be notified immediately. For minor incidents, crew EMT(s) will provide first aid and determine if follow up care is required. Transportation will be coordinated with MEDL (if available, or CRWB) to appropriate follow up facility, and may be via EMS or by crew vehicle, as warranted. For serious or potentially life or limb threatening emergency, EMT(s) and MEDL (if avail, or CRWB) will assume command, call 911, and a KCKFD ALS ambulance will be dispatched. EMT and MEDL will provide initial care until KCKFD arrives, at which point KCKFD, as the EMS authority with jurisdiction will assume responsibility for patient care, including transport mode and destination decisions. Crew personnel may need to be diverted from burning or other activities to assist with carrying patient out, establishing LZ, or other functions. Air transport is unlikely to be utilized due to lack of appropriate landing zones, and the relatively short ground transport time to trauma or burn centers, such that air transport will likely not save meaningful time unless unusual circumstances present themselves

Prepared by (Medical Unit Leader) 10. Reviewed by (Safety Officer) s/s Eric Ward, MEDL, EMTP

I. SMOKE MANAGEMENT MAP