DOCSLIB.ORG

The Controversy Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Controversy Manual Controversy Manual Controversy Climate change, psychiatric drugs, genetically modified organisms, nuclear power, fluoridation, stem cell research — these are just a few of the hundreds of issues involving science and technology that are Controversy Manual vigorously debated. If you care about an issue, how can you be more effective in arguing for your viewpoint Brian Martin and campaigning in support of it? The Controversy Manual offers practical advice for campaigners as well as plenty of information for people who want to better understand what’s happening and to be able to discuss the issues with friends. The Controversy Manual provides information for understanding controversies, arguing against opponents, getting your message out, and defending Brian Martin against attack. Whether experts are on your side or mostly on the side of opponents, you’ll find advice for being more effective. While not taking sides on individual controversies, the emphasis is on fostering fair and open debate and opposing those who use power and manipulation to get their way. The author Brian Martin is professor of social sciences at the University of Wollongong, Australia. He has been involved in and studied scientific and technological controversies since the 1970s, and is the author of numerous publications addressing controversy dynamics. IRENE PUBLISHING ISBN 978-1-291-67241-1 90000 9 781291 672411 Ω Irene Publishing The controversy manual Brian Martin Published 2014 by Irene Publishing Sparsnäs, Sweden http://www.irenepublishing.com/ [email protected] ISBN 978–1–291–67241–1 CONTENTS BRIEF VERSION 1. Introduction 15 2. Understanding controversies 21 3. Arguing 153 4. Communicating 261 5. Working together 301 6. Taking action 335 7. Defending 377 8. Being principled 419 Appendices 443 Index 460 4 The controversy manual Controversy summaries Climate change 18 Fluoridation 150 Genetically modified organisms 258 Nuclear power 298 Smoking 332 Vaccination 374 Note about images All the images used in the controversy summaries were found by searching on the web. None of them indicated a credit to a photographer or artist. When an image was on the site of a commercial or professional organisation, I wrote asking permission to use the image, but received no replies. In scientific controversies, many campaigners seem to feel free to use whatever resources are available, with little concern for giving credit to creators. The result is that images circulate widely and it becomes difficult to trace the original source. On some controversies, I found it a challenge to find suitable images for both sides. For example, there are vast numbers of graphics available on the hazards of GMOs, and relatively few on the benefits. Even when using search terms like “benefits of GMOs” or “safety of GMOs,” a majority of the images that come up are opposed to GMOs. This might reflect the relative ease of symbolising danger compared to safety or economic gains, or perhaps the enthusiasm of citizen campaigners for using pictures to get their message across. Contents 5 CONTENTS DETAILED VERSION Acknowledgements 14 1. Introduction 15 2. Understanding controversies 21 • 2.1 What is a scientific controversy? 21 Science and technology 22 What are people arguing about? 23 • 2.2 Coherent viewpoints 26 Paradigms 29 • 2.3 Evidence 31 Statistics 33 • 2.4 Undone science 42 • 2.5 Hidden research 46 • 2.6 Bias in research 47 Technical assumptions 50 Selective use of evidence 52 Selective use of uncertainties 53 6 The controversy manual Selective use of results 56 Referring to alternative arguments 58 Mood of a paper 60 Summary; table on how to foster bias 61 • 2.7 The onus of proof 65 Shifting the onus of proof 68 • 2.8 Truth 70 • 2.9 Who is involved? 71 • 2.10 Scientists 74 Arrogance and the myth of talent 81 Political naiveté 85 Career situation 89 • 2.11 Interests 90 Conflicts of interest 94 Left, right, conservative, radical 96 • 2.12 Entrenched technology 100 • 2.13 How controversies proceed 103 Active and inactive periods 103 Local and global dimensions 105 Why controversies continue 108 Resolving controversies 112 Contents 7 • 2.14 Why people get involved 116 • 2.15 Commitment 121 • 2.16 The media 122 • 2.17 Understanding commentaries 130 Advocacy 131 Play-by-play 131 Wrong belief 132 Ideological 135 Symmetrical 137 What to look for 139 • 2.18 Learning about an issue 140 Reading 140 Discussing 144 Writing 148 3. Arguing 153 • 3.1 Arguing: factors to consider 156 Key issues 156 What works? 157 The standard agenda 157 Links to values 158 8 The controversy manual Robustness 158 Ease of explanation 159 Who speaks? 160 Putting it all together 161 The experimental approach 161 Pathologies of arguing 162 • 3.2 Framing 164 • 3.3 Responding 170 Know the context 172 Responding to an article 176 • 3.4 Deconstruction 179 What’s missing? 180 What’s wrong? 181 What’s misleading? 182 Are there double standards? 184 What assumptions are made? 185 What value judgements are involved? 188 What is unquestioned? 189 3.5 Countering deconstruction 190 Some background on deconstruction 190 Conspiracy theories 195 Contents 9 Debunking 201 • 3.6 Claiming scientific status 204 • 3.7 Dealing with experts 208 When experts are on the other side 208 When experts are on your side 219 • 3.8 Endorsements 224 Obtain counter-endorsements 227 Deconstruct endorsements 228 Discredit endorsements 230 Discredit authority in general 231 Promote citizen participation 232 Dealing with endorsements: how? 233 Unwelcome endorsements 234 • 3.9 Inoculation? 236 • 3.10 Values 240 • 3.11 Emotions 243 • 3.12 Lying 249 Aspects of lying 250 Lying in controversies: the role of paradigms 252 Confirmation bias 254 Lying by omission 254 10 The controversy manual Cynical operators and true believers 255 Dealing with deception 256 4. Communicating 261 • 4.1 Scientific papers 262 • 4.2 Advertisements 265 • 4.3 Talks 268 • 4.4 Mass media coverage 270 News values 270 Balance 272 Vested interests 275 Defamation 277 • 4.5 Online 278 Websites 278 Website conflicts 280 Social media 281 Open online forums 283 • 4.6 The opponents’ communication 285 Monckton and free speech 286 Censorship backfire 287 Replying to Lomborg 291 Contents 11 • 4.7 To debate or not to debate? 293 5. Working together 301 • 5.1 Set up a group? 301 • 5.2 Groups versus networks 302 • 5.3 Organisational functioning 309 • 5.4 Decision-making 314 • 5.5 Names 317 • 5.6 Core operations 318 • 5.7 Front groups and captured groups 319 • 5.8 An ideal group? 321 • 5.9 Core members and newcomers 323 • 5.10 Task and maintenance functions 325 • 5.11 Shaming 326 • 5.12 Going solo 329 6. Taking action 335 • 6.1 Lobbying 335 • 6.2 Petitions 342 • 6.3 Electoral politics 345 • 6.4 Rallies 349 12 The controversy manual • 6.5 Strikes, bans and boycotts 353 • 6.6 Sabotage 357 • 6.7 Organising 358 • 6.8 Personal contacts 363 The relationship 365 The approach 365 Openness 367 Winning the argument 369 • 6.9 The long haul 372 7. Defending 377 • 7.1 Attacks 377 • 7.2 Attacks on scientists 379 • 7.3 Responding to attack 384 • 7.4 Outrage management 394 Expose the action 398 Validate the target 401 Interpret the events as an injustice 403 Avoid or discredit official channels. Instead, mobilise support 405 Resist intimidation and rewards 407 Contents 13 • 7.5 Physical violence 408 • 7.6 Radical flanks 412 • 7.7 Surveillance and infiltrators 416 8. Being principled 419 • 8.1 Being honest 420 • 8.2 Supporting free speech 426 • 8.3 Being open 429 • 8.4 Being courteous 431 • 8.5 Fostering deliberation 432 • 8.6 Seeking solutions 438 Appendices Appendix 1. My background 443 Appendix 2. Scholarly studies of controversies 449 Appendix 3. Are you projecting? 454 Index 460 14 The controversy manual Acknowledgements I wrote this book in a slow-but-steady fashion using the approach of Robert Boice and Tara Gray, which made it much easier than it might otherwise have been.1 As part of the process, over several years I presented extracts of text to members of the high-output writing group in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Wollongong. For helpful textual comments, I thank Paula Arvela, Zoë Barker, Anu Bissoonauth-Bedford, Trent Brown, Scott Burrows, Narelle Campbell, Kathy Flynn, Xiaoping Gao, Frank Huang, Anneleis Humphries, Cecilia Leong-Salobir, Nicola Marks, Michael Matteson, Anne Melano, Ben Morris, Julia Najjar, Terumi Narushima, Hung Nguyen, Swati Parashar, Florencia Peña, Jenn Phillips, Kirsti Rawstron, Frances Steel, Min Tao, Sue Turnbull, Rowena Ward and Tshering Yangden. Many individuals provided feedback on chapters, sections or case studies, verified the accuracy of citations to their work, or discussed issues with me. Thanks to Liisa Antilla, Chris Barker, Sharon Beder, Joel Best, Dave Blatt, Sharon Callaghan, Lyn Carson, Simon Chapman, Mark Fenster, Richard Gosden, Jim Green, Ned Groth, Richard Halvorsen, Elizabeth Hart, Jim Jasper, Daniel Kleinman, Melissa Raven, Jerry Ravetz, Richard Somerville and Wendy Varney. Some others are acknowledged at specific places in the text. Thanks especially to Mark Diesendorf and Adrienne Samuels for extensive valuable comments. Finally, I have learned an incredible amount from activists, colleagues, correspondents, researchers and writers over many decades. 1 Robert Boice, Advice for New Faculty Members: Nihil Nimus (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2000); Tara Gray, Publish & Flourish: Become a Prolific Scholar (New Mexico: Teaching Academy, New Mexico State University, 2005). 1 Introduction The Controversy Manual is designed for participants in scientific controversies — climate change, nuclear power, genetic engineering, vaccination, or whatever. The book is intended to be practical, offering ideas for engaging in debate. Others, including citizens, journalists and students, may also find it useful for understanding what goes on in controversies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Media Democracy Movement Comm 130F San Jose State U Dr
    Case Study: Media Democracy Movement Comm 130F San Jose State U Dr. T.M. Coopman Okay for non-commercial use with attribution This Case Study This case study is a brief overview of a specific social movement and is designed to familiarize students with major large scale social movements. Media Democracy The Media Democracy Movement is not quite as significant as other movements we have examined, but it is important because it has grown along side and as a part of movements. Movements always create or try to influence or utilize the media. Media Democracy recognizes the pivotal role of media in the political process and recognizes that a commercial or state run media system will always side with incumbent power. Media democracy has two broad areas of focus (1) to reform and regulate existing media and (2) create viable alternative media. Media Democracy An central tenant of Media Democracy American mainstream media has an is corporate ownership and commercial investment in the status quo and tends demands influence media content, to vilify, mock, or ignore people and limiting the range of news, opinions, and organizations that fall outside its entertainment. definitions of what is legitimate. Jim Kuyper’s argues that most media The media is comprised of individuals operates with a narrow “liberal” and organizations that are self- comfort zone that cuts out discourse interested - the primary goal is most on the left and right. often profit - not fostering democracy. It is also notorious blind to this self- Advocates agitate for a more equal interest. distribution of economic, social, cultural, and information capital.
    [Show full text]
  • A Submission to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission
    Roman Oszanski A Submission to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission Preamble I have chosen not to follow the issues papers: their questions are more suited to those planning to expand the nuclear industry, and many of the issues raised are irrelevant if one believes that, based on the evidence, the industry should be left to die a natural death, rather than being supported to the exclusion of more promising technologies. Executive Summary The civil nuclear industry is in decline globally. [Ref charts on existing reactors, rising costs]. It is not an industry of the future, but of the past. If it were not for the intimate connection to the military industry, it would not exist today. There is no economic advantage to SA in expanding the existing industry in this state. Nuclear power does not offer a practical solution to climate change: total lifetime emissions are likely to be (at best) similar to those of gas power plants, and there is insufficient uranium to replace all the goal fired generators. A transition to breeder technologies leaves us with major problems of waste disposal and proliferation of weapons material. Indeed, the problems of weapons proliferation and the black market in fissionable materials mean that we should limit sales of Uranium to countries which are known proliferation risks, or are non- signatories to the NNPT: we should ban sales of Australian Uranium to Russia and India. There is a current oversupply of enrichment facilities, and there is considerable international concern at the possibility of using such facilities to enrich Uranium past reactor grade to weapons grade.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Ideological Analysis of Mass Mediated Language
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2006 Democracy, Hegemony, and Consent: A Critical Ideological Analysis of Mass Mediated Language Michael Alan Glassco Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Glassco, Michael Alan, "Democracy, Hegemony, and Consent: A Critical Ideological Analysis of Mass Mediated Language" (2006). Master's Theses. 4187. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4187 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEMOCRACY, HEGEMONY, AND CONSENT: A CRITICAL IDEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MASS MEDIA TED LANGUAGE by Michael Alan Glassco A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College in partial fulfillment'of the requirements for the Degreeof Master of Arts School of Communication WesternMichigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2006 © 2006 Michael Alan Glassco· DEMOCRACY,HEGEMONY, AND CONSENT: A CRITICAL IDEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MASS MEDIATED LANGUAGE Michael Alan Glassco, M.A. WesternMichigan University, 2006 Accepting and incorporating mediated political discourse into our everyday lives without conscious attention to the language used perpetuates the underlying ideological assumptions of power guiding such discourse. The consequences of such overreaching power are manifestin the public sphere as a hegemonic system in which freemarket capitalism is portrayed as democratic and necessaryto serve the needs of the public. This thesis focusesspecifically on two versions of the Society of ProfessionalJournalist Codes of Ethics 1987 and 1996, thought to influencethe output of news organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Sounding the Last Mile: Music and Capital Punishment in the United States Since 1976
    SOUNDING THE LAST MILE: MUSIC AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1976 BY MICHAEL SILETTI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Jeffrey Magee, Chair and Director of Research Professor Gayle Magee Professor Donna A. Buchanan Associate Professor Christina Bashford ABSTRACT Since the United States Supreme Court reaffirmed the legality of the death penalty in 1976, capital punishment has drastically waxed and waned in both implementation and popularity throughout much of the country. While studying opinion polls, quantitative data, and legislation can help make sense of this phenomenon, careful attention to the death penalty’s embeddedness in cultural, creative, and expressive discourses is needed to more fully understand its unique position in American history and social life. The first known scholarly study to do so, this dissertation examines how music and sound have responded to and helped shape shifting public attitudes toward capital punishment during this time. From a public square in Chicago to a prison in Georgia, many people have used their ears to understand, administer, and debate both actual and fictitious scenarios pertaining to the use of capital punishment in the United States. Across historical case studies, detailed analyses of depictions of the death penalty in popular music and in film, and acoustemological research centered on recordings of actual executions, this dissertation has two principal objectives. First, it aims to uncover what music and sound can teach us about the past, present, and future of the death penalty.
    [Show full text]
  • Wicked: the Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West Aware She Was in Town
    Eckhart Cover.indd 1 3/5/07 3:43:31 PM Process CyanProcess MagentaProcess YellowProcess Black W icked Judith Regan revolutionized the book industry—but that was before she signed O.J. and descended into Los Angeles When everything began to go haywire over at publisher Ju- dith Regan’s company in November, six months after she’d moved her imprint to Los Angeles from New York, her book catalog lay tucked away in offi ces, on desk p iles and in trash bins. On its cover was a black-and-white still from an obscure 1930 fi lm called Madam Satan. It featured a woman in a glit- tering mask and a velvet gown lounging on a couch, a lit ciga- rette in her left hand. On the catalog’s third and fourth pages was an aerial midnight view of Los Angeles. Madam Satan, it followed, was touching down. ¶ It was an image that Regan had been propagating for years in Manhattan. The femme fa- tale of the publishing world, she had been turning heads—not to mention stomachs—since starting at Simon & Schuster in 1987. Books by Rush Limbaugh and Howard Stern were early hits. They made Regan famous for injecting a tabloid sensibility into the staid and insular publishing industry. In 1994, Rupert Murdoch gave Regan a multimedia deal that She also became known for her abrasive and provocative included her own imprint, opportunities to develop fi lm and personality. “One of the 50 most loathsome New Yorkers,” TV projects, and her own television talk show. She contin- pronounced the New York Press.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eye of the Storm. an Integral Perspective on Sustainable
    The Eye of the Storm An Integral Perspective on Sustainable Development and Climate Change Response Christopher Riedy Institute for Sustainable Futures University of Technology, Sydney Thesis submitted for the PhD in Sustainable Futures May 2005 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP/ORIGINALITY I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of Candidate _________________________________________________ Acknowledgements The thesis I present here is the culmination of a long journey that has taken many twists and turns. I have many people to thank for their guidance and support along that journey. My supervisors have each contributed in their own way. Mark Diesendorf, my original supervisor, provided the vision that began the journey and introduced me to academic research. It was Mark’s idea to investigate subsidies to fossil fuel production and consumption in Australia. My initial work on subsidies benefited greatly from Mark’s experience. My second supervisor, Chloe Mason, introduced me to the social sciences and to the rigour required of an academic. The lessons were difficult at the time but valuable in hindsight. Indirectly, Chloe taught me to pursue my own research path. My current supervisor, Professor Stuart White, gave me the freedom to pursue that path and my work flourished under his supervision.
    [Show full text]
  • Authority, Gender, and Representation by Louis Montrose
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of Summer 2007 Review of The Subject of Elizabeth: Authority, Gender, and Representation by Louis Montrose Carole Levin University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Levin, Carole, "Review of The Subject of Elizabeth: Authority, Gender, and Representation by Louis Montrose" (2007). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 58, Number 2, Summer 2007, pp. 248-249; DOI: 10.1353/shq.2007.0027 Copyright 2007 The Folger Library; published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Used by permission. 248 ShaKespeare quarterly who wrote the scribblings. The authors once again are unable to argue that any of the handwriting is Sir Henry Neville’s (their discussion of handwriting styles [239–40] is typically confused), and there is no reason to think that the scribbled name “Nevill” refers to him. It is more likely to refer to a different branch of the family related to the earls of Northumberland, in whose papers the manuscript was found. Katherine Neville was the mother of Henry Percy, the “wizard earl,” who held the title when this manuscript was compiled. Further examples of problems with this train wreck of a book could be multi- plied almost indefinitely.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of a Christian and a State Institution of Higher Education
    A COMPARISON OF A CHRISTIAN AND A STATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG ATHLETES A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education Liberty University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education By Lori A. Robertson July 2008 ii A COMPARISON OF A CHRISTIAN AND A STATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG ATHLETES by Lori A. Robertson APPROVED: COMMITTEE CHAIR Leonard W. Parker, Ed. D. COMMITTEE MEMBERS Jack Beckman, Ph. D. Douglas Sizemore, Ph. D. CHAIR, GRADUATE STUDIES Scott B. Watson, Ph. D. iii ABSTRACT Lori A. Robertson. A COMPARISON OF A CHRISTIAN AND A STATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG ATHLETES. (Under the direction of Dr. Leonard W. Parker) School of Education, July 2008. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the relationship between religiosity and academic dishonesty among intercollegiate athletes at a private Christian college and a state university. This study also examined the level of academic dishonesty and the level of religiosity among intercollegiate athletes at both institutions. The researcher administered a questionnaire to 163 intercollegiate athletes. The questionnaire included 17 cheating behaviors and several subscales of religiosity (overall religiosity, intrinsic religiosity, organizational religiosity, and non-organizational religiosity). A significant difference was found in the level of religiosity between the athletes in the two schools. However, no significant difference was found in the level of academic dishonesty between institutions. Religiosity was a moderate predictor of academic dishonesty at the Christian college.
    [Show full text]
  • Kent1175518380.Pdf (1.54
    COYLE, JAMES E., JR., Ph.D., May 2007 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY WIKIS IN THE COLLEGE CLASSROOM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ONLINE AND FACE-TO-FACE GROUP COLLABORATION AT A PRIVATE LIBERAL ARTS UNIVERSITY (260 pp.) Co-Directors of Dissertation: Drew Tiene, Ph.D. Albert L. Ingram, Ph.D. Wikis are Web-based online software programs that allow any user to add, edit, or delete content on a Wiki web page. Because of their relative simplicity and their interactive nature, Wikis are potentially effective tools for online collaborative group work, a type of activity frequently used in online distance education. This study examined online Wiki collaboration compared to more conventional face-to-face group collaboration in higher education. The study participants were juniors and seniors taking a senior-level broadcast communications course. They were divided into two groups, and each group collaborated on writing reports using both conventional face-to-face collaboration methods and collaboration using the Wiki function in Moodle course management software. Following completion of the reports, professional subject matter experts rated the quality of the reports according to specified content and format criteria. The study’s research questions addressed (1) benefits and obstacles experienced in face-to-face collaboration; (2) benefits and obstacles experienced in Wiki-based group collaboration; (3) whether there was a difference between Wiki group collaboration and face-to-face group collaboration in terms of the quality of the final product; and (4) whether there was a difference in students’ experiences of learning and sense of community after Wiki-based collaboration and face-to-face collaboration assignments.
    [Show full text]
  • STANDING COMMITTEE on ENVIRONMENT and ENERGY PO Box 6021 Parliament House CANBERRA Canberra ACT 2600
    From: dominic wy kanak To: Committee, Environment (REPS) Subject: Prerequisites for nuclear energy in Australia, Standing Ctee Environment and Energy, Inquiry Submission Date: Tuesday, 20 August 2019 1:24:01 PM STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY PO Box 6021 Parliament House CANBERRA Canberra ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6277 4580 Fax: +61 2 6277 8463 [email protected] Submissioner: CR Dominic WYKanak, Deputy Mayor, boondiboondi Bondi Ward, Waverley Council INQUIRY INTO THE PREREQUISITES FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA, 2019 August 20 Dear Standing Committee on Environment and Energy 1. This Submissioner asks that the Committee apply an Aboriginal First Nations Indigenous ‘Sovreignty’ lens to all the Committee’s Terms of Reference for this Inquiry (listed below), and seek as a fundamental prerequisite the views and Approval of the First Nations Peoples of Australia. As Custodians, Descendants of Our Commonwealth’s First Nations Peoples should decide if there should be any change to the moratoriums currently preventing an expansion of the nuclear industry in Australia. 1.1 Inquiry Terms of Reference: a. waste management, transport and storage, b. health and safety, c. environmental impacts, d. energy affordability and reliability, e. economic feasibility, f. community engagement, g. workforce capability, h. security implications, i. national consensus, and j. any other relevant matter. 1.3 The Terms of Reference, ToR, impact on the lives of all Australians, but in recent Times it is the Aboriginal Islander First Nations KomMuNitYs that have had to deal with the resource extractions and potential waste dumps for the nuclear industry, so without First Nations Consensus the National Consensus mentioned at ToR I is void.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Sellers
    Copyright © 2006 by THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW December 24, 2006 The New York Times Best Sellers This Last Weeks This Last Weeks Week FICTIONWeek On List Week NONFICTION Week On List FOR ONE MORE DAY, by Mitch Albom. (Hyperion, 311 THE AUDACITY OF HOPE, by Barack Obama. 28 1 $21.95.) A troubled man gets a last chance to recon- 1 (Crown, $25.) The Illinois junior senator proposes that nect and restore his relationship with his dead mother. Americans move beyond their political divisions. NEXT, by Michael Crichton. (HarperCollins, $27.95.) 22 THE INNOCENT MAN, by John Grisham. (Doubleday, 19 2 The author of “Jurassic Park” describes a not-too-dis- 2 $28.95.) Grisham’s first nonfiction book concerns a man tant future when genetic engineering runs amok. sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit. CROSS, by James Patterson. (Little, Brown, $27.99.) 14 CULTURE WARRIOR, by Bill O’Reilly. (Broadway, $26.) 311 3 Alex Cross, retired from the F.B.I., has a chance to 3 The host of “The O’Reilly Factor” describes a culture track a rapist who may have murdered his wife. war between traditionalists and secular-progressives. DEAR JOHN, by Nicholas Sparks. (Warner, $24.99.) 46 MARLEY & ME, by John Grogan. (Morrow, $29.95 and 460 4 An unlikely romance between a soldier and an idealis- 4 $21.95.) A newspaper columnist and his wife learn tic young woman is tested in the aftermath of 9/11. some life lessons from their neurotic dog. * TREASURE OF KHAN, by Clive Cussler and Dirk Cus- 52 PALESTINE PEACE NOT APARTHEID, by Jimmy 73 5 sler.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Academy of Clinical Sexologists the Correlation of Sexual Frequency and Relationship Satisfaction Among Lesbians A
    1 THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CLINICAL SEXOLOGISTS THE CORRELATION OF SEXUAL FREQUENCY AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AMONG LESBIANS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CLINICAL SEXOLOGISTS IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY MICHELE O’MARA ORLANDO, FLORIDA 2012 2 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..………………………………………….......................... i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ………………………………………….......................... ii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………..…….……………..................... x 2. A BRIEF LOOK AT LESBIAN HISTORY………….……………………… x 3. INTRODUCTION TO STUDY………………..………………………….…. xx Research Method Recruitment The Sample 4. DEFINING LESBIAN SEX ………………..………………………….…… xx Influential Books About Lesbian Sex Defining Lesbian Sex 5. SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF LESBIANS…………….......................................... xx Human Sexual Response Cycle The Sexual Behaviors of Lesbians Masturbation Orgasms Open Relationships Among Lesbians 6. SEXUAL FREQUENCY AMONG LESBIANS..................................................... xx Lesbian Bed Death Sexual Frequency of Lesbians 7. CHARACTERISTICS MOST VALUED IN LESBIAN RELATIONSHIPS ... xx Overview of Relationship Characteristics and their Importance to Lesbians 3 The Importance of Sex to Lesbians How often is Sex the Cause for Leaving a Relationship? 8. CHANGES IN LESBIAN SEXUAL FREQUENCY OVER TIME……. xxx Changes in Sexual Frequency Causes for Decline in Sexual Frequency 9. LESBIAN RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION………………………... xxx Overall Relationship Satisfaction Levels Sexual Frequency and Relationship Satisfaction 10. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………. xxx REFERENCE LIST……..…………………………………………………….. xxx 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have much appreciation for many people who have been instrumental in the development of this project. To Dr. Charlayne Grenci, I give special thanks for her invaluable guidance and leadership. She provided consistent support and feedback during every step of the process. Her attention to detail, combined with her persistence, and her desire for perfection, encouraged me to be my best.
    [Show full text]