States of Matter

Chapter 3

I. States of Matter – solid, liquid, gas, and plasma A. Small, moving particles make up all matter B. Four States of Matter (p. 60) i. Solid (p. 61) a. Definite shape (can’t be poured) b. Definite volume (doesn’t expand to fit the container) c. Crystalline – particles have an orderly arrangement d. Amorphous – particles have no arrangement ii. Liquid (p. 62) a. No definite shape b. Definite volume c. viscosity – the thickness of a liquid (or gas) iii. Gas (p. 63-64) a. No definite shape b. No definite volume c. Gas has pressure d. Boyle’s Law (p. 65) - Temperature is constant (doesn’t change) - As volume increases, pressure will decrease and vice versa - Demonstrations: Vacuum (marshmallows, balloon, shaving cream); Cartesian diver; syringe block e. Charles Law (p. 66) - Pressure is constant (doesn’t change) - As volume increases, temperature will increase and vice versa - Demos: Fire Syringe; Can Crush, Liquid N2 bottle, liquid N2 balloon iv. Plasma – more on this later (maybe) (p. 67)

II. Changes of State – the change of one physical form to another (p. 69) A. Energy changes and is related to the motion of the particles B. Melting (p. 69) i. Solid to Liquid ii. The substance absorbs energy C. Freezing (p. 69) i. Liquid to Solid ii. The substance releases energy D. Vaporization (or Evaporation) (p. 70) i. Liquid to Gas ii. The substance absorbs energy E. Condensation (p. 71) i. Gas to Liquid ii. The substance releases energy F. Sublimation (p. 72) i. Solid to Gas ii. Example – Dry Ice