Biology: Midterm Review (January 2013)

Biology: Midterm Review (January 2015) REVISED

Know the concepts associated with the following terms Cells Structure and Function –

Cell organelles and their function Comparing plant and animal cells A. nucleus

B. ribosome

C. lysosome

D. Golgi

E. mitochondrion

F. vacuole

G. endoplasmic reticulum- smooth and rough

H. cell membrane

I. cytoskeleton

J. chromosomes

K. Nucleolus

L. Cilia

M. flagella N. Chloroplast Prokaroytic vs. Eukaryotic Differences and similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms Cell Membrane/ Cell Transport

A. passive transport

B. Diffusion

C. Osmosis D. Facilitated diffusion

E. Examples of Active Transport

F. Hypertonic

G. Hypotonic

H. Isotonic

I. semipermeable

J. impermeable

K. exocytosis

L. cytolysis

M. plasmolysis

N. solute

O. solvent

P. solution

Q. concentration gradient

R. carrier molecules

S. Hydrophilic

T. Hydrophobic

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

A. Chlorophyll

B. Stroma.

C. Granum

D. Photosystem

E. Thylakoid

F. plant pigments

G. heterotrophs/consumers H. autotrophs/producers

I. photolysis

J. electron transport chain

K. Calvin cycle/light independent reaction – reactants/products

L. light dependent reaction –reactants/products

M. names /roles of molecules in photosynthesis

N. Glycolysis

O. Kreb’s Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle

P. Lactic Acid Fermentation

Q. Alcohol Fermentation

R. Aerobic/anaerobic respiration

Biological Molecules

A. Organic Compound

B. Monomer

C. Polymer

D. Carbohydrate

E. Monosaccharide/disaccharide/polysaccharide

F. Lipid- general characteristics and examples

G. Proteins - general characteristics and examples

H. Enzymes and their characteristics- Catalase

I.. Glycogen

J. Functional groups- carboxyl, amino/amine, hydrocarbon or fatty acid chain, hydroxyl, and glycerol

K. dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions

L. Denatured

M. Active site N. Substrate

O. Catalyst

P. isomer

Q. Coenzyme

R. iodine test

S. Benedicts Solution

Graphing A. independent variable

B. dependent variable

C. interpolate

D. discrete data

E. continuous data

Microscope parts and functions A. eyepiece

B. arm

C. base

D. coarse adjustment knob

E. fine adjustment knob

F. diaphragm

G. light source

Cell Cycle

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase Cytokinesis

Mitosis

Spindle fingers sister chromatids

Know the following:

1. Examples of how form follows function.

2. Characteristics of plants and animal cells (compare and contrast)

3. Structure of the cell membrane and the major functions of membranes in general. Fluid Mosiac Model. Explain how molecules move across a cell membrane.

4. Structure of ATP