/ z

Jpn.J. syst.Ent.. 9(2): 159-169. November30, 2003 Studieson the Pupal Mosquitoesof Japan (9) •) 4: 542-550. Lutzia, with Establishment of Two New Subgenera, • Attn. l•l•g.nat. Metalutzia and Insulalutzia (Diptera, Culicidae) 2), 9(34): 29-30. LEos, 22:!7-30ß confirmed (Insecru Kazuo TANAKA Minamidai,2-1-39-208, Sagamiharacity, 228-0814 Japan ßa neV½sul•apecies. Abstract The pupaeof threeJapanese of the genusLutzia aredescribed and their 99--1 11.(In Japa~ taxonomiccharacters are discussed. A key andchaetotaxy tables for all speciesare prepared. Lutzia is treatedhere as a genusrather than as a subgenusof Culex. A new subgenus •opt.). Zod.Mug., Metalutzia is eslablishedfor Lutziafuscana, Lt. halifaxii, Lt. tigripesand Lt. vorax, and anothernew subgenusInsulalutzia for Lt. shinonagai.A keyto thethree subgenera of Lutzia ds.) Ins. Eacyclop. is given.Lt. voraxis resurrectedfrom synonymywith Lt. halifaxii. Mug.. Japan,51: Lutzia wasestablished by THEOBALD,1903, as a distinctgenus (originally spelled as Vstr.Ins. Japan,2: Liitzia) for a Mexicanspecies, Culex bigotii. EDWARDSfollowed him in 1921 and 1922, but in 1932 he sankit to a subgenusof Culex.All later authorsapparently have adopted ;anges of acienfific (In Japanese,with EDWARDS'treatment of 1932.BELKIN, 1962, statedthat Lutzia mightbe a very ancient derivativeof Culex.TANAKA eta/., 1979,expressed their viewthat its morphological :ds.), Ico•ogr.Ins. modificationswere moredistinct than in theother subgeneraof Culex, andit wasmore ,tera,Teltigonidae). reasonableto considerLutzia as a genus.In this paper, following the suggestionof TANAKAet aL, 1979, I treatLutzia as an independentgenus. KNIGHT and STONE,1977, )tera,Tetligoniidae) listed21 subgeneraand 718 speciesunder the genusCulex. Many of thesesubgenera are ith English summa- morphologicallyvery well defined.Not only Lutzia but also other subgeneraof the apanese.) genusCulex shouldhave their statusreevaluated. o. (In Japanese.) The genusLutzia consistsof two speciesfrom Central and SouthAmerica (Lt. ß 1-10. T6k6shoin, aIlostigmaand Lt. bigotii),three species from Asiaand Australasia, and one species from )): 1906-1909.(In Africa. As statedby EDWARDS,1932, they are distinctlydivided into Americanand Africa-Asia-Australasiangroups. Though not sothought by EDWARDS,1932, thesetwo rigisU,Nara, (74): groupsare no doubt of different stockand may deserveto be ranked as subgenera. CHRISTOPHERS,1906, proposedJamesia for the Africa-Asia-Australasiangroup (type- . (In Japanese.) species:Culex concolor = Culexfuscanus), but the nameappears to havebeen preoccu- ßIcon. Ins. Japon., piedby JECKEL,1861 (after KNXGHTand STONE, 1977). Thus, a newname is necessary .,ttigonia Linnaeus for theAfrica-Asia-Australasian group and I herepropose MetaIutzia. TANAKAet al., 1979,described Cx. (Lut.) shinonagaifrom Ogasawara-gunt6(the town o• new genera ndon, 199_3: 492- BoninIslands). The taxonomicpeculiarity of theadult and of thisspecies was fully discussedby them.In this study,the pupaof thisspecies was found to be quit• distinct .. Mug. ]Vat. Hist., from that of Lt.fuscana and Lt. vorax,while thoseof thesetwo speciesas well asAfri- can Lt. tigripes (after EDWARDS,1941) are difficult to distinguishfrom each other. no, (I): 35-61. (In Therefore,a separatetreatment for Lt. shinonagaiis reasonable,and a new subgenus Insulalutziais presentedin thispaper. epictuber12, 2003] Accordingto REINERT'Sprinciple (1975), I proposethe abbreviation,"Lt.," for the genusLutzia, "Mlt." for the subgenusMetalutzia, and"llt." for lnsulalutzia. The principlesand methods of thisstudy follow TANAKA, 1999 and TANAKA, 2001. I amindebted to Mr. EdwardS. SAUGSTADfor reviewingthe manuscript.

1) The 8th paperof thisseries was published inMed. Entotnol.Zool. 54 (1): 105-111, 2003. 160 KazuoTANAKA

Metalutzia, a new subgenus of Lutzia short, with a inwards, with Type species:Lutzia vorax EDWA•S, 1921, from Japan.Lt. fuscana(Wua:a•51ANN, 1820), Lt. halifaxii (THrUBALD,1903), andLt. tigripes(G•Pgg et CHARMOY,1901) belong to thissubgenus.

Insulalutzia, a new subgenus of Lutzia 1. Seta 1-I separatec Type species:Culex (Lutzia) shinonagaiTA•JCA, MrSSAWn et SAmSTAD,1979, from Ogasawara-guntfi 9-II•VI (theBonin Islands).Monotypic. two brat

corner n The subgeneraLutzia, Metalutzia and lnsutalutziacan be distinguishedfrom each - Seta 1-I other by the following key. approxin and nev. Key to Subgenera of the Genus Lutzia strongly corner r; 1. Adult: wing pale marked; tarsi pale banded.Larva: seta6-C far anteriadof 5-C 2. Longest and at level of 4- and 7-C; 11- and 13-C approximated;dorsomentum with median toothbifid, the total numberof teeth 14-18; siphonlonger than saddle,with 1-S of - Longest smooth, multibranched subventral setae...... Subg.Lut•:ia (Central andSouth American species) - Adult: wing entirely dark scaled;tarsi withoutpale band. Larva: seta6-C posterl- ad of 5-C; 11- and 13-C widely separated;dorsomentum with mediantooth unicus- pid, the total number of teeth 9-11 (usually9); siphonshorter than or at most as long as saddle, I-S of barbed, 1-3 branchedmidventral setae ...... 2 EDWARDS,1921 2. Adult: prealararea with a scalepatch below knob; c• palpuswith numerous,con- spicuous,long apicalbristles. Pupa: seta5-1I mesadof 4-II; 9-II-VI blunt-tipped; Trumpe segmentVIII with posterolateralcorner rather sharplyproduced. Larva: pecten Trumpe- extendingnearly whole length of siphpon,with teethrather broadly spaced ...... trumpet. Set• ...... Subg.Metatutzia nov.(Asian, Australasian and African species) with microsc - Adult: prealar areawithout scale patch; c• palpuswithout conspicuous, long apical the sterna, t• hrletlt-e P•' e•t• K_ITI•t•r-nct c•f All; O--ll•SJIru•int•rl_tinn•ct •q Q--I; segment ments; dors VIII with posterolateralcorner not produced.Larva: pectenrestricted to middle intersegment.' one third, with teeth closelyspaced ...... segment,and ...... Subg.Insulalutzia nov. (A speciesendemic to Ogasawara-gunt6) of tergum I, long as or lc Genus Lutzia THEOBALD thick stem a anterolaterad THF_.OBALD,1903, Monogr. Culicid. 3: 155. Type species:Culex bigotii B•LAS•D•from Mexico. most often 'I( than 6-II; 3- Dorsalapotome with eachlobe moreor lesssquarely semicircular; lateralia usually tergum III; with feebletrace of facetsof compoundeye. Trumpet with tracheoidventrally near base; setae 6. Seta pinna 1/3-1/2 as long as trumpet.All cephalothoracicsetae weak and shorterthan trum- them; the lot pet; 2- and 3-C approximated;6-C shortestof all cephalothoracicsetae; 8-C slightly l-III but tra caudadof level of trumpetbase. Abdominal terga and stema covered with minutespic- Seta 1-or 5 ules;seta 1-I (float hair) with thick primary brancheswhich are subdividedinto many length of ter secondarybranches; 4-I at middle between 3-I and 6-I; 5-III mesadof 4-1II; 4-IV almost alwa, anterolaeteradof 5-IV; 2-IV•VI anteromesadof respectivesetae 1 and fairly closeto anterolaterac posteriormargin of respectiveterga; 11-VI lateradof 10--VI; no conspicuoussetae on caudad of its segmentVII exceptfor 9-VII; 6-VII posteromesadof 9-VII; 11-VII closeto andcepha- the longests, lad of 10-VII; 9-VIII differentiated,located cephalad of posterolateralcomer; 14-VIII as or longer longer than 14-III•VII, shorterthan 2-VII. Mediancaudal lobe (segmentIX) very asetose sensi Studieson thePupal Mosquitoes of Japan(9) 161

short, with a short stout seta (I-IX) on each side. Paddle rounded, with midrib curved inwards,with 2 apicalsetae (1- and 2-Pd), 2-Pd longerthan l-Pd. $20), Lt. halifaxii subgenus. Key to Japanese Species of the Pupa of Lutzia

I. Seta 1-I with less than ten primary and about 20 secondarybranches; 2- and 3-I separated;1-II with divergentbranches; 1-m and -IV single;5-11 lateradof 4-II; •m Ogasawara-gunt6 9-II-VI pointed-tippedas 9-I; 9-VII very weakly and sparselybarbed, single or two branched;9-VIII with only 2-3 branches;segment VIII with posterolateral corner not produced...... Lt. (lh,) shinonagai aished from each Seta 1-I with about 10 primary and numeroussecondary branches; 2- and 3-1 approximated;1-II with branchesnot very divergent;l-iII and-IV multibranched and never single; 5-1I mesad of 4-1I; 9-II-VI blunt-tipped;9-VII and -VIII stronglybarbed and with more (2-14) branches;segment VIII with posterolateral corner rather sharplyproduced ...... 2 ' anteriad of 5-C 2. Longestsetae of segmentsIV-VI sometimeslonger than next tergum...... •tum with median ...... Lt. (Mlt.) vorax ddle, with 1-S of - Longestsetae of segmentsIV-VI neverlonger than next tergum...... Lt. (Mtt.) fuscana linerican species) seta 6-C posteri- Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax EDWARDS lian tooth unicus- (Fig. 1;Table l) tan or at most as EDWAm)S,1921, Bull. ent.Res. 12:327 (oz).Type4oc.: Tokio (sic), Japan. I numerous, con- -VI blunt-tipped; Trumpet length:0.74-1.05 ram. Paddlelength: 1.07-1.32 mm. I. Larva: pecten Trumpet index 3.69-4.41 (X. 3.93; 8 ex.); pinna 0.36-0.51 (X 0.40) length of y spaced...... trumpet.Seta 1-C>2-C > 3-C in length;10-C oftenbarbed. Abdominal terga covered 1African species) with microsculptureof shortridges bearing a singlecaudally directed minute spicule; on :uous,long apical the sterna,these ridges tend to form an imbricatepattern especiallyin posterior seg- J-' _•'- .!_. ß - as 9-I; segment ments; dorsal intersegmental membrane reticuiate, more Ul•uBCuy i[i areteflor tricted to middle intersegments.Setae 2- and 3-I approximated;3-, 6- or 7-I longestof setaeof the segment,and 1-I subequalto them in length;the longest seta 0.72-1.15 (X 0.96) length )gasawara-gunt6) of tergum I, 14 setaeof 35 examinedas long as or longer than tergum I; 7-I usuallyas long as or longer than 6-I; 9-I pointed-tippedas usual.Seta 1-lI relatively short, with thick stem and fine branches,which are not very divergent; 2-II more often (62%) anterolateradof 3-II; 5-II always roesadof 4-II, and more often (65%) caudadof it, ßMexico. most often'longest of setaeof the seginent;7-II sometimeslongest, and usuallylonger than 6-II; 3-11 nearly as long as them;the longestseta 0.56-0.83 (X, 0.68) lengthof ; lateralia usually tergum III; 9-II-VI short, blunt-tipped,at or slightlycephalad of level of respective ntrally near base; setae6. Seta1-, 3- or 5-III longestof setaeof the segment,and 6-III nearly as long as •orter than trum- them; the longestseta 0.51-0.81 (• 0.63) lengthof tergumIV; 2-III alwayscephalad of :tae;8-C slightly 1-Ill but transverseposition variable; asetose sensillum usually posterolaterad of 4-III. •ith minutespic- Seta 1- or 5-IV longestof setaeof the segment,the longestseta 0.63-1.03 (•, 0.83) ivided into many length of tergum V, 2 setaeof 39 examinedas long as or longer than tergum V; 2-IV t of 4-11I; 4-IV almost always anteromesadof 1-IV; 3-IV often (45%) anterolateradof 5-IV; 4-IV •d fairly close to anterolateradof 5-IV; asetosesensillum variable in positionrelative to 4-IV, but always ;picuous setae on caudadof its level. Usuallyseta 5-V or sometimes1-V longestof setaeof the segment, aseto and cepha- the longestseta 0.71-1.I6 (• 0.94) lengthof tergumVI, 14 setaeof 39 examinedas long corner; 14-VIII as or longer than tergumVI; 4-V almostalways anteromesad of or tandemwith 5-V; :gmentIX) very asetosesensillum more often (72%) posterolateradof 4-V. Seta 3-VI sometimes(33%) 162 Kazuo TANA•

anteromesad of 1 of setae of the s{ ined as long as o rarely tandem w 0.53) length of si corner of segmm posterior0.23-0 0.24-0.35 (• 0.: segment VIII; d emarginate, cow index 1.10-1.39 which is slightly Supernume• ined, single to e found in nine sp alveolus, a short on the left side ( ated 10-II, with side of a single appearance,abo' without alveolm both sides of a branched, about associated nerv• single, otherwis seine), single, al A pair of very sternum VIII n branches and m secondaries and

Table 1. Rangeof !

Seta Cephalo- No. thorax I

0 -- 1 1-4(1•-) : 2 3 4 1 5 1-2(•-t) 6 •-2(•t) 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 2-9(6) • • l-2(l't) ]2 13 -- 14 -- Fig.1. Pupa of Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax.. -- a,Cephalothorax (part);b, dorsalapotome; c, trumpet;d, seine 94 and9-III; e, segmentVIII andleft paddle (typical); f, left paddle Modesin parenthe (narrowest);g,right paddle (broadest); h,rectathorax andabdomen. (Scales represent 0.5 Specimensexamin mm unless otherwise indicated.) gunif>;1 fiz:r Studieson thePupal Mosquitoes of Japan(9) 163

anteromesadof l-VI; 4-VI usuallyanterolaterad of or tandemwith 5-VI; 5-VI longest of seineof the segment,0.73-1.06 (X 0.90) lengthof tergum VII, 5 setaeof 34 exam- ined as long as or longer than tergum VII. Seta2-VII almostalways anteromesad of or rarely tandem with 1-VII; 4-V11 anterolateradof 5-VII; 9--VII barbed, 0.44 0.70 (X 0.53) length of sideof segmentVIII, 0.66-0.93 (i 0.80) lengthof 9-VIII. Posterolateral corner of segmentVIII rather sharplyproduced; seta 9-VIII strongly barbed,located at posterior0.23-0.29 (i 0.26) of and 0.56-0.78 (• 0.66) lengthof sideof the segment, 0.24-0.35 (X 0.29) length of paddle.Median caudallobe 0.38-0.44 (i 0.41) width of segmentVIII; oa genital lobe 0.27-0.33 (i 0.30) length of paddle. Paddle with apex emarginate,covered with minutespicules densely on marginalarea and sparselyon disk; index 1.10-1.39 (i 1.24); seta l-Pd very short, 0.21--0.55 (X 0.36) length of 2-Pd, whichis slightlylaterad of 1-Pd, 0.074).13 (• 0.10) lengthof paddle. Supernumerarysetae. Seta 11-I wasfound in 13 specimens(17 setae)of 20 exam- ined, singleto eight branched,about as long as 9-I but thicker than it. Seta 10-II was found in nine specimens(12 setae),single, usually about the sizeof 10-III, but without alveolus,a short remnantof the associatednerve usuallyis visible. Seta 11-II was found on the left sideof a singleo a specimen(C-1898-5), threebranched, shorter than associ- ated 10-II, with neitheralveolus nor associatednerve. Seta13-1I wasfound on the right sideof a single ½ specimen(C-1899-27), five branched,similar to larval seta 13-II in appearance,about as long as2-II, placedfar from the posteriormargin of the sternum, without alveolus but with a remnant of the associated nerve. Seta 13-IV was found on both sidesof a single oa specimen(H-2006-8), located anteromesadof 1 1-IV, two branched,about as long as 8-IV, with a normal alveolus and a distinct remnant of the associatednerve. Seta 13-V was found on both sidesof the samespecimen as above, single, otherwisesimilar to 13-1V. Seta 10-VIII was found in three specimens(five setae),single, about as long as 10-VII, without alveolus,the associatednerve indistinct. A pair of very thick and apparentlyabnormal setae was found on the posteriorwall of sternum VIII near 10-VIII; the left one has two primary branches,five secondary branchesand numerousfine tertiary branches,and the right one two primaries,three secondariesand numeroustertiaries. This setamay possiblybe interpretedas 13-VIII.

Table 1. Rangeof the branchingof thepupal setae of Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax EDw^m)s,1921

Seta Cephalo- Abdomen No. thorax I II IIl IV V VI VII VIII

0 -- -- l-2(lt) 1 1-2(It) 1-2(lt) I-2(ID 1-2(lt) 1-2(It) I 1-4(It) m 3-11(6) 4-14(7) 2-9(3) 1-4(1) 1-2(1') I -- 2 1-2(It) 1-2(It) 1 1 I I I I -- 3 1-4(2) 1-3(1) 1-2(I*) 1-2(1') 2-'7(4) l-2(lt) !-2(ID 1 -- 4 1 1-5(2) 1-4(2) 2-6(3) I-3(2) 1-4(2) l-2(lt) 1-3(1'I') 1 5 1-2(191-8(3) 1-4(1-1') 1-5(2) 1-7(2) 1-4(2) 1-3(1') 1-2(1-t') 1•-•-- 7 1 1-2(1) 1-5(2) 2-6(4) 1-5(3) 1-5(4) 1-2( 1t) l 68 1-2(It) 1 I-4(1') -- l-3(lt) -- 1-2(It) 1-5(2) 1-2(1-[-) 1-6(3) 1-3(1'1-) 1-4(2) 1-5(2)1-2(It) 1-5(3) 1-5 (2) I 1-3(1-1')1 9 1 1-4(1) 1 I 1 1 I 2-8(4) 5-14(8) 10 2-9(6) -- -- I 1 1 1-2(1-t') 1

12 1-2(1t) ...... 13 - 1 14I1 --l-2(lt) -- 1• l-2(lt)1 1 I 11-3(1') Il-2(lt) 1-2(I-D I [ I-2(I-D 1_3(1,) salapotome; c, •; f, left paddle Modesin parenthesis,* the caseoccurring in 80-89%, '• in 90-99%. ßs represent0.5 Specimensexamine& 10o •, 10g: Honshfiand Kyfishfi; 7o •, 5 9: RyukyuArch.; 2o •, 5 9: Ogasawara- gunt6; 1 9: Taiwan. 1(• Kazuo

Specimensexamined. 33c•, 22?- in total.Honshfi -- Sagamihara,Kanagawa Pref., 16d', 5½, VIII. 13 and 15, 1974, catchbasin, col. E. S. SAUGSTAD;Zama, Kanagawa Per., 2c?, 2½, VIII. 3, 1973, barrel, col. E. S. S^UGST^D;Misakubo (Nakagoya), Wn•D•,n'•, 182œ Shizuoka Pref., l c?, 1 ?-, VIII. 16, 1969, iron drum, col. M. S^WAD^and A. Yosml; Misakubo(Mukai-ichi), ShizuokaPref., l c?,VIII. 18, 1969, stonemill, col. M. S^WADA Trumpet 1 and A. YOSHn.Tsushima (Is.), Kyfishfi -- Izuhara, lc?, 27-, X. 8, 1970, grave Trumpet i stone, col. M. Nishikawa; Mt. Ariake, 2c?, IX. 26, 1974, rock hole, col. K. Mtzus^wA; 1-C>=2-C > 2 Mt. Ariake, 1c?, 19-, IX. 26, 1974, cemeuttank, col. K. Mtzus^w^.Amami-gunt6, microsculpture Ryukyu Arch. -- Mr. Yuwan, Amami-Oshima, 2c?, 2½, VII. 4, 1970, tire, col. K. tending to fort 1Vl•zus^w^and M. NISmKAWA.Okinawa-gunt6, Ryukyu Arch. -- Yona, Okinawa- mental membr. hont6, l c•, X. 25, 1971, ground pool, col. K. MEUS^WA, S. SHINON^GAand T. and 74 subeqt KIKUCHI; Gajanokobanta,Okinawa-hont6, ld', 1 $, XII. 9, 1971 and IX. 30, 1972, rock 0.69-0.99 (X • hole, col. K. MIZUSAW^; Yona, Okinawa-hont6, 2d', 1 $, X. 1, 1972, rock hole, col. K. unequal, point, Mtzus^w^.Yaeyama-gunt6, Ryukyu Arch. -- nr. (5ham,Iriomote-jima, 1c?, XI. which are not 11, 1971, stream,col. K. T^N^K• and K. M•ztJs^w^;Funaura, Iriomote-jima, 19-, XII. and 7-II subet 1, 1971, ground pool, col. K. MlztJs^w^. Ogasawara-gunt6 (Bonin Islands) -- seta 0.54-0.78 Haha-jima,2½, VI., 1973, groundpool, col. S. HAY^StuD^;nr. Mt. Chfi6, Chichi-jima, 9-11-VI blunt- 1c•, IX. 28, 1973, ground pool, col. K. MIZUSAWA;Ohmura, Chichi-jima, 1c?, 3 ½, IX. subequalin le 29, 1973, man-made container,col. K. M•zus^w^. Taiwan -- 1 ½ (without precise 0.52-0.75 (a information). usually poster, Distribution. JapaneseArchipelago; Ryukyu Archipelago; Ogasawara-gunt6; longestof seta Mariana Islands;Prymorye; Korea; Cheju-do;China; Taiwan; HongKong; Malay Penin- 2-1V anteton sula;Burma; Nepal; India; Ceylon.. anterolaterad, Taxonomicdiscussion. BRAM, 1967, synonymizedLutzia voraxwith L.halifaxii (as subequalin It Culex). Shirivanakarn,1976 (pets. comm.), had a view that both specieswere distinct, 0.72-0.95 (X becausethe abdominalpale bandingis constantin Lutzia vorax.In fact, all specimens asetose sensill from Japan,Korea, the RyukyuAr.chipelago and the Ogasawara-gunt6that I examined with 1-VI bul had the abdominalbanding typical of Lutzia vorax,with nonetypical of L. halifaxii or of longestof set any form intermediatebetween the two. AlthoughI here follow Shirivanakarn'sview anteromesad • and treat Lutzia vorax as a distinct species,I still feel somehesitation, because both (a 0.57) leng speciesare difficult to separatein the male genitalia,pupa and larva. Methodsother than lateral cornet morphologydefinitely are necessaryfor differentiatingsuch doubtfully distinct species. EDWARDS,1941, describedand discussedpupal characterscommon to all Asian and Table 2. Range African speciesof Lutzia, andstated that setae1- and 5-IV-VII were in "no caselonger Seta Cephal(> than the segments."In the caseof JapaneseLt. vorax, the longestseta (usually 1 or 5) of No. thorax

segmentsIV-VI is sometimesas long as or longer than the next tergum, 5% of the 0 -- longestsetae in segmentIV, 36% in segmentV, and 15% in segmentVI; terga II-VII { are alwayslonger than the precedingtergum. The 40% of the longestseta of tergumI 2 1 examined also was longer than the tergum. ISHIHARA,1942, gave a short (six lines) 3 1-3(2) descriptionand an illustrationof the apex of the abdomenof the pupaof this species. 4 1 5 1 ASANUMA,1948, discussedthe variationof branchingof the cephalothoracicsetae, and 6 1 presenteda short(eight lines)description and a simplifiedillustration of the apexof 7 1 abdomen.La Casseand YAMAGUTI,1948 and 1950, illustratedthe trumpetand paddle. 8 I-2(1') KAM•MUVO•,1976, treatedthe pupa very briefly. Tom and 1VIIYAGI,1986, presenteda 9 1-3(1) short description,a full illustrationand a chaetotaxytable on 12 specimensfrom Okina- 10 2-9(-) wa-hont6as Culex (Lutzia) halifaxii. They gave the lengthof the paddleas 0.46-0.54 11 1--2(1') 12 1--2(1') mm and the width as 0.41-0.45 mm, but thesemay be erroneous.Their seta3-III is my 13 -- 5-III and their 5-III is my 3-III, and their 1-P may be my 2-Pd andtheir 2-P maybe 14 -- my 1-Pd. There were no marked differencesin morphologicalcharacters among the populationsfrom PalaearcticJapan, the RyukyuArchipelago, the Ogasawara-gunt6and Modesin paren Taiwan. Specimensexal Studieson thePupal Mosquitoes of Japan(9) 165

Lutzia (Metalutzia) fuscana (WIEDEMANN) •agawaPref., (Table 2) .ha, Kanagawa •o (Nakagoya), 1820,Dipt Exot.:9 (c?•-; Culex).Type-loc.: India. and A. YOSHU; c01. M. SAWADA Trumpet length:0.75-0.94 mm. Paddlelength: 0.99--1.20 mm. 8, 1970, grave Trumpetindex 3.52-4.05 (2 ex.); pinna0.4• 0.58 (X 0.51) lengthof trumpet.Seta [. K. MIZUSAWA; 1-C-->_2-C> 3-C in length; 10-C sometimesbarbed. Abdominal terga coveredwith Amami-gunt6, microsculptureof shorttransverse ridges bearing a singleminute spicule, these ridges )70, tire, col. K. tendingto form imbricationon stemaespecially in posteriorsegments; dorsal interseg- Yona, Okinawa- mentalmembrane reticulate, more distinctlyin anteriorintersegments. Setae I-, 3-, 6- 'NONAGA and T. and 7-1 subequalin length, and one of themlongest of setaeof the segment,longest seta (. 30, 1972, rock 0.69-0.99 (X 0.82) lengthof tergumI; 2-and 3-I approximated;branches of 9-1 often ßock hole, col. K. unequal,pointed as usual.Seta 1-1I relativelyshort, with thick stemand fine branches, ,te-jima, 1o•, XI. which are not very divergent;2-I1 more often (70%) anteromesadof 3-II; 3-, 5-, 6- te-jima, 1•, XII. and 7-II subequalin lengthand one of themlongest of setaeof the segment,the longest fin Islands) -- seta0.54-0.78 (X 0.64) lengthof tergumIII; 5-II me.sad of and usuallycaudad of 4--1I; hfi6, Chichi-jima, 9--II-VI blunt-tipped,located about at level of respectivesetae 6. Setae1-, 3- and 5-III ma, lc?, 3•½, IX. subequalin length and one of them longestof setaeof the segment,the longestseta (without precise 0.52-0.75 (X 0.62) lengthof tergum IV; 2-III anteromesadof l-Ill; asetosesensillum usually posteromesadof 4-III. Setae 1- and 5-IV subequalin length and one of them )gasawara-gunt6; longestof setaeof the segment,the longestseta 0.57-0.80 (X 0.7I) lengthof tergumV; ,ng;Malay Penin- 2-IV anteromesadof I-IV; 3-1V variable in position relative to 5-IV; 4-IV anterolateradof 5-IV; asetosesensillum usually posteromesad of 4-IV. Setae1- and5-V ith L.halifaxii (as subequalin length and one of them longestof setaeof the segment,the longestseta :•es were distinct, 0.72--0.95 (X 0.87) length of tergum VI; 4-V anteromesadof or tandem with 5-V; •ct, all specimens asetosesensillum posterolaterad of 4-V. Seta3-VI usuallyanteromesad of or tendem 5 that I examined with 1-VI but alwayslaterad of 2-VI; 4-VI variablein positionrelative to 5-VI; 5-VI L. halifaxii or of longestof setaeof the segment,0.61-0.94 (Y• 0.80) lengthof tergum VII. Seta 2-VII ivanakarn' s view anteromesadof 1-VII; 4-VII anterolateradof 5-VII; 9-VII stronglybarbed, 0.46-0.65 on, becauseboth (2 0.57) lengthof side of segmentVIII, 0.73-1.15 (X 0.90) length of 9-VIII. Postero- lethods other than lateral corner of segment,T,,, •o,h,,. ch•rnlv produced:seta 9-VIlI strongly barbed, distinctspecies. to all Asian and Table2. Rangeof thebranching of thepupal setae of Lutzia (Metalutzia)fuscana(WI••, 1820) n "no caselonger Seta Cephalo- Abdomen usually1 or 5) of No. thorax I II Ili IV V VI VII VIII rgum, 5% of the 0 -- -- 1 I I I ! 1 1 VI; terga II-VII 1 1-2(2) m 2-7(4) 6-11(9) 2-6(5,6) 1-3(2) 1-2(2') 1-2(l*) -- ßseta of tergum I 2 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 -- short (six lines) 3 1-3(2) 1-3(1') I 1-3(1) 2-6(4,5) 1-3(2) 1 I -- >a of this species. 4 l 3-7(4,5) 1-4413) 2-5(3,4) !-2(2) 1-4413,4) 2-3(2) 1-2(l*) 1 •oracic setae, and 5 1 2-9(-) i-2(1) 1-'7(5) 1-7(6) 1-3(3) 6 1 I I I-2(1') 1-2(1) I-2(I*) 1-2(I*) 2-4(2) d ,n of the apex of 7 I 1-3(2) 1-3(1) 2-6(5) 1-3(2) 2-5(3) 1 1-2( 1*) mpet and paddle. 8 1-2(1') -- -- 2-6(2) 2-7(3) 2-3(3) 2-4(3)!-3(2) 2-4(2)1-2(1') •p { 1986, presenteda 9 1-3(1) 1-3(2) 1 1 1 1 i 4-5(5) 5-1o(-) nens from Okina- 10 2-9(-) -- -- 1 1 1 ! 1 :Idle as 0.46-0.54 I 1-3(1') 12 1-2(1') ------__ -- -- r seta 3-III is my 13 -- 1 -- their 2-P may be ll14 1-2(1') -- -- 1• 1 I I I I 1 acters among the sawara-gunt6and Modesin parenthesis.* thecase occurring in 80% or more. Specimensexamined: 1 $: Okinawa-hont6,Ryukyu Arch.; 2c•, 2 •: Cheju-do,Korea. 166 KazuoT•<• located posterior 0.23-0.31 (X 0.28) of and 0.57-0.70 (X 0.63) length of side of the segment,0.23-0.33 (X 0.30) length of paddle.Median caudallobe 0.37-0.41 (X 0.40) width of segmentVIII; c• genital lobe 0.32-0.34 (2 ex.) length of paddle. Paddle emarginate at apex, with minute spiculesdense on marginal area and sparseon disk; index 1.05-1.36 (• 1.15); seta 1-Pd 0.31-0.52 (X 0.43) length of 2-Pd, which is 0. 06-0.09 (X 0.08) lengthof paddle. Supernumerarysetae. Seta 114 was found in all 5 specimensexamined (9 setae), I-3 branched. Specimensexamined. 2•, 3• in total. Okinawa-guntr, Ryukyu Arch. -- Yona, Okinawa-hontr: 1•, X. 24, 1971, blocked stream, col. K. MIzUs^w^, S. SHINONAGAand T. KIKUCHI. Cheju-do, Korea -- Namcheju-kun:2c•, 2 9, VIII. 7, 1993, col. 5th Prey. Med., U.S. Army. Distribution. India; Oriental Region; Prymorye; southernKorea; MicronesianIs.; Timor. Taxonomicdiscussion. Above description and table 2 are basedon only 5 specimens from two localities,therefore more variationsare expectedto occur.TOM• and MIYAGI, 1986, gavea short description,a full illustrationand a chaetotaxytable on 12 specimens from Minna-jima, Miyako-guntr, the RyukyuArchipelago. Their seta3-11I is my 5-III, and their 5-III is my 3-III. Body setaeon the whole are shorterin Lt. fuscanathan in Lt. vorax, and setaeof segmentsII-VII in Lt. fuscana never are longer than the next tergum.However, no definitelydistinct difference has been found in the pupalcharacter- isticsof thesetwo species.Difference in lengthsof the longestsetae of segmentsIV-VI shownin the foregoingkey providesa limited meansfor separatingthese species. As both specieshave very wide range of distribution, other populationsalso should be studiedat leastat the level of my presentstudy.

Lutzia (Insulalutzia) shinonagai (TANAKA, M•ZUSAWAet SAUGSTAD) (Fig. 2; Table 3) TA•,v,•,Mlzus^w^ andS^UG,•AD, 1979, Contrib. Am. •.ntomol. Inst. (Ann Arbor) 16:245 (d •, •, larva).Type-ioc.: Kitahukurozawa, Chichi-jima (Is.), Ogasawara-guntr.

Descriptionbased on a single9 specimen. Trumpet length:0.48 min. Paddlelength: 0.73-0.74 mm. Pinna 0.37 lengthof trumpet.Seta 1-C•2-C > 3-C in length.Abdominal terga covered with very short ridgesbearing usually a few minutespicules in anterior segme.nts, with poorly developedridges bearing a singlespicule in posteriorsegments, these short ridges lessdeveloped than in Lt. voraxand Lt. fuscana, andnever formingimbrication; reticu- lation on intersegmentalmembrane less developed than in Lt. varax and Lt. fuscana, visibleon posteriorpart of bothsides of tergumI andat middleof intersegmentsII-•IV. $eta 14 with 5-6 primary branchesand 19-21 secondarybranches, which are much fewer than in Lt. varax and Lt. fuscana; 14 longestof setaeof the segment,ca 0.85 as long as tergum I; 34 far laterad of 2-I, but still closerto it thanto 4-I; 94~VI fine and pointed-tipped.Seta 1-II with branchesdivergent; 2-II anteromesadof 3-II, which is longestof setaeof the segment,and 0.58-0.62 lengthof tergum1II; 5-II anterolateradof 4-II; 7-II aboutas long as 6-II. Seta 1-III longestof setaeof the segment,0.75-0.84 length of tergum IV; 2-III mesadof l-III; 5-III aboutas long as3-IIl and shorterthan I-1II; asetosesensillum posteromesad of 4-III on left side, and caudadand slightly laterad of it on right side. Seta 14V longestof setaeof the segment,0.80-0.84 lengthof tergumV; 24V roesadof l-IV; 3-IV tandemwith 5-IV on left sideand anteromesad of Fig. 2. Pt apotc it on right side;5-IV nearlyas long asor shorterthan 1-IV; asetosesensillum postero- metal Studieson the Pupal Mosquitoes of Japan(9) 167

jf side of the a d.41 (X 0.40) oaddle. Paddle sparseon disk; -Pd, which is 0. mined (9 setae), kyu Arch. -- •SAW^, S. 25, VIII. 7,

Micronesian Is.;

•nly 5 specimens III MA and MIYAGI, on 12 specimens 4II is my 5-1II, fuscanathan in zr than the next iv ,• pupalcharacter- segmentsIV-VI t 0.2 mln ! C ' nese species.As also should be

r) 16:245 (o•, •,

VIII i0 l1 7

•alterga covered r segme.nts, with IX aeseshort ridges )rication; reticu- vii xnd Lt. fuscana, -segmentsIIqV. which are much ment, ca 0.85 as

9-I-VI fine and viii .f 341, which is anterolateradof ment, 0.75--0.84 and shorter than :lad and slightly 0-0.84 lengthof Fig.2. Pupaof Lutzia (lnsulalutzia) shinonagai. - a, Cephalothorax(part);b, dorsal t anteromesadof apotome;c,trumpet (somewhat deformed); d,seta 94II; e, segment VIIIand paddles; f, :nsillumIx)stero- metathoraxand abdomen. (Scales represent 0.5 mmunless otherwise indicated.) 168 KazuoTAtqAKA

roesadof 4-IV on left sideand caudadand slightly lateradof it on right side. Sero4-V anteromesadof 5-V; 5-V longestof setaeof the segment,0.7{)4).72 length of tergum ASANUMA,K., 1! VI; asetosesensillum posterolaterad of 4-V. Seta3-VI anteromesadof 1-VI but !atetad tameni (A of 2-VI; 4-VI anteromesadof 5-VI; 5-VI longestof setaeof thesegment, 0.53 lengthof BELK•,J.N., 1 tergum VII. Seta 2-VII anteromesadof l-VII; 4-VII tandem with and cephaladof University 5-VII; 9-VII single or two branched,poorly barbed,0.58-4).63 lengthof sideof seg- Bmuvi, R. A., 1 ment VIII, 1.00-1.13 length of 9-VIII. Posterolateralcorner of segmentVIII not pro- Thailand (1 EDWM•DS,F. W duced; seta9-VIII locatedat posterior0.23--0.27 of and 0.56-0.58 length of side of the 263-351. segment,barbed, 0.27 lengthof paddle;14-VIII very short,about as long as0-viii. EraWAy,DS, F. • Median caudal lobe 0.45 width of segmentVIII.' Paddle very slightly emarginateor mosquit• subtruncateat apex, fringed with tiny spiculeson marginsexcept basal half of inner •w•, F. W margin; disk scatteredwith minute spiculesrather denselyon marginal area and very 258 pp. • •w•, F. • sparselyin median area; index 1.14-1.15; seta 1-Pd 0.34 length of 2-Pd; 2-Pd 0.12 British Mt Iengthof paddle. Is•, T,, I' Supernumerarysetae. Seta 11-I wasfound on the right side,single. Seta 8-It was To•o Ot found on the left side, two branched, aboutas long as 9-II; the alveolusand the remnant of the associatednerve are normal. Seta 10-II was found on both sides, two branched, (ed.), Sci• K•o•, K. L. • about as long as 6-II; the alveolus is absent,and the remnant of the associatednerve is tion, 6:1 barely visible. C• W. ] 183+2•3 Table 3. Range of the branchingof the pupal setae of Lutzia (Insulalutzia) shinonagai (TA•mra•, CAss• W. 2 lValIZUSAWAet S^UGSTAD, 1979) 3• ed. 21 R•T, J. F., Seta Cephalo- Abdomen 105-110. No. thorax I II IIl IV V VI VII VIII (O•leroi 0 -- -- 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 Tin, K.,2{ 1 1-2 19-21 4-5 I 1 1 1 1 -- Aedes (S 2 I 1 I 1 I I I I -- T•, 3 2 I I 1 2-4 I 1 I -- lap• 4 I 3-5 3 3 3 2 I I 1 Con.lb.. 5 1 1-2 I I 1-2 I I 1 T•, F. (Nam• 7 I 2 2 5-7 3-5 3 1 1 To•, T. and I 8 1 -- -- 4 4 2-3 4 6-7 6 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 4-5 demfipfi( 9 1 2 I 1 I 1 ! 1-2 2-3 10 2 -- -- I ! 1 1 1

1113 1 -- 1-- 1..... 1 1-21-2 1 2•-• 1214 I -- -- 1• I I I 1 1 I Specimenexamined: 1 ;3: Chichijima(Is.), Ogasawara-gunt6. Specimens examined. 19r(paratype): nr. Chfi6zan (Mt.), Chichi-jima (Is.), Ogasawara-gunt6,IX. 28, 1973, tree hole, col. K. M•us^w^. Distribution. Ogasawara-gunt6(the BoninIslands). Taxonomicdiscussion. The pupa of this speciesis describedhere for the first time. This pupacan be distinctlyseparated from Lt. fuscana and Lt. vorax by the characters shown in the foregoing key. In additionto the subgeneticcharacters of the adult and larva, thesepupal charactersmay becomegood basisfor subgeneticseparation of this speciesfrom the other speciesof Lutzia. Becauseonly onespecimen was studied, charac- ter variation should be studied with more material. Studieson the Pupal Mosquitoes ofJapan (9) 169

;ide. Seta 4-V References agth of tergum l-VI but laterad AS•nJMA,K., 1948.The pupal stage. (p. 146-176)In S^s^,M. andK. • Kao shiraberu hitono it, 0.53 lengthof tameni(A manual ofmosquitoes ofJapan). 210 pp. Tokyo Shuppan, Tokyo_ (InJapanese.) and cephaladof BEIXlN,J.N., 1962.The mosquitoes ofthe South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae). 2 vols. 608 and 412 pp. Universityof CaliforniaPress, Berkeley and Los Angeles. • of sideof seg- BRAM,R. A., 1967.Conthbutions tothe fauna of Southeast Asia. - II. Thegenus Culex in :nt VIII not pro- Thailand(Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib. Amer. ent. Inst. (Ann Arbor), 2: 1-296. :th of side of the Er•WARDS,F. W_, 1921. A revisionof the mosquitoes of the Palaearctic Region. Bull. ent. Res., 12: long as 0-VIII. 263-351. y emarginate or EDWARDS,F. W., 1922.A synopsisof adult Oriental Culicine (including Megarhinine andSabethine) mosquitoes.Part I. Ind. J. reed.Res., 10: 249-293. ;al half of inner EDWARDS,F. W., 1932. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. In W'rrsu•, P. (ed.), Genera lnsectorum, rase. 194, d area and very 258 pp. LouisDesmet Verteneuil, Bmxelles. :-Pd; 2-Pd 0.12 EDW,•dmS,BritishF.Museum W., 1941. (Natural Mosquitoes History), ofLondon.the Ethiopian Region. Ill. - Culicineadults and pupae. 499 pp. le. Seta 8-I1 was ISHIHAI•,T., 1942.A taxonomicstudy on eggs, larvae and pupae of some species ofthe from TokyoCity and its neighboring area.(•y•-Dgbutsugaku-Zasshi, 14:1-22. (In Japanese.) and the remnant K^Im,X4URA,K., 1976. Explanation ofthe Japanese species of mosquitoes. (p.150-288.) In S^s^,M. s, two branched, (ed.),Science ofmosquitoes. 312pp. Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese.) sociated nerve is Kincan-,K.L. and A. STO• 1977. Acatalog ofthe mosquitoes ofthe world. The Thomas SayFounda- tion, 6:1-611. I• CASSE,W.J. and S, YA•V•GUTI, 1948.Mosquito fauna ofJapan and Korea (with 78 original plates). inonagai (TANAKA, 183+273pp. Office of the Surgeon, HQ. I Corps,Japan. LAC^ssE, W.J. and S. Y•vlAGtm, 1950. Mosquito fauna ofJapan and Korea (with 95 original plates). 3rded. 213 pp. Office of the Surgeon, HQ. 8th U.S. Army, Kyoto. REm•-,J. F., 1975.Mosquito generic andsubgeneric abbreviations (Diptera:Culicidae). Mosq. Syst., 7: VIII 105-110. T,•'q.•ac•,K., 1999.Studies on the pupal mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Japan. (1) Aedes 1 (Ochlerotatus).Jpn. J. syst.Ent., 5: 105-124. T•,•, K.,2001. Studies onthe pupal mosquitoes ofJapan (4). Supernumerary setaefound inspecies of Aeries(Stegomyia) (Diptera, Culicidae). Jpn. J. xyxt. Ent., 7: 47-57. TAN•d

hichi-jima (Is.),

or the first time. •y the characters of the adult and .eparationof this studied, charac-